Dutch East Indies (siomai)

2. The Dutch in the East Indies

3. Geographical Location of the Dutch East Indies

4. The Dutch East India CompanyThe Dutch East India Company
➢Established the foundation of their colonial empire in the East Indies
through the agency of their East India Company.
➢At first Dutch Indies and both protestant nations, cooperated in wrestling
control of the east Indies from Portuguese.
➢Increasing rivalry developed between the Dutch and the English.
➢Expulsion of the British from Amboyna in 1623 by the Dutch.
➢Thereafter, the British, abandoned the archipelago to their Dutch rivals.
➢Headquarters found in Batavi, near the western end of Java
.

5. The Dutch Commercial Activities
➢Primarily commercial in nature.
➢From 1602 to 1798, the Dutch East India Company had complete
control over colonial matters in the east Indies.
➢It entrusted the direct control over the people in the areas to economize
in the costof administration and to increase it's profits.
➢It controlled to local chieftains.
➢Company did not interfere the way of life.
➢The fluctuating amount of tribute demanded by the company at varios
times is added to the hardships of the natives.
➢Company would suddenly require an increase in the amount of tribute if
there was a greater demand than usual for these products in Europe.

6. The Dissolution of the Company
➢
In the 18th
century,the company had sunk hopelessly in debt as a result
of mismanagement and graft.
➢Officials of the company were more interested to build up their own
fortunes than to serve the interest of their government.
➢In 1798, the government took over the assets and liabilities of the
Dutch East India
.
➢Two years later it was formally dissolve, after almost centuries of
existence.

7. The East Indies Under Daendels and Raffles
➢Netherlands was occupied by the revolutionary forces of the French
Republic which had invaded the country three years before
➢Netherlands became vassal Kingdom of the French Empire and Louise
Bonaparte.
➢Brother of Napoleon was installed as King.
➢In 1807,he appointed Marshall Herman Willem DaendelsMarshall Herman Willem Daendels as governor-
general of the dutch possessions in the East Indies.
➢Daendels was a Dutch revolutionary hero who had serve d under
Napoleon.
➢He proved to capable administrator, for as soon as arrived in Java.
➢1808, he instituted reforms intended to improved the administration of
government the material welfare of the natives.

8. Marshall Herman Willem Daendels

9. ➢He dismissed corruptofficials and reduced the powers of the native
rulers.
➢He built highways and promoted widespread cultivation of coffee.
➢1811,the British, who were at war with Napoleon, seized the Dutch
East Indies.
➢During the period of British rule , the administrator of the East Indies
was placed in the hands of Sir Thomas StamfordRaffles.Sir Thomas StamfordRaffles.
➢
RafflesRaffles was one of the most enlightened colonial administrator to see
service in the Far East .
➢Attempt to introduce sweeping reform in the East Indies.
➢Among his radical innovationhs were the abolition of the feudal system
of administrations in local affairs, the established the freedom of trade
and the reorganization of the administrative machinery.

10. Sir Thomas Stamford RafflesSir Thomas Stamford Raffles

11. ➢Unfortunately the restoration of of the East Indies to the Dutch
following the close of Napoleonic Wars put an end to most of the
reforms instituted by Sir Raffles.

12. ➢Provided that a village set aside a fifth of it's cultivable land for the production of
export crops.
➢Crops were to be delivered to the government in lieu of tax.
➢Land rent land rent was to continue at the same time as a complimentary part of
the system and as a measure of the amount to be produced by each village.
➢If a village through, the growing of export crops on a fifth of its land, returned an
amount in excess of the land rent and would bereimbursed to the extent of the
excess; on the otherhand, if a village produced less than the assed amount of land
rent , it would have to make up the difference.
The Cultivation SystemThe Cultivation System

13. Johannes van den Bosch

14. Cultivation SystemCultivation System
➢1830
➢Introduced by Johannes van den Bosch
➢Required that villagers to set aside one-fifth of their land to grow export
crops (e.g., coffee, sugar)
➢66 days of labour were required to the landless.
➢Transportations was difficult and time-consuming.
➢In case of crop failure,the people were left responsible for the loss

15. Cultivation System in Dutch East Indies:Cultivation System in Dutch East Indies:

16. Edward DeckerEdward Decker
LocationLocation
 United States
 Belgium
 Greater New York City Area
 Baltimore, Maryland Area
 Greater Philadelphia Area

17. The Cultivation SystemThe Cultivation System
➢Evils of the cultivation systems eventually
came to the attention of the people of
Holland.
➢
Edward DeckerEdward Decker , exposing the inequities of
the culture system roused up public indignition
in Holland.
➢An Agrarian Law was passed in 1870
gradually abolishing sytem.

18. R.E ElsonR.E Elson

19. ➢The impact of t6he cultivation system on the standard of living of
indigenous Javanese has in recent years been disputed .
➢R.E Elson . Among others , has argued that the cultivation system
directly contributed to t5he impoverishment of Javanese peasants,but
indirectly improved their standard of living.
➢
20th
century in the Dutch East Indies witnessed rapid increased in
population as well as a marked developmment in the material prosperity
of the region.
➢The government became a prrotector of the natives from exploitation
rather bthan a participant in business as was the case in the cculture
system.
➢Under Dutch leadership, the Natural Resources of the islands were
utilized to advantage and the import and export trade grow to large
dimension.

20. Prepared by:
Ms. Beverly B. Mendoza