Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province

Viết đề tài giá sinh viên – ZALO: 0917.193.864 -
VIETKHOALUAN.COM
Tải tài liệu tại kết bạn zalo :
0917.193.864
THE UNIVERSITY OF DA NANG
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS
HO THI CHAU
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
OF KHANH HOA PROVINCE
Major in Business Administration
Code: 62.34.01.02
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
Da Nang - 2022

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
The work was completed at
University of Economics - Da Nang University
Science instructor:
Instructor 1: Prof. Dr. NGUYEN TRUONG SON
Instructor 2: Dr. PHAN THI DUNG
Reviewer 1: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thanh Hieu
Reviewer 2: Dr. Nguyen Quoc Nghi
Reviewer 3: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Tai Phuc
The dissertation will be defended at the doctoral
defence committee from University of Economics, The
University of Danang on November 25th
, 2021.
The dissertation can be found at:
- National Library of Vietnam
- The University of Da Nang - The Center for Learning Information
Resources and Communication.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH
PROBLEM 1.1 The urgency of the topic
In theory
Tourism is considered as a “Smoke-Free Industry-SI”
industry, which develops rapidly and provides an important source of
income for the economies. In addition, with its enormous potential,
tourism is increasingly considered one of the major economic sectors
of the world (Harris, 2000). Therefore, the topic of sustainable
development and sustainable development of tourism is of great
interest to many domestic and foreign scientists and managers. As a
result, many studies related to this issue have been and are being
carried out. According to the author's understanding, the research on
sustainable tourism development approach is quite diverse and
plentiful as research: Urquhart (1998; Tosun (2001); UNWTO
(2005); Amir et al (2014); Huang (2011); Angelkova et al. ( 2012).
Researches in Vietnam by Luu Duc Hai et al (2001); Tran
Tien Dung (2006); Nguyen Duc Tuy (2014); Nguyen Van Hop
(2014); Vu Van Dong (2014); Le Chi Cong (2015) have continued to
inherit the studies in the world to discuss the content of sustainable
tourism development; develop criteria for assessing sustainability in
tourism; measure the level of sustainability in tourism development
in each type of tourism; recommend solutions to help the tourism
industry in each different locality have a sustainable development.
To a certain extent, the authors have highlighted three angles
of sustainability in tourism development. The first angle relates to
"economy" with ensuring the development towards improving the
quality of tourism services, the value to stakeholders and the
competitiveness of destinations. The second perspective is related to
“society” with tourism development to ensure that the local
community is valued without harming the benefits received by future
generations. The third angle refered to "environment" with tourism
development must focus on exploiting, preserving and conserving
tourism resources values.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
1

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
However, up to now, research related to assessment of tourism
sustainability has only taken place in developed countries where
there are many conditions for tourism to develop in a sustainable
way. Meanwhile, although sustainable tourism development has
received more attention recently in Vietnam, academic and empirical
research on this issue is rather fuzzy and lacks important points in
the Overall assessment of sustainable tourism development on three
angles: economic, social and environmental.
In practical terms
Tourism is an integrated economic sector and plays an
increasingly important role in the process of economic, political,
social development and protection of environmental resources.
Sustainable development tourism plays an important role in the
sustainable development of each country, each province, and each
region. Sustainable development is an indispensable requirement in
tourism development, but it is also a very complicated task because it
involves many different subjects (the Government; Tourism
businesses; Tourists; Residential communities at the destination;...)
with interrelated issues (Law system, policy mechanisms; Investment
in the development of infrastructure and tourism products; Benefits
and responsibilities of businesses; Participation and benefits of the
residential communities in the destination).
Document of the Communist Party's IX Congress emphasized:
“Tourism development has truly become a spearhead economic
sector, improving the quality and efficiency of operations on the
basis of exploiting the advantages of natural conditions cultural and
historical traditions, meeting the needs of domestic tourism
development and rapid international tourism development, striving to
soon reach regional tourism development level. Building and
upgrading material foundations, forming key tourist areas, promoting
cooperation and association with other countries”. Resolution No.
36-NQ/TW on sustainable development of Vietnam's marine
economy to 2030, vision to 2045, emphasized the priority of

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
2

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
developing marine tourism and services based on the great potential
of tourism resources and coastal and islands tourism of Vietnam.
Along with the tourism development of the whole country,
Khanh Hoa with favorable natural conditions in terms of location,
landscape, climate, unique advantages in island tourism, cultural,
historical and famous tourism landscapes, mountain and forest
ecotourism, combining festivals, events, and conferences, thus
having the ability to develop a variety of tourism types, increasingly
having the power to attract many tourists. domestic and foreign
tourists, becoming an important tourist part of the Central - Central
Highlands and the whole country. Government management of
tourism, planning, construction investment, business capacity
development, information propaganda, tourism promotion, security
and order and hygiene environment, human resource training has
been paid attention and promoted.
Khanh Hoa has a lot of famous tourist attractions in the hearts
of tourists as well as locals such as Vinpearl Land Tourist Area, Nha
Trang Beach, Nha Trang Institute of Oceanography, Hon Mun
Island, Hon Chong - Hon Wife, Ponagar Tower, Nha Trang Stone
Church, Long Son Pagoda, Doc Let Tourist Area, Ba Ho Stream,
Nha Phu Dam, Dai Lanh Beach, Yangbay Waterfall, Thanh Dien
Khanh, "Tu Binh" Cam Ranh, Bai Dai Beach. In addition, cultural
festivals are also developing such as Thap Ba Festival, Am Chua
Festival, Agricultural Village Communion Festival, New Raglai Rice
Festival, and Fishermen Festival. The incentives of natural
conditions, socio-economic conditions, potential natural resources,
socio-cultural resources, and famous tourist destinations have created
the picture of Nha Trang Khanh Hoa tourism regardless every visitor
wants to come once to feel and experience. Based on the potential
conditions for development, Khanh Hoa tourism has developed
impressively in terms of both quantity and structure, if in 2011 the
total number of visitors to Khanh Hoa was only 2.2 million, in 2019,
it will reach over 7 million visitors. The average growth rate in the

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
3

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
period 2011-2019 is 15.7%, of which domestic tourists are 8.89%,
international visitors are 29.87%, with a series of tourism businesses
sprouting up. Tourism development has made a significant
contribution to the GRDP of Khanh Hoa province, specifically, the
rate of income from tourism services in 2011 was 16.48% to 2019
was 31.47%.
In addition to many achievements, Khanh Hoa tourism
development in the last period lacked sustainability and created
many challenges that is the rapid development of tourism businesses
while the lack of attention to the service quality, a shortage of highly
qualified and skilled workers and especially the problem of
environmental pollution in tourism development. The current
situation of tourism development in the period with the structure of
the source of tourists is not diverse, in 2011, Chinese tourists only
had 3% by 2019, nearly 70%, while Western European visitors
decreased from 47% to 5%; Tourism areas have not been expanded,
lack of new types of tourism services, entertainment areas, shopping
centers, low average spending (not more than 1.5 million VND / day
/ person). ), the average number of days of stay of domestic tourists
is 2 days/person and international is 3 days/person; The customer
market development strategy is not really sensitive to the fluctuations
of the business environment; The business strategy of travel
companies is unsustainable and long-term oriented, the international
tourist market still depends on a few major tourist markets, visitors
from China are growing too fast with the growth rate, averagely
92.27% per year, Russian visitors by 38.91%, South Korea rises to
27.6%; Socio-cultural and environmental problems arising from
tourism development in recent years have not been well considered
and controlled, traffic infrastructure overload, tourist attractions as
well as social problems are not controlled.
With shortcomings of both theory and practice above, this
thesis applies theories of sustainable development in combination
with qualitative and quantitative research methods to clarify the

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
4

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
sustainability in tourism development in Khanh Hoa during the past
time, creates a gap for research in order to find solutions to develop
local tourism, promote the great advantages of Khanh Hoa tourism
industry, and at the same time overcome limitations in order to
develop tourism towards sustainability. The research evaluates
objectively the current situation of tourism development in Khanh
Hoa province from the perspective of sustainable development,
properly identify existing limitations, propose orientations and
solutions to promote sustainable tourism development in the
province. Khanh Hoa is a task that is both urgent and strategic in
socio-economic development in Khanh Hoa province.
On that basis, the author will suggest some effective solutions
to promote the great advantages of the Khanh Hoa tourism industry
and to overcome shortcomings and develop tourism towards
sustainability. Stemming from the reasons above, the author chooses
the topic "Sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa province"
to do the thesis.
1.2 Research objectives
Systematize the basic theoretical problems on sustainable
tourism development; Building a system of indicators for evaluating
the sustainability of Khanh Hoa tourism in terms of economy,
society and environment; Analyze and assess the status of
sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa in the period 2011-
2019 from an economic, social and environmental perspective;
Analyze and assess the sustainability in tourism development by
expert method; Proposing solutions for the development of
sustainable tourism in Khanh Hoa in the coming time.
1.3 Research subject and scope
Research object: Theoretical research and current situation of
Khanh Hoa tourism development from a sustainable perspective.
Scope of research: Research on the current status of
sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa period 2011-2019
and vision to 2030

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
5

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
1.4. Research methods
The thesis uses qualitative and quantitative research methods
to solve proposed research objectives, which are:
Using qualitative research methods to: (1) Develop criteria to
assess the current status of Khanh Hoa tourism development towards
sustainability; (2) Develop criteria to assess visitor satisfaction.
Using quantitative research methods to: (1) Investigate and
survey field data from experts; tourists; (2) Analyze primary data
survey results using SPSS and Excel; (3) Statisticize and analyze
primary data in system; (4) Analysis of expert assessment results on
limitations and causes; evaluate the importance and feasibility of the
proposed solution.
1.5 Literature review
1.5.1. International studies
Most studies on sustainable development research
sustainability on three angles: economic sustainable development,
social sustainable development, and environmental sustainable
development, and also points out the interdependent relationship
between the pillars of sustainable development, affirms the overall
goal of sustainable development.
The approaches of researches on sustainable tourism
development are quite diverse and plentiful, highlighting three angles
of sustainability in tourism development, namely economic, social
and environmental angle; including: Urquhart (1998) with the theme
“The Sustainable Development of Tourism in Africa”; Butler's
research (1999) with the theme “Sustainable Tourism: A State-of-
the-Art Review”; Weaver and Lawton (1999) with the theme
"Sustainable Tourism: A Critical Analysic"; Tosun (2001) research
with the theme “Challenges of Sustainable Tourism Development In
the Developing World: The Case of Turkey”; Research of the World
Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2005) with the theme "Making
Tourism More Sustainable: A Guide for Policy Makers" (2005;

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
6

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
Research by Dumbraveanu (2007) "Principles and Practice of
Sustainable Tourism Planning"; Research Huang's research (2011)
with the theme “Good Practice in Sustainable Tourism”; Research by
Angelkova et al (2012) with the topic “Sustainability and
Competitiveness of Tourism”; Thapa's Research (2012) with the
theme “Tourism and Sustainable Community Development In
Nepal”; Research by Amir et al (2014) with the theme“ Sustainable
Tourism Development: A Study on Community Resilience for Rural
Tourism in Malaysia ”.
1.5.2 Studies in Vietnam
There are many academic and practical researches related to
sustainable development and sustainable tourism, each research
project has different perspectives and solves different problems, but
it is oriented towards clarifying theories, providing the views,
principles, evaluation criteria, recommendations to contribute to
promoting sustainable tourism development and contribute to local
economic growth.
In general, research documents shows that sustainable
development in general and sustainable development in tourism in
particular has been studied by scientists in the world and in Vietnam
for a long time, making many contributions to the development of
mankind. The research works have codified the theoretical issues of
sustainable development, sustainable tourism development; mention
sustainable development of tourism on three angles of economy,
culture, society and environment; built a number of models of
sustainable development and sustainable tourism; building a number
of principles to assess the sustainability of tourism; propose a
number of solutions to contribute to sustainable tourism development
in each locality. However, the research works still have some issues
that have not been resolved, such as: the indicators for assessment of
the sustainability of tourism have not been established, the impact to
economic, social and environmental growth in tourism development

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
7

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
has not been considered, and the capacity of tourist destinations has
not been measured specifically.
1.6 Contribution of the thesis
1.6.1. In theoretical terms
The thesis has built a system of indicators to assess the
sustainability of Khanh Hoa tourism in terms of economy, society
and environment. At the same time, the thesis has also shown an
appropriate research method to assess the sustainability of Khanh
Hoa tourism in terms of economy, society and environment.
1.6.2. In practical terms
The dissertation analyzes and assesses the current status of
sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa in terms of economy,
society and environment in recent years with the established target
system; applying the Holsat model to assess the satisfaction of
tourists in order to consolidate the status of sustainable tourism
development in Khanh Hoa in recent years; assessing the
sustainability of Khanh Hoa tourism development in terms of
economy, society and environment by expert method.
The thesis uses expert method to assess cause limitation, on
that basis, 9 synchronous solutions have been built to contribute to
the development of Khanh Hoa tourism towards sustainability in the
coming time. With developed solutions, the author uses expert
methods to evaluate the feasibility and evaluate the importance of
each solution.
1.7 Layout of the thesis: Including 05 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of the research problem; Chapter 2:
Basic theoretical of sustainable tourism development; Chapter 3:
Research Design; Chapter 4: Research results; Chapter 5: Some
solutions to sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
8

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
CHAPTER 2: BASIS THEORY OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT
2.1 Some concepts related to sustainable tourism development
2.1.1 Travel
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO,
2002) “Tourism includes all activities of temporary travelers for the
purposes of visiting, exploring and exploring, experiencing or for the
purpose of rest, recreation, relaxation as well as job and other
purposes for a continuous period but not for more than one year
outside of a settlement habitat but excluding people whose primary
purpose is to make money” .
2.1.2 Sustainable development
According to Clause 4, Article 3, Law on Environmental
Protection (2014), the point of sustainable development is shown:
“Sustainable development is development to meet the needs of the
current generation without harming the ability to meet the needs
future generations on the basis of a close and harmonious
combination between economic growth, ensuring social progress and
environmental protection”.
2.1.3 The relationship between tourism and sustainable development
2.1.4 Sustainable tourism development
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO,
1992) definition given at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, “Sustainable
tourism is the development of tourism activities in response to the
current needs of tourists and indigenous peoples while remaining
concerned with the conservation and improvement of resources for
future tourism development. Sustainable tourism will have a resource
management plan to satisfy the economic, social, and aesthetic needs
of people while maintaining cultural integrity and biodiversity, the
development of ecosystems and systems that support human life”.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
9

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
2.2 Model of sustainable development and sustainable tourism
development
2.2.1 Sustainable development model
The model of sustainable development researched in the thesis
includes: Model of the Council on World Environment and
Sustainable Development, Jacobs and Sadler's Model, World Bank
Model, Villen's Model , Developmental prism model, Egg model.
2.2.2 Model of sustainable tourism development
Based on the synthesis of research models and based on the
reality of tourism development in Khanh Hoa, the author applies a
model of sustainable tourism development according to three pillars
that are sustainable tourism development in terms of economy,
society and environment in the context of changing institutions and
policies of the sector to assess the current situation of tourism
development in Khanh Hoa in the past time from the perspective of
sustainability.
2.3. Roles and principles of sustainable tourism development
2.3.1. The role of tourism sustainable development
Sustainable tourism development helps local / national
economic growth and development; Sustainable tourism
development helps solving social problems; Sustainable tourism
development helps solving environment problems.
2.3.2. Principles of sustainable tourism development
Sustainable tourism development according to strategy,
planning, and planning with focus and focus; Sustainable tourism
development is associated with the preservation and promotion of the
value of the national cultural heritages and natural resources,
exploiting the available advantages of each locality and
strengthening regional linkages; Ensuring national sovereignty,
national defense and security, social order and safety, enhance the
expansion of foreign relations and international integration, in order
to promote the image, the country and the people; Ensuring the
national interests, community interests, legitimate rights and interests

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
10

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
of tourists, organizations and individuals doing tourism business;
Developing both domestic and international tourism at the same
time, respect and treat all tourists equally.
2.4. Factors affecting sustainable tourism development
2.4.1. Group of external factors
First, the strong development of the world tourism industry;
Second, tourism demand tends to increase; Third, the trend of shifting
visitor flows from Europe and America to the Asia-Pacific region.
2.4.2. Group of internal factors
First, tourism resources of Khanh Hoa; Second, the increasing
of international tourists (Russia and China); Third, the need to
improve the quality of tourism services in Khanh Hoa; Fourth,
tourism development policy of Khanh Hoa; Fifth, the participation of
tourism businesses, the government; Sixth, the development of
tourism infrastructure.
2.5. Sustainable tourism development assessment
2.5.1. Machado's Tourism Sustainable Development Assessment
Machado (2003), approved a comparative list of criteria that
are considered indicators of sustainable and unsustainable
development in tourism development.
2.5.2. Assessment of sustainable tourism development according to
UNWTO's set of indicators
The World Tourism Organization mentions 12 basic issues
and 29 basic indicators for sustainable tourism of tourist attractions.
The basics for sustainable tourism can be applied to all regions and
all types of tourism around the world, but the set of indicators for
each issue needs to be adjusted to special conditions of the region or
country on which the sustainability of tourism is assessed.
2.5.3. Tourism sustainable Development Assessment by Tanguay et
al. Tanguay et al. (2013) have presented 20 indicators of
sustainable tourism development.
2.5.4. Assess the sustainability of tourism activities based on
capacity

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
11

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
Determining the capacity of the tourist attractions, to see how
many tourists the venue is capable of receiving. If the number of
tourists to visit regularly exceeds the capacity, it will lead to serious
environmental degradation and unsustainable development of
tourism.
2.6. Experience in sustainable tourism development in the world
and in Vietnam
2.6.1. Experience in sustainable tourism development of some
countries in the world
Experience in sustainable tourism development in Jeju Island
(Korea); Experience in sustainable tourism development in Bali
(Indonesia); Japan's sustainable tourism development experience.
2.6.2 Experience in sustainable tourism development of some
provinces in the Vietnam
Experience in tourism development in Da Nang; Experience in
tourism development in Vung Tau; Experience in tourism
development of Quang Ninh.
2.6.3. Lessons for Khanh Hoa tourism development
Diversifying local specific tourism products, improving
service quality. Investment in developing tourism products not only
in terms of quantity but also in terms of quality and reasonable price,
that product is not an ordinary product but must have its own
characteristics and advantages. That is the only way to stimulate
discovery, enjoyment and prevent boredom that is easy for the
tourism industry. Ensuring security and keeping the environment in
good state, creating a good and satisfied impression on visitors.
Developing community-based tourism, creating linkages, promoting
tourism potentials and strengths of localities in the province, helping
to create jobs and improve the quality of life for local communities.
Creating a favorable environment and conditions for business
enterprises and local communities to develop tourism, shortening
administrative procedures.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
12

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH
DESIGN 3.1 Approaching methods
The thesis approaches from a theoretical framework of
sustainable development based on the synthesis and interdisciplinary
nature of tourism associated with the local tourism development
practice in the past time to solve specific problems in the thesis.
3.2 Research procedure
The research procedure is designed through five steps to
achieve the general and specific objectives of the research.
3.3 Research methods
The thesis uses document collection method, descriptive
statistics method, comparative method to implement the research
objectives of the thesis.
3.4 Data analysic and processing method
3.4.1 Historical-logical method
To collect information and data of scientific and practical
value that the author can inherit and apply to the research topic of
sustainable tourism development.
3.4.2 Meta-analysis method
Used in studying the current situation of sustainable tourism
development in Khanh Hoa province in the period 2011 - 2019 3.4.3
Expert method
To consolidate the evidence for the study.
3.4.4 Method of data processing to evaluate tourists’ satisfaction
before and after visiting Khanh Hoa
Research methods are used to solve the specific research
objectives: Using qualitative research methods to: (1) Develop
criteria to assess the current status of Khanh Hoa tourism
development towards sustainability; (2) Implement the development
of criteria for assessing visitor satisfaction.
Using quantitative research methods to: (1) Investigate and
survey actual data from experts; tourists; (2) Analysis of primary

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
13

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
data survey results using SPSS and Excel software; (3) Systematic
statistics and analysis of primary data; (4) Analysis of expert
assessment results on limitations and causes; evaluate the importance
and feasibility of the proposed solution.
CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS
4.1. Characteristics of Khanh Hoa tourism affecting the
sustainable development of tourism
The advantages of natural conditions, socio-economic
conditions, potential of natural resources, socio-cultural resources,
have great imoact on contributing to improve the status of Khanh
Hoa tourism image. Hoa, contributing to the socio-economic
development of the province, worthy of being a key economic sector
that creates many values and benefits not only in terms of economy
but also in socio-cultural aspects, promoting the advantages together
with the development with conservation and embellishment towards
sustainable development in the present and in the future.
4.2. Situation of sustainable tourism development Khanh Hoa in
the recent years (period 2011-2019)
4.2.1. Assessing the current situation of sustainable tourism
development from an economic perspective
4.2.1.1. Number of visitors
Total arrivals to Khanh Hoa in the period 2011-2019 had an
average growth rate of 15.7%, of which domestic visitors increased
8.89%, international visitors increased 29.87%. The proportion of
international tourists and domestic tourists tended to be balanced.
4.2.1.2. Mechanism of visitors
The total number of international visitors over the years
increased with an average annual growth rate of 29.87%, of which
the number of visitor from China grew the most.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
14

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
4.2.1.3. Length of staying
The average length of staying of domestic and international
visitors remains stable and increases, however the average length of
staying fluctuates 2 days/domestic visitor and 3 days/international
visitor.
4.2.1.4. Expenditure of visitors
The period 2011-2019 shows: The average expenditure of
visitors are relatively stable over the years, but with a low level of
spending and a slight decrease.
4.2.1.5. Tourism revenue
The total tourism revenue over the years has increased with an
average growth rate of 21.32%. The increase in tourism revenue
contributes to making Khanh Hoa tourism a key economic sector of
the province.
4.2.1.6. Proportion of revenue from tourism
Khanh Hoa GRDP and the rate of revenue from tourism
services over the years both tend to increase. The GRDP has an
average growth rate of 11.9% while the revenue from tourism
services has an average growth rate of 21.32%, faster than the
growth rate of GRDP.
4.2.1.7. Tourism infrastructure
The tourism infrastructure has basically met the needs for
tourism activities but there are still some shortcomings that need to
be overcome.
4.2.1.8. Proportion of investment in the tourism industry
The average growth rate of investment capital in tourism is
14.31%, but the proportion of investment capital for tourism in the
total investment capital has decreased slightly in the following year
compared to the previous year..
4.2.1.9. The level of satisfaction of visitors
For international visitors, there are 3 attributes which make them
unsatisfied: (11) Service prices are not clearly listed; (15) There

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
15

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
are not many restaurants, entertainment and shopping centers, (16)
Difficulty in enjoying local specialties. Tourists also showed a high
agreement for two negative attributes of Khanh Hoa tourism: (28)
Overcrowding of tourists at sites and (27) Too many Chinese tourists.
For domestic tourists, there are 4 attributes that tourists are not
satisfied are: (5) The people are not friendly nor hospitable; (7) Folk
festivals, sea festivals are not attractive; (11) Service prices are not
clearly listed and (18) There are not many sea entertainment
activities. Negative reviews highly agreed by visitors are (29) Lack
of information on tourism promotional (27) There are many Chinese
tourists.
4.2.1.10 Assessing the sustainability of Khanh Hoa tourism
development by expert method from an economic perspective
Evaluating the sustainability of tourism development in Khanh
Hoa by expert method also gave similar results as the analysis and
assessment of the current situation of tourism development from an
economic perspective.
4.2.2. Assessing the current situation of sustainable tourism
development from a social perspective
4.2.2.1. The employment rate in the tourism industry
Labor in service of tourism has an average growth rate of
5.56%, faster than the total labor force of the whole province with an
average growth rate of 4.27%, showing the increase of labor force in
quantity.
4.2.2.2. Quality of employment in the tourism industry
The quantity and quality of labor basically meet the needs of
tourism activities.
4.2.2.3. Visitor safety and maintaining security
According to the results of the visitor satisfaction survey, the
visitor safety index has the average perceived value of 3.89 higher
than the expected average value of 3.8. This shows that visitors feel
safe while traveling in Khanh Hoa.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
16

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
4.3.2.4. The level of community participation in tourism
Local communities participate in tourism activities through the
forms of homestay, traditional craft villages.
4.2.2.5 Levels of conservation of heritage and maintenance of
cultural objects and biodiversity
Heritages, cultural objects and biodiversity are supported with
funds to maintain restoration and conservation annually.
4.2.2.6 Evaluating the sustainability of Khanh Hoa tourism
development by expert methods from a social perspective
Comparing with the evaluation of sustainability from an
economic perspective, the overall average evaluation of
sustainability from a social perspective is higher, and at the same
time, this result is similar to the analysis and assessment of the
current situation of tourism development. from a social perspective.
4.2.3. Assess the current status of sustainable tourism
development from an environmental perspective
4.2.3.1. The level of air pollution
Facing with the growth of tourist arrivals, the density of the
infrastructure is increasingly, the congestion traffic can cause air
pollution in the near future.
4.2.3.2. Waste treatment
Some tourist sites do not have a waste treatment system,
causing negative impact on the environmental landscape as well as
the health of tourists and local communities.
4.2.3.3. Quality of marine environment and landscape
With this high speed of tourism development, if there is no
solution to limit the negative impacts, the pollution of the marine
environment, landscape quality may occur in the future.
4.2.3.4 Evaluating the sustainability of tourism development in
Khanh Hoa by expert method from an environmental perspective
Comparing with the evaluation of sustainability from an
economic and social perspective, many indicators of unsustainability

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
17

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
from an environmental perspective have appeared. This result proves
the arguments about contradictions in development in general and
tourism development in particular, in which there are always two
sides of the development process. If the province gives priority to
economic development without paying attention to environmental
and social issues, the phenomenon of unsustainability will appear
and have a long-term impact on the overall sustainability of the
industry development.
4.2.4. Evaluating the capacity of some tourist spots
Table 4.19: Capacity at Po Nagar temple, Chong Promontory and
Nha Trang Bay Marine Protected Area
Chong
Nha Trang Bay
Po Nagar temple Marine Protected
Criteria Promontory
Area
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
Natural area (m
2
) 17.683 17.683 29.174 29.174 37.800 37.800
Tourism area (m
2
) 5.305 5.305 11.670 11.670 26.460 26.460
Rotation factor 10 10 8 8 8 8
Individual standard (m
2
) 4 4 10 10 25 25
Sunshine ratio 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42
Rain ratio 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25
Tour guide 8 10 4 5 14 18
Physical carrying capacity 13.262 13.262 9.336 9.336 8.467 8.467
(visitor/day)
Real Carrying Cappacity 5.769 5.769 4.061 4.061 3.683 3.683
(visitor/day)
Effective carrying capacity 1.200 1.500 480 601 1.680 2.158
(visitor/day)
Meeting the demand 20,8% 26% 11,8 % 14,8 % 45,6 % 58,6 %
Number of visitor 3.908 5.471 1.798 3.506 3.471 4.162
(visitor/day)
Overloaded (visitor/day) (2.708) (3.971) (1.318) (2.905) (1.791) (2.004)
Comparing reality with RCC 1.861 298 2.263 555 212 (479)
Source: Khanh Hoa Department of Tourism and the
author’s calculation

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
18

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
4.3. General assessment of the current status of sustainable
tourism development in Khanh Hoa in recent years
4.3.1. Achievement
The revenue growth rate has increased steadily over the
years, contributing to the state budget revenue, creating jobs for local
communities; Attract the participation of local communities in
tourism activities; Budget revenue from tourism contributes to the
conservation and restoring of historical relics and promote local
cultural values.
4.3.2. The shortcomings and their causes
The mechanism of the source of tourists is not diverse; The
tourist's length of stay and expenditure is low; Infrastructure is not
synchronous; The quantity and quality of labor are still low;
Community participation in tourism development is limited; The
tourism environment is not really guaranted.
4.3.2.1. Result of expert method on the shortcomings and their
causes
Results of the research show that the causes leading to the
limitation are highly agreed by experts with the average score from
6,702 to 7,620, higher than the average score of 5.5.
4.3.2.2. The order of importance of the shortcomings in tourism
development in Khanh Hoa in recent years
The results of expert assessment show that the biggest
limitation for Khanh Hoa's tourism industry in recent years is the
undiversified structure of the tourist source, which is reflected in the
dependence on a few certain tourist markets. The quality of labor in
the tourism industry is not guaranteed; Community participation in
sustainable tourism development is limited; Investment in tourism
infrastructure has not been synchronized; Tourism environment has
not been paid proper attention; The length of stay and spending of
tourists is low.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
19

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
4.3.2.3. The order of importance of the causes of limitations in
tourism development in Khanh Hoa in recent years
For limitation 1, the main reason is passive in tourism
planning, management and promotion (average score is 7.2) and
inappropriate tourism propaganda, promotion and promotion. , little
innovation (7).
For limitation 2, the main reason is that the services attached
to the accommodation facility do not guarantee the best conditions
(7,14); Lack of diversity, characteristics and attractiveness in tourism
products (7.02) and The focus on investment in accommodation
facilities in the city center causes traffic jams, air pollution, systems
handling is not guaranteed (6,92).
For limitation 3, the main reason is that investment in
infrastructure has only focused on investment in accommodation
facilities, not paid much attention in investment in diversifying types
of tourism products (7.62) and The accompanying infrastructure is
not guaranteed, there is a lack of proper investment in tourist
attractions, linking tourist areas, entertainment setups, resorts
combined with shopping (7.46).
For limitation 4, the main reason is that the rate of income
from tourism over the years is always lower than the employment
rate in the tourism industry (7.38) and The shortage of highly skilled
and specialized human resources, lack of professional skills and
foreign language communication (7,28).
For limitation 5, the main reason is the sense of responsibility
in the work of protecting and preserving the tourism business
environment of the tourism businesses and the low awareness of
tourists (7,16) and the participation in the tourism business. The
participation of local communities in tourism activities is limited
(7,12).
For limitation 6, the main reason is Load capacity, the
intensity of activities at some tourist attractions has exceeded the

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
20

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
limit at times, affecting tourism resources and environmental
pollution (7,26); Overexploitation of natural resources, marine
resources affects biodiversity, territorial integrity, ecosystems are
increasingly degraded (7.08) and some tourist attractions have not
yet been discovered. have a waste treatment system (7.04).
CHAPTER 5: SOLUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM OF KHANH HOA
5.1. Perspective and goals of Khanh Hoa tourism development
5.1.1 Perspective on sustainable tourism development
Firstly, Tourism development must be consistent with local
socio-economic development orientations and consistent with other
relevant sectoral and field plannings in the locality.
Secondly, Developing tourism to becomes a true spearhead
economic sector in the direction of sustainability.
Third, develop tourism based on internal resources, with focal
point, focusing on growth quality and professionalism, diversifying
tourism products along with prioritizing the development of specific
tourism products, branding and enhancing the competitiveness of the
destination.
Fourth, tourism development is inseparable from the
objectives of ensuring national defense - security and social order
and safety.
Fifth, developing tourism in close and substantive linkages
with other provinces in the South Central Coast region and key
tourist areas to maximize potentials and common strengths in
tourism.
5.1.2. Khanh Hoa tourism development goals
Khanh Hoa has become the tourist center of the South Central
Coast region, a high-class, attractive tourist destination with high
competitiveness not only in the country but also in the region and

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
21

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
internationally. By 2030, Khanh Hoa will be a province with a
developed tourism industry.
5.1.3 SWOT analysis
SWOT analysis aims to synthesize opportunities, threats,
strengths and weaknesses from which, propose some strategic
solutions in Khanh Hoa tourism development in the coming time.
5.2 Solutions to sustainable development in tourism of Khanh
Hoa.
5.2.1 Solutions to sustainable development in tourism of Khanh
Hoa
Based on the results of analysis and assessment of the current
situation of tourism development in Khanh Hoa over the past time,
besides the achievements that have been achieved, Khanh Hoa
tourism industry still has certain limitations. To overcome these
limitations, the author proposes a number of solutions to contribute
to the sustainable development of Khanh Hoa tourism in the coming
time, specifically:(1) Improving tourism infrastructure, (2) Protecting
tourism resources and environment, (3) Create a stable and
sustainable source of visitors,(4) Diversify typical tourism products,
(5) Enhancing responsibility and participation, (6) Developing the
workforce, (7) Increasing tourism promotion activities, regional
cooperation, expanding markets, (8) Developing mechanisms and
policies for the protection of local environmental resources, (9)
Increasing the restoration of historical and cultural monuments, and
developing traditional festivals.
5.2.2 Preliminary evaluating the solutions for sustainable
tourism development in Khanh Hoa in the coming time
Research results show that: Regarding the criterion of
importance of solutions: all solutions have a high average score from
4.2 to 4.48, higher than the rating of 3.5 on scale 1. -5. Regarding the
performance criterion of the solution, the average score from 6.44 to
7.22 is higher than the rating of 5.5 on the scale of 1-10.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
22

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
5.2.3 Evaluating the importance of the proposed solutions
The solutions should focus on implementation for sustainable
development of Khanh Hoa tourism industry in order of priority: (1)
Investment in tourism infrastructure; (2) Protection of tourism
resources and environment; (3) Create a stable and sustainable
source of visitors; (4) Diversify typical tourism products; (5)
Strengthen and enhance the responsibility and ability of the
community to participate in the tourism development process; (6)
Human resource development; (7) Strengthening tourism promotion,
regional cooperation, search and market expansion; (8) Develop
mechanisms and policies for the protection of natural resources and
environment in the locality; (9) Strengthening and embellishing
historical and cultural relics, developing traditional festivals.
5.2.4 Evaluating the ability of implementing the proposed
solutions in the coming time
The solution "Strengthening tourism promotion, regional
cooperation, search and market expansion" is the most feasible for
Khanh Hoa tourism industry. The next solutions are embellishing
historical and cultural relics, developing traditional festivals and
solutions for developing human resources for the tourism industry.
Although the solution on investment in tourism infrastructure is of
the highest importance, its feasibility is only average compared to
other solutions. The solution "Building mechanisms and policies for
the protection of local resources and environment" is assessed by
experts as having the lowest feasibility among the proposed
solutions.
5.3 Some recommendations
5.3.1 For the Government and the Central Commitee
Loosen visa policy, simplify visa and e-visa procedures.
Develop a tourism development strategy in Khanh Hoa
province as a gateway for tourism links with the Central Highlands
and the provinces of Phu Yen and Ninh Thuan.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
23

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
Support the promotion activities to promote Khanh Hoa
destinations, organize annual national and international promotional
events.
5.3.2 For the local government
Strengthen the direction of the Provincial People's Committee
with the departments in the process of formulating and implementing
strategies related to tourism development.
CONCLUSION
The thesis has analyzed the current situation of Khanh Hoa
tourism, showing strong points such as (1) The revenue growth rate
has steadily increased over the years, (2) Tourism development has
attracted the participation of the local community, (3) Budget
revenues from tourism contribute to the conservation and restoration
of historical relics, promoting local cultural values. At the same time,
it also pointed out the limitations such as, (1) The structure of the
source of tourists is not diverse, (2) The length of stay and the
expenditure of tourists is low, (3) The infrastructure is not
synchronized, (4) The number of labors is insufficient, the quality of
the labor force is low, (5) The participation of the community in
tourism development is limited, (6) The tourism environment is not
yet guaranteed.
The thesis proposes 9 solutions contributing to the sustainable
development of Khanh Hoa tourism and make Khanh Hoa tourism a
destination not only for the whole country but also for the region and
the world.

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
24

VIETKHOALUAN.COM
0917.193.864
LIST OF AUTHOR'S WORKS
[1]. Hồ Thị Châu, 2017. Improving the quality of human resources in
tourism development in Khanh Hoa province. Economy and
Forecase review magazine – Ministry of Planning and
Investment, No. 34, p. 80-82.
[2]. Hồ Thị Châu, 2019. Building indicators for assessment of
sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa province.
Proceedings of the 6th
National Conference on Business and
Management Science COMB 2017, 978-604-84-2715-3, p.315-
323
[3] Hồ Thị Châu, 2020. Research on domestic tourists' satisfaction
with the Khanh Hoa destination. Central Vietnamese Review of
Social Sciences, No. 5, p.22-27.
[4] GS.TS Nguyễn Trường Sơn, Hồ Thị Châu, 2020. The assessment
of the carrying capacity of tourist destinations in Khanh Hoa.
Journal of Economics Asia – Pacific, No. 579, p.13-15.
[5] GS.TS Nguyễn Trường Sơn, Hồ Thị Châu, 2020. Assessing the
status of sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa from
an economic perspective. Economy and Forecast Review
magazine – Ministry of Planning and Investment, No. 36, p.117-
120.
[6] Hồ Thị Châu, 2021. Assessing the sustainability of Khanh Hoa
tourism development by expert method. National Scientific
Conference proceeding, p.574-585.

Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province

Similar to Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province (20)

More from sividocz

More from sividocz (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province