Impact of Interstate Bus terminal on the Builtform of Residential Neighbourhood- a case of Lucknow by Ar. Shivika Mehrotra

Impact of ISBT on Built Form of Residential
Neighborhood
M.Arch II Yr. III Sem Session 2018-19
Faculty of Architecture
Shivika Mehrotra
Roll No. 1705185012
Supervisor: Prof. Subhrajit Banerjee
Co- Supervisor: Prof .Sankha Shubra Nath
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University,Lucknow

2
Introduction
Contents
Transportation
Shivika Mehrotra(12)
Need for the study
Key Factor In
Economic
Development
Life Easy Supply Goods
Changes Life Transport
Transformati
on Rural to
Urban
Lifeline to
Surrounding
Zones
Impacts the
Surrounding
Built Form.
Urbanization
Sectors- Formal,
Informal, Public etc.
Facing Challenges
& Difficulties.
Transportation Easy Approach Agglomeration
Transportation
Lack of Facility &
Crises
Change in Built
Form
1. Andrew Guthrie, Yingling Fan (2016, October),103 -114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.04.002
2. Paul Chorus, Luca Bertolini (2011, Springs).The journal of transport and land use, 45-58. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v4i1.145
Figure 1.1: Transportation as important Part (Source: Author)
Figure 1.2 Problems caused by Transportation (Source: Author)
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Literature Findings
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
8. Comparison 2010 &
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
Introduction
Contents
Location of
the Problem
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
Introduction
Contents
Intensity of the Problem
• Area being the centre of all the
activities, yet is ignored at the
neighbourhood level by the
Decision makers. This creates a
void between the government
and the citizens.
• Question arises, Change in the
built form?
Joran Sanders BSc (2015, May15). Linking station area node- and place functions to traffic flow a case study of the
Tokyu Den-En Toshi line in Tokyo, Japan: Yakohama University
Economic
Background
Use of
Building
Household
Floor area Land Values
Built Forms Constitutes
Scope of the study
• The study has been limited to 500n from ISBT.
• Limited to the Unplanned Residential neighborhoods.
• To find the impact, because of High Court, and then relate it to the
upcoming impacts based on the certain independent and dependent
variables.
Aim
“To study and analyze the impact of ISBT on the Built form
of nearby Neighborhood Residential areas, Lucknow.”
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
Introduction
Contents
Research Question
• Does a major transportation node impart any change on the existing built form
of adjoining residential areas?
• What parameters would guide the future impact for a particular sector of such
development?
Hypothesis
“The upcoming transportation nodes will have direct impact on phenomenon of
change of built form in the adjacent residential areas.”
Objective of the Study
• To find what are the types of Impact because of Inter State Bus Terminal?
• To study Present Impact is because of High Court, Polytechnic, BBD University
etc. Subsequently findings to find the Added Impact for Inter State Bus Terminal
which will be added to the present Impact.
• Study the feasibility report and project the factors.
• Co-relate the factors with the parameters.
• Project the parameters in form of quantity or quality.
• Recommendation in the form of Spatial level and at the policy level.
Source: By Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

6
Introduction
Study Methodology
Delineating the
study area along
500m radius of
ISBT in Lucknow
Detail out the topic
Study of the area
in terms of across
timeline series
Reconnaissance
the change of the
area
Identification of
major issues/
problems
Literature Review
To study Previous
works/ Report, Govt.
proposals & master
plan of the area.
Identification of
parameters of
development
Identification of Indicators
Identification of Variables
Determination of scope
& Limitation of study
Formulation of draft
questionnaire
Delphi Technique
Finalization of final
Questionnaire
Sampling using Random
Stratified Sampling Method
Survey
Collection of
Secondary Data
Data Compilation
in Standardization
Analysis of Data
Finding out Correlation
among the factors
Interrelation
method to find
out Impact ;
Variables
Recommend
ation in
policy level &
spatial level
Total Outcome
Identification of
the study area
Source: By Author

7
Literature Review
Docherty, I., and MacKinnon, D. (2013) ) Transport and economic development. In: Rodrigue, J.P., Notteboom, T. and Shaw, J.
(eds.). The Sage Handbook of Transport Studies. SAGE, London, UK. ISBN 9781849207898
Contents
Inter State Bus Terminal
ISBT serves as a point of –
• Concentration
• Dispersion
• Loading/unloading of the passengers
• Interchange of mode
• Storage of passengers and vehicles
• Maintenance of vehicles
• Facilities and amenities for the users and crew
• Documentation of movement
• Information system
• Integration of various systems of
transportation
Figure 1.3 Better Transportation, Better City
(Source: Author)
Improves city
Functions
Improves
Infrastructure
Social
Cultural
Commercial
Economic
Industrial
Transforms City
Better Organized
Transportation
Hierarchy in terminals, & therefore facilities.
Changes as per hierarchy changes.
• Nodes are the focus of passenger activity, which
have potential ingredient for a vibrant city space.
• It attracts level of passenger, business and retail
functions, which generates secondary footfall.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

8
Literature Review
Function of Inter State Bus Terminal
Bus Entry Passenger Entry Staff Entry Visitors Entry
Parking/Local Public
Transport Stop
Off Loading
Bays
Arrival
Concourse
Office
Pantry
Drinking Water
ToiletBus Bays
Enquiry
Ticket counter
Reservation Counter
Canteen
Drinking Water
Toilet
Loading
Bays
Parking  Bus Staff
Room
Work Shop Fuel station
EXIT 1 EXIT 2
Bus Flow
Arrival
Passenger Flow
Staff Flow
Visitor Flow
Departure
passenger flow
Source: Author

9
Literature Review
Sonia E. Díaz, José M. de Ureña, Cecilia Ribalaygua (2012).Transport Interchanges Effects on their Surroundings in Tunja
(Colombia) and Cordoba (Spain): A Comparative Approach. The Open Geography Journal, 5, 38-47.
Contents
What are the factors for making the ISBT?
What is Impact Analysis?
• Identifying- consequences of a change.
• Estimate- to be modified to accomplish a change and
• Focus- scoping changes.
• Analyses- impact of change in the area.
• Information- area affected.
• Impact-Analysed on test & phenomenon.
• Identifies- possible risks in the area.
• How area affects people- satisfaction and influences.
• Proposed changes- to carry out the change.
• Area to mitigate- risks of consequences & develop strategies.
Figure 2.1 Factors for making the ISBT (Source: Author)
Public Transport
Better Life
Enhance level of service
Future Demand Estimation
Passenger Demand
Ancillary facilities
Need of Society
Connections
Connectivity
Function
Infrastructure Requirement
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
0
Literature Review
Todd Litman (2017, July 18). Land Use Impact Costs of Transportation, World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1995, pp.
9-16
Chapter-5 Transportation Network Development and Algorithm (2011, August 12) NPTEL Web Course.
Contents
Impact Analysis Techniques
There are three Impact Analysis techniques that are classified below:
• Trace Technique
• Dependency Technique
• Experiential Technique
Built Form of Residential Neighborhood
The focus is to give an explanation of “Built Form”, focal point of this research.
The definitions are listed by many of the researchers:
• Built form as a product of human choice.
• Built form as an arrangement of parts and as a whole
• Built form as interpretation
• Built forms also have significance in terms of exchange value.
• Built forms includes, spaces that are defined and bounded, but not
necessarily enclosed, such as uncovered areas in compound, plaza, street.
• Built form is the material in an arrangement i.e. choice of using a particular
material for a particular purpose for a particular place.
• To explain a given built form it is necessary to see it in its human context,
natural context & built context.
• The relation between built and un-built forms
• Urban areas include more built versus un-built forms as rural areas.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
1
Literature Review
Contents
Composition of Built Form
2.5a
a b
1.5b
c
1.8c 2d
d
2a
a
New Construction (2010 onwards; Ismailganj)
Source: Author
Type of Built Form
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
2
Literature Review
Contents
Major Encroachment on the Road
Composition of New Settlements along Street
a
3a
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
3
Literature Review
Contents
Composition of New Settlements along Street
Composition of old Settlements along Street
4.5 m wide Street
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
4
Literature Review
Integrated Land Use and Transportation (https://www.planning.org.au/documents/item/281)
Hank Dittmar(2008). Transport and neighborhoods, United Kingdom: Black Dog Publishing.
Contents
Probable Changes in the Built Form
Economic processes and
more specifically the global
reach of building forms.
The reach of
global cultural
flows
The migration
of the highly
skilled.
Change in structure
Change in activity
Centrality change
phase transition
units splits
generate revenues.
Land value
growth
Building Use
ownership
household size
unstable
economic expectancies.
Old Built Forms
character
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
5
Literature Review
Land Use Impacts Report
(https://media.metro.net/projects_studies/east_sfv/images/deisdeir/Apps/Appendix_H_Land_Use_Impacts_Report_Jul2016)
Contents
How Built Form gets impacted by Transportation Node?
• Increase in the informal activities.
• Activities get centralized and form some kind of activity pattern.
• The growth pattern also changes.
• Migration
• Hike in land values.
• Increase in density.
• Increase in housing demand.
• Commercial, recreational spaces etc.
• Up-liftment in the infrastructure.
• Change in Building use.
• subtraction or addition in the building
• Affects the streets
• Road behaves or works as an edge.
• Change in social, economic, political, and cultural factors
Relevance of Impact on Built Form due to Introduction of ISBT.
• As Neighborhoods have inter dependency as well as intra dependency on the
transportation node that is Inter State Bus Terminal.
• The transformation started from Residential to Commercial, Residential to
Mix- use.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
6
Literature Findings
Paul Chorus, Luca Bertolini (2011, Springs).The journal of transport and land use, 45-58. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v4i1.145
Andrew Guthrie, Yingling Fan (2016, October),103 -114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.04.002
Contents
S.N
O.
Area of Study Major Findings
1. Impact on
Neighborhood
Built Form
• Locational impact on Development of the
Neighbourhood.
• Decentralization because of ISBT integration
(Linear Activities).
• Change in Activity Corridor.
• Effect on Commercial factors ( large and small
business) like start up to medium business, and
medium to large business.
• Expansion and growth Pattern of Residential
Fringe Area.
• Tertiary Sector.
• Employment opportunity will give rise to
Commercial activities.
• Change in densification.
• Reduction in street width.
• Change in Urban Form.
• How this area is affecting overall growth of the
city.
• Change in Land Values.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
7
Literature Findings
César Ducruet, Igor Lugo. (2013). Structure and dynamics of transportation networks: Models, methods and applications.
Rodrigue, J.P., Notteboom, T.E., and Shaw, J. The SAGE Handbook of Transport Studies, SAGE, 347-364. Retrieved from
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00605653
Contents
S.N
O.
• Relocation for Employment.
• To generate Revenues changes in
Infrastructure occurs.
• Dependency of ISBT on Neighbourhood.
• Migration from core to Peripheral region.
• Generation of Employment.
• Congestion will create emission due to heavy
movement of transport, that will force people
to make house at some distance from ISBT or
main road.
• Residents change small parts to commercial.
2. Existing
Methodology, Tools
& Techniques
• Long –term integrated Land use and
Transportation Plan. (Public and Local Bodies)
• Spatial Framework planning strategy.
• Coding of Interview and ethnographic data for
qualitative social research.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
8
Literature Findings
Dianne S Schwager (1995, June). An evaluation of the Relationships between Transit and Urban Form. Transit Cooperative
Research Program, pp1-44. Retrieved from https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rrd_07
Contents
S.N
O.
• Collection of data analysis with the help of arc
GIS software using super imposed method.
• Changes in land use can be measured with
spatial analysis method.
• The two variables for each study can be the
dependent variable and independent variable
(time).
• Hedonic technique and regressions using log-
linear equations.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
9
Literature Findings
Source: Author
Contents
Questionnaire formulation
The questionnaire was formed to sort down the best of parameters among all
mentioned above and was filled by experts to capture the most informative and
effective variables.
Delphi technique Used
The questionnaire was framed for the selection of parameters and the same
sent to different experts of this field for their opinions regarding the same. This
stage was carried out before the site survey of the residential neighborhood.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
0
Literature Findings
Source: Author
Contents
1. Land Use
2. Residential Fringe.
3. Change in Built Use.
4. Node.
5. Density / Densification
6. Street.
7. Plinth
8. Sight (vision)
9. Urban Form.
10. Growth
11. Land Values
12. Relocation
13. F.A.R / F.S.I
14. Infrastructure (Physical & Social)
15. Road as Edge
16. Dependency
17. Footfall of Floating Population
18. Migration (Push/Pull Factors)
19. Congestion
Dependent Variables:
By taking Time, and location as an
Independent Variable.
Independent Variables:
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References
Parameters deduced from literature studies

2
1
Case Study
Source: Figure 3.1 Land Use Map of Kolkata & Howrah (Source: Land Use Map, KMDA)
Figure 3.2 Land Use Transport Integration & Density of Urban Growth (Source: MoUD, UNDP Publications)
Contents
Case Study 1: Calcutta ISBT and its Impact
There is an integration of land use with transportation systems at all scale/ levels
of planning and through multiple intervention mechanisms.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
2
Case Study
Contents
Parameters Indicators Changes Observed
Transformation Land Use
Change
• Conversion of residential to apartments.
• Change of the building use to mixed use
and residential or mixed to commercial.
• New development on open/vacant land.
Transformation FSI Change • Land parcels have amalgamated to take
leverage of permissible higher
development opportunities in terms of FSI
and building heights.
• Higher usage of FSI is observed in the
immediate vicinity of ISBT.
Transformation Population
Density
• Densification,increased building heights.
• increase in informal activities in ISBT near
by areas.
Economy Land Values
Change in
Economic
Pattern
• The land value is maximum within
1kmradiusof the ISBT. The commercial land
value increases with proximity to the ISBT.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
3
Case Study
Source: Figure 3.3 Spatial Land Use Change(Source: Kolkata Metropolitian Development Authority)
Land Use Breakage in year 95,2005 &2015(Source: KMDA , 2018)
Contents
Land Use Change
1995 – Land Use 2005- Land Use 2015- Land Use
Land Use % Area- 1995 % Area- 2005 % Area- 2015
Residential 52 55 57
Commercial 6 9 11
Mix Use 4 4 4
Institutional 8 4 3
Industrial 8 10 10
Road Networks 10 12 12
Open Space 12 6 4
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
4
Case Study
Satellite View of location (Source: Google Earth)
Contents
Case Study 2: Bangladesh ISBT and its Impact
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
5
Case Study
Contents
Surrounding Road Network
• The Site located at the intersection of Station road and Kamlapur road,
and is connected by many important road networks.
• The site is accessible from Atish Depankar road, Shapla chattar and Kakrail
Vip road.
• So the vehicular movement is quite congested.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
6
Case Study
Contents
• The site at a very busy location, beside CBD, so there is almost no green
area. The onlygreen area nearby is Notordam Colleges’s field.
• The site ‘s land use pattern shows that it is most residential use, with a
majority of transport facility, and some commercial and mixed use facility.
Although the building beside the main roads have commercial facility on
the ground floor and residential use on the upper floors.
• The West and south part of the site is very densely built, whereas due
Government quarter on the north side there the built area density is low.
More over on the east side the land belongs to railway department, used
for the station and container storage, so the built area is also very less
there.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
7
Case Study
Contents
Case Study 3: Agra ISBT and its Impact
Situation Before ISBT:
• High Density Residential Area.
• Large movement of people as there is industrial area near by.
• High level of informal activity like road side hawkers, vegetable market.
• Commercialization is more of a small scale heavy metal work done by
labors.
Situation After ISBT:
• After being connected with rest of the nearby small towns, with a speedy
and reliable mode of transport the area is experiencing large chunk of
automobile trips hence a generator of activity.
• The feeder vehicular traffic has increased in vicinity to ISBT.
• More number of pedestrianized moment due to ISBT , commercialization
increased along with the industrial area, another generator of space
activity.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
8
Case Study
Contents
Activities:
• There have been change in activities, in terms of land use; i.e. substitution has
taken place.
• Commercialization is more formal now, as the heavy machinery shops has
shifted to inner core, after ISBT informal activity has been confined to streets.
• New shopping malls also creates activity space.
Spaces:
• The land values have increased.
• There has been significant addition of floor spaces.
• The space requirements for the commercial activity have also changed.
Observation on Site:
• The industrial activity has gained importance here and has led to the major
violation zoning regulation on the site.
• The lower class people are the dominating category existing on site, major
involvement with industrial skill.
• Unorganized Built Form
• Encroachment
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
9
Case Study
Table 3.4: Before and After ISBT(Source: Agra Development Authority,2018)
Contents
• Lack of physical and social amenities.
• Maximum impact in region of 300mt.
• After coming of ISBT, accessibility increased and few new developments are
going around near ISBT.
Category Before ISBT After ISBT
Residential 57.5% 66.93%
Transportation 4.7% 2.5%
Vacant 7.35% 3.10%
Public Utilities 2.2% 2.5%
Religious 1.61% 1.61%
Commercial 3.6% 6.30%
Public/ Semi Public 10% 2.1%
Industrial 3.7% 2.0%
Park/ Open Space 12% 4.06%
Total 100% 100%
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References
Transformation likely do to introduction of ISBT.
• Density increased from 450 to 600pph. High density in the vicinity of ISBT.
• Land use change from mono to mix and multiuse.
• Built form in vicinity of ISBT shows high rise character.

3
0
Case Study
Table 3.5: Changes observed through Present Use (Source: LDA, UPSRTC 2018)
Contents
Case Study 4: Alambagh Lucknow ISBT and its Impact
• Outskirts of Lucknow city near Kanshiram Ji Smarak Sthal.
• Built form gone through many changes when Transportation Node
introduced in the particular area of the city.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
1
Case Study
Source: Author
Contents
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References
Present Use Changes Observed
Predominantly Residential,
Commercial
Increased in Land Values,
Densification of Residential area.
Commercial Activities Increased in Floor area, Addition
in Floor Spaces
Informal Activities Activities increased, hawkers,
encroachment increased

3
2
Case Study
Source: Land Use Breakup(Source: LDA, 2018)
Contents
Land Use Distribution
• The land use distribution of the area and the change in the last 20 years at
the cost of open space primarily be open space primarily by unauthorized
development of commercial growth.
• The other land use have not gone because of the ownership is not under
any private hands.
Land Use Breakup- Alam Bagh ISBT
Residential
Commercial
Institutional
Market
Cinema
Open space
42%
34%
221
1
10%
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
3
Source: Author
Contents
Case Study
 F.A.R more than licenced
 Rentals Property
 95% changed from residential to
commercial
 Heritage property changed
into Markets/ Complex
 Price Hike after ISBT came
 Density got increased by 35%1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
4
Site Study
Contents
Study Area
• In the developing countries like India, urbanization is taking place, rapidly.
There are various reasons behind this urbanization.
• In the process, the built form and land use inside the cities are observing
rapid transformation. Among many other factors behind this transformation,
one key factor is transport nodes.
• A new transport node, when introduce inside a city, the surrounding area
experiences very fast changes in built form as well as in land use. One such
case can be found near ISBT, Gomtinagar, Lucknow.
• The area, once the pride of Lucknow due to Battle of Chinhat ;- now is
experiencing rapid change in built form and land use due to the introduction
of ISBT, Gomtingar.
• The area is situated on Faizabad Road between two very famous and
developed residential zones of lucknow i.e. Indiranagar and Gomtinagar. The
area has large number of old settlements like Patel Nagar, Surender nagar,
Mulayam Nagam, Ismailganj, Kamta etc. Lucknow High Court is situated
across the road of the above mentioned settlement areas.
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
5
Contents
• Apart from Lucknow High Court there are mall, government offices,
private offices etc. in the area. There are also many commercial buildings
nearby.
• People coming to Lucknow High Court and ISBT often stay in the above
mentioned settlements. As a result, there are many changes occurring in
those settlements.
• One can see the changes in terms of built form, building typologies, land
use, building use etc.
This phenomenon requires immediate academic attention for
understanding the extent of impact of such transportation nodes on
nearby residential zones.
It might lead to formulate a road map for future built forms and land use in
similar cases. The study will be conducted using spatial analysis method. The
probable frame work of the study will be based on plotting various land use
and built form over a period of time. The outcome of the study will help us
to have a better understanding of how land use and built form changes over
time due to presence of a stimuli like a transportation node. It might also
help us to govern the future built form and land use of such areas
Site Study
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
6
Introduction
N
DELINEATION OF AREA
ISMAILGANJ
Pocket 1POLYTHECHNIC
PAASI KA PURWA
Pocket 3
ISBTVIJAYEPUR
Pocket 2
LUCKNOW-FAIZABAD ROAD
NH-28 NATIONAL HIGHWAY
TOWARDS POLYTHECHNIC
SHAHEED PATHJUNCTION 1
JUNCTION 2
TOWARDS FAIZABAD
Source: Author

3
7
Contents
Visual Survey and Inferences: Parameters
1. Building Use
Site Study
Source: Author
Ground Floor-
Commercial
First Floor-
Residential
Residents changed the ground
floor into commercial activities.
Ground Floor-
Commercial
First Floor-
Residential
Residents changed the ground
floor into commercial activities.
Ground Floor-
Commercial
First Floor-
Paying Guest
Residence changed into
paying guest or hostel.
Front
Commercial
Back
Residence
Backside Residence front
ATM
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
8Introduction
Contents
2. Urban Form
Source: Author
Revitalization of Residential ZoneWalkable and Pedestrian
Friendly Communities
Various type of mix-use,
housing, commercial
Reduction of Miles
traveling of vehicles
No Regulations on
Building Size and Type
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
9
Site Study
Contents
3. Density/ Densification
Created Housing shortage In-Fill of the Green Field and Brown Fields
Source: Author
4. Land Use
Low and Medium
Density Residential
Compact Development in
Walkable Neighbourhoods
Mix use in Vertical
and Horizontal
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
0
Contents
5. Street
Source: Author
Encroachment of
walkways/ streets by
Commercial activities.
Nh-28 Section
No Bye-laws are being
followed
Effect of change
in building use
No Bye-laws are being
followed
Site Study
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
1
Contents
Source: Author
Informal activities on
street to generate
revenues
Encroachment of
walkways/ streets by
Commercial activities
Increase in Density increases
requirement of Car Parking-
vehicle on street
6. Plinth
Change of Building Use affects Plinth New constructions gave 10%
of their shop to plinth area
Site Study
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
2
Contents
7. Road as Edge
.
Source: Author
Old construction have closed
shutters along the street
An Active Market Interaction and
meeting at Plinth
Road side houses or
commercial are easily
generating revenues
Development on Edge
side is fast and easy
Up gradation of
Infrastructure is easy
Site Study
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
3
Contents
Source: Author
Change in Urban Form as comparative to
inner areas
Strong commercial near
Arterial/ Highway
Increase in F.A.R as
Bonus
Housing provision for outsiders as
well as localities
Site Study
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
4
Contents
8. Migration (Push/Pull Factors)
Source: Author
Organized Commercial Sector-
Economic strength (pull factor)
Arrival of Government
buildings (push factor)
Access to affordable
housing (pull factor)
Access to transport links
(pull factor)
Site Study
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
5
Contents
9. Physical and social infrastructure
Source: Author
Facilities in Community
(hard infrastructure)
Developments in
Community
(full fillments of Needs)
Human Services (advice,
education) to groups
Basic Infrastructure
(Banks, local shop)
Social Infrastructure (local
facilities and infrastructure)
Site Study
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
6
Contents
10. Location
Accommodation of
population and economy of
the city.
Lower down the congestion
problem of the area.
Allowed both private and
public sector to respond
to change
Source: Author
Site Study
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
7
Comparison 2010 & 2018
Contents
2018 Land Use & Height Variation of Paasi ka Purwa (Pocket 1)
BasementGround FloorFirst FloorSecond FloorHeight Variation
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
8
Contents
2010 Land Use of Paasi ka Purwa (Pocket 1)
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
9
Contents
2010 - Growth Pattern of Vijaye Nagar(Pocket 2)
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
0
Contents
2018 Land Use of Vijaye Nagar(Pocket 2)- Basement
BasementGround FloorBasementGround FloorFirst FloorSecond FloorHeight Variation
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
1
Introduction
Contents
2010 Land Use of Vijay Nagar (Pocket 2)
Ground FloorFirst FloorSecond Floor
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
2
Contents
2018- of Paasi ka Purwa (Pocket 2)
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
3
Contents
2010 Land Use of Ismailganj (Pocket 3)
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
4
Contents
2018 Land Use of Ismailganj (Pocket 3)
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
5
Contents
2018 Height Variation of Ismailganj (Pocket 3)
Source: Author
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
6
Detail Function of ISBT
Contents
Source: Author
Number of Buses-500 departures
Average Footfall-15,000 footfall per day
Details Number of
Employment
Monthl
y Rate
Annual
Earning
Security Staff 11 8000 0.86
Maintenance
Staff
12 7000 0.87
Kiosks
activity
82 10000 10.03
Administrati
on
16 10000 0.36
Parking Staff 8 8000 0.58
Employment Generation in ISBT
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
7
Contents
Source: Author
Other Service Vehicles
Type of
Vehicle
07- 11
AM (%)
11-04
PM
(%)
4- 10
PM
(%)
12- 6 AM
(%)
Motor Cycle 21 24 13 6
Car (Private) 19 21 25 12
Tempo 11 16 15 2
Car (Taxi) 10 12 14 5
Bus (Local) 8 11 6 3
Tempo
(Freight)
9 12 15 22
Trucks 21 18 20 42
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
8
Contents
Source: Author
Type of Passengers Percentage
Service 22%
Business 14%
Court 19%
Hospital 28%
Return Home 9%
Others 8%
Commercial
Parking
Eateries
Interactive Space
Morning- 6:30 to 9:30
Afternoon- 12:30 to 3:30
Evening – 6:30 to 9:30
Existing Activities
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
9
Sections
Source: Author
Section L1
Section L2
Section L3

6
0
Sections
Section L4
Section L3
Section L5
Section L6

6
1
Sections
Section L7
Section L8
Section L9

6
2
Sections
Section L10
Section L11
Section L12

6
3
Data Analysis
Source: Author
Contents
Ismileganj Section Analysis-2010
S.No. Area Section No. Land Use Building Height F.A.R Plinth Built Up(%) Road width (m)
1 Pasi ka Purwa L1 Vacant Land 1 0 0 0 6
2 Pasi ka Purwa L2 Residence 1 1 0.2 100 4
6 Pasi ka Purwa L6 Commercial 1 0.3 0 30 6
9 Vijayenagar L9 Commercial 1 1 0.3 50 27
10 Vijayenagar L10 Temple 1 1 0.4 10 27
11 Vijayenagar L11 Residence 1 1 0.4 35 27
12 Vijayenagar L12 Commercial 1 1 0.4 35 27
13 Vijayenagar L13 Residence 1 1 0.25 45 27
14 Vijayenagar L14 Commercial 1 0.5 0.5 45 27
15 Vijayenagar L15 Vacant Land 0 0 0 0 27
17 Ismailganj L17 Commercial 2 1 0.45 88.5 27
18 Ismailganj L18 Vacant Land 0 0 0 0 27
19 Ismailganj L19 Mix-Use 2 2 0.4 50 27
20 Ismailganj L20 Commercial 1 0.75 0.5 75 27
22 Ismailganj L22 Residence 1 0.75 0.45 75 27
23 Ismailganj L23 Vacant Land 0 0 0 0 27
24 Ismailganj L24 Commercial 2 2 0.45 100 27
Average 0.79167 0.6 0.225 35.133 19.97
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

6
4
Source: Author
Contents
Ismileganj Section Analysis-2018
S.No.
Area Section No. Land Use Building Height F.A.R Plinth Built Up(%) Road width(m)
1 Pasi ka Purwa L1 Temple 1 1 0.6 30 6
3 Pasi ka Purwa L3
Commercial
Complex 4+2B 6 0.8 85 6
4 Pasi ka Purwa L4 Hotel 4+1B 5 1.2 78 6
5 Pasi ka Purwa L5 Hotel 4+1B 5 1.2 80 6
6 Pasi ka Purwa L6 Commercial 3 3 0.4 70 6
4 Pasi ka Purwa L7 Banquet 2+1B 3 0.9 65 6
9 Vijayenagar L9 Commercial 2+1B 3 1.2 80 27
10 Vijayenagar L10 Temple 2 1 0.4 40 27
11 Vijayenagar L11 Commercial 1 1 1 40 27
12 Vijayenagar L12 Mix- Use 4+1B 5 1.5 85 27
13 Vijayenagar L13 Commercial 2+1B 3 0.5 60 27
15 Vijayenagar L15 Hotel 2+1B 5 0.45 70 27
17 Ismailganj L17 Mix- Use 3 2.5 0.45 85 27
18 Ismailganj L18 Mix- Use 2+1B 2.5 0.8 75 27
19 Ismailganj L19 Mix- Use 2 3 0.4 70 27
23 Ismailganj L23 Hotel 5 5 0.45 70 27
24 Ismailganj L24 Commercial 4+1B 5 0.45 88 27
Average 2.21 2.938 0.64 68.16 19.9
Data Analysis
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

6
5
Comparison between 2010 Data & 2018
Contents
Building Height F.A.R Plinth
2018 2.3 3 0.6
2010 0.79 0.6 0.225
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
ChangeinParameters
Spatial Analysis Method
Inference:
Building Height- There is 2 times increment as compared to the year 2010.
F.A.R- There is 3times increment as compared to the year 2010.
Plinth- There is 3 times increment as compared to the year 2010.
Building up- There is 2 times increment as compared to the year 2010.
Road Width- Remains almost the same as in year 2010
Source: Author
Built Up(%) Road width(m)
2018 68.1 19.91
2010 35.14 19.91
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ChangesinParameter
Spatial Analysis Method
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

6
9
6
Commercial- Data Analysis
Source: Author
Contents
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
500-900 900-1500 1500- 2000 Above 2000
Size of the Plot (sq. ft.)
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
500-900 900-1500 1500- 2000 Above 2000
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference:
Size of the Plot
• In 2018, there is 90%
subdivision of plots as
compared to the plot
size of the 2010.
• The density of the
area increased so far
from 2010, so the
demand for housing.
• Hence, the distance
between two plots
decreased.
• Person/ Area got
decreased in 2018 as
compared to 2010.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

7
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
When the last
licenced renewed?
• Before 2010, there
were 50% of
commercial as
compared to 2018
and 25% of it got
licenced.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2010-12 2012-15 2015-17 2017-18 No
licence
When the last liceneced renewed
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
2018
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Before
2008
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 No licence
When the last liceneced renewed
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
• Commercial were on
wide streets and not
in the inner part of
the area as that time
the demand was 30%
of now.
2010
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

8
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
30-50 50-70 70-90 No licence
What is the floor area as per liceneced (Percentage)
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference:
What is the floor area
as per licenced?
• The authorized Floor
area ration varies
from 60 to 70% but
in this case, as the
demand of the area
for commercial is
80% that of 2010. So,
the coverage of floor
area increased to 80-
90% in 75% cases.
• As the demand is
increasing, getting it
licenced will keep the
balance situation
between road width
and F.A.R.
2018
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30-50 50-70 70-90 No licence
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
2010
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
used?
• In 2010, there was
1/4th of the
population as
compared to 2018
and housing demand
was also 1/4th of
2018. So, the floor
area ratio was.
• F.A.R is affecting the
vision of the place,
width of the road is
getting bare
minimum and hence,
increasing the
density of the area.
• Even, the building
use getting changed
because of it.
2018
2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
30- 50 50-70 70- 90 Above 90
What is the floor area used
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
30- 50 50-70 70- 90 Above 90
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Year of establishment
• Dependency of road
on construction is
100%, construction
near road is very fast.
2018
2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Before 1945 1945-90 1990- 2010 2010-18
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Before 1945 1945-90 1990- 2010 2010-18
Year of Construction
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
• Density of the area
increased.
• Narrow streets.
• Addition, made Change
in Urban Form, Vision
• Change In growth of the
area.
• Congestion increases.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Ismailganj Vijaye Nagar Paasi ka Purwa
Past Building
ownership Owner
Past Building
ownership Rented
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ismailganj Vijaye Nagar Paasi ka Purwa
Present Building
ownership Owner
Present Building
ownership Rented
2018
2010Inference:
Ownership
• In 2018, there is a
increase in growth of
the area.
• Addition in the area,
bought change in
Urban Form.
• Change in Vision or
Vista of the area
• Increase in the
growth of the area.
• Congestion increased
because of the
density of people
parking increased.
on household
increase.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
2018
2010Inference:
Type of Commercial
Activity
• In 2018, 80% Change
in Urban form
occurred .
• As floating footfall
increased so the,
Parking space need
increased.
• Change in
Infrastructure is a
load to the area in
2018 and in
upcoming years.
• Dependency of Road
on Commercial
activity has changed
95% of residential to
commercial.
• Narrow vision.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Shop Hotel Showroom Restraunt
Type of Commercial Activity
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Shop Hotel Showroom Restraunt
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ismailganj Vijaye Nagar Paasi ka
Purwa
In which year activity
emerged? Before 2010
emerged? After 2010
Inference:
emerged?
• In 2018, 80% of the
change in Growth.
• As, In 2018 activity
increased to 80% so the
floating footfall, hence
need parking space.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Below
50,000
50,000 to
2,00,000
2,00,000 to
5,00,000
Above
5,00,000
Annual income
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference:
Annual Income
• Annual income of the
people increased by
around 60% and so does
the infrastructure of the
area increased which
affected width of road to
narrow, urban form
increased.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Residence Office Shop Other
What was the previous Use
Ismailganj
Vijaye Nagar
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference:
What was the previous
Used?
• Before 2010, 95% of the
three patches were
residential but now it
has been changed to
60% of the residential
and rest 40% is the
commercial either to mix
use.
2010
• There was hardly 60% of the population, so there was not that much
requirement of the commercial activities
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Ismailganj Vijaye Nagar Paasi ka
Purwa
Is there any expansion
been done, after 2010
Yes
Is there any expansion
been done, after 2010
No
Inference:
When expansion was
done?
• Expansion Dependency is
on location
• Expansion increases the
load on services by 40%
and on infrastructure.
• Growth of the area
increased.
• Addition in the buildings,
Changed the urban form
• Addition in the building,
changed the floor area.
• Change in the building, also changes the building use.
• Addition in building, changes in Building height.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

6
9
6
Household- Data Analysis
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Occupation
• Occupation in this areas,
are 80% business, that
around 60% started
because of the floating
population.
• It helps to know the
annual income of the
person, which will also
give the idea about the
size of the plot.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Service Business Labour
Occupation
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
• In some way or the other, occupation is 50% dependent on the location.
• Change or New occupation changes the infrastructure of the area.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

7
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Below 10 10-20 yrs 20-30 Above 30
Period of stay (years)
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference:
Period of Stay?
on location
increased.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

8
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Size of the Plot?
• In 2018, there is 90%
subdivision of plots as
compared to the plot size
of the 2010.
• The density of the area
increased so far from
2010, so the demand for
housing and then the
demand of commercial.
• Hence, the distance
between two plots
decreased.
• Person/ Area got
decreased in 2018 as
compared to 2010.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
500-900 900-1500 1500- 2000 Above 2000
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
500-900 900-1500 1500- 2000 Above 2000
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
2018
2010
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Area Occupied?
• In 2010, when there was
70% residential and 20%
agriculture land with 10%
of commercial.
• In 2010, there was no
housing demand as
compared to 2018. So,
hardly residents occupied
60% area.
• In 2018, as many
commercial, services,
business are settled near
by or in this area. So,
they want to get their
house, or on rent or flat .
• Owners are just building
90% of it, which help
them to generate
revenues.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Below 60 60 to 80 80 to 100 Above 100
Area Occupied (Percentage)
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
2018
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Below 60 60 to 80 80 to 100 Above 100
Area Occupied (Percentage)
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
2010
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Before 1945 1945-90 1990- 2010 2010-18
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Before 1945 1945-90 1990- 2010 2010-18
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference:
on construction is
100%, construction
increased.
• Narrow streets.
area.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Ownership
• In 2018, ownership of
the owner were 20%
greater than the tenants.
• But 65% area tenants in
the area because of the
service opportunities.
• To generate revenues, by
giving 1/4th, ½ portion of
house to tenants , brings
change in Urban Form.
• Ownership has a
dependency on the road.
• There is increment in the
growth of the area.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
IsmailGanj Vijayepur Paasi ka Purwa
Home ownership
Owner
Home ownership
Rented
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Home ownership
Owner
Home ownership
Rented
2018
2010
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Number of Household
• Affects the overall
population of the area.
• Area per person
decreases, when there
are add-ons in the
household size.
• It increases, with the
help of some
interdependencies like:
along the road, nearby
work stations etc. which
help owner to generate
revenues.
2018
2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 Above 3
Number of Household
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2 3 Above 3
Number of Household
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference: What forced?
• In past years, the land
values were 18rs sq. ft,
the cheap land was the
basis.
• In 2018, as 80% of the
formal sector of Lucknow
is here, people come
here and settle.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Ancestor's Cheap Land Service/
Business
Others
What forced you to construct your house here?
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
In which year addition
took place? Before
2010
In which year addition
took place? After 2010
Inference: Addition?
• 45% of the addition was
after 2018.
• 75% of the addition for
change in building use
and for revenue
generation.
• Addition occurs, urban
form changes.
• 15% of the cases, urban
character also changes.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference: Annual
Income.
• Annual income of the
people increased by
around 60% and so does
the infrastructure of the
affected width of road to
narrow, urban form
increased.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Below
50,000
50,000 to
2,00,000
2,00,000 to
5,00,000
Above
5,00,000
Household annual income
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
IsmailGanj Vijayepur Paasi ka
Purwa
Past Ownership status
Rented
Past Ownership status
Owner
Inference:
Past ownership Status.
• Before 2010, owner has
comparatively 60% less
than the renters.
• Growth of the areas are
increase in population
increased because of
tenants; changes the
urban, and builtform
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

5
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Present Ownership
increase in growth of the
area.
bought change in Urban
Form.
• Change in Vision or Vista
of the area
• Increase in the growth of
the area.
because of the density of
people parking
increased.
• Dependency of road on
household increase.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Present Ownership status
Rented
Owner
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
BetterLiving
Standards
Business/Service
Employment
RevenueGeneration
Nochange
If ownership changed, reason?
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

6
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Purwa
Was there any addition
or subtraction in the
House, after 2010? Yes
Was there any addition
or subtraction in the
House, after 2010? No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Purwa
Addition was done, to
generate revenues?
Yes
Addition was done, to
generate revenues?
No
Inference:
When expansion was
done?
on location
increased.
• Addition in the building,
changed the floor area.
• Change in the building,
also changes the
building use.
• Addition in building,
changes in Building
height.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

7
9
6
Others- Data Analysis
Source: Author
Contents
Inference: Type of Use?
• Depicts the need of the
society.
• As the areas, are
residential localities. So,
70% are temples.
• It also enhance the vista
of the area.
• Change in Infrastructure
of the area.
2018
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
School Hotel College Temple/
Mosque
Others
Type of Use
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
School Hotel College Temple/
Mosque
Others
Type of Use
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
2010
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

8
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference: Area Occupied
2018
2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
30- 50 50-70 70- 90 Above 90
Area Occupied
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
30- 50 50-70 70- 90 Above 90
Area Occupied
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
• In 2010, when there
was 70% residential
and 20% agriculture
land with 10% of
commercial.
• Demand for school
and temple
increased.
• As there was almost
½ of the population
compared to 2018.
So, the area covered
in 2010 was between
30 to 50 .
• In 2018, the demand
increased so the
areas covered
changed to 50 to 70
in case of others.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Before 1945 1945-90 1990- 2010 2010-18
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Before 1945 1945-90 1990- 2010 2010-18
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference:
on construction is
100%, construction
increased.
• Narrow streets.
area.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference: Past Ownership
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Past Building
ownership Owner
Past Building
ownership Rented
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Residence Office Shop Other
What was the use before
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
Inference: Use Before
• Before 2010, 70% of the
area was residential .
• As the growth of the area
increased, needs and
demand of the people
increased.
• Before 2010, owner
has comparatively
60% more than the
renters.
• Growth of the areas
are increase in
population increased
because of use;
changes the urban,
and Builtform.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference: Use Changed
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
In which year Use
Changed Before 2010
In which year Use
Changed After 2010
• Before 2010, owner
has comparatively
60% less than the
renters.
• Growth of the areas
are increase in
population increased
because of tenants;
changes the urban,
and builtform
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
Annual Turnover
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Below
50,000
50,000 to
2,00,000
2,00,000 to
5,00,000
Above
5,00,000
Annual Turnover
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
2018
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Below
50,000
50,000 to
2,00,000
2,00,000 to
5,00,000
Above
5,00,000
Annual Turnover
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
• Annual turnover of
the school increased
by around 20% and
so does the
infrastructure of the
affected width of
road to narrow,
urban form
increased.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

3
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Better Living
Standards
Business Service Others
Why ownership status changed
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
2018
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Better Living
Standards
Business Service Others
Why ownership status changed
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
2010
Inference:
Present Ownership
increase in growth of the
area.
bought change in Urban
Form.
• Change in Vision or Vista
of the area
• Increase in the growth of
the area.
because of the density of
people parking
increased.
• Dependency of road on
household increase.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

4
9
6
Source: Author
Contents
Inference:
What forced to change? 2018
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Revenue
Generation
Family Issues Others
What forced to change the use of the building
IsmailGanj
Vijayepur
Paasi ka Purwa
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Purwa
Whether the change is
according to the
Building Byelaws Yes
Whether the change is
according to the
Building Byelaws No
Inference:
Change acc. To laws?
• There are only 40%
authorised construction
which are according to
building byelaws.
• In past years, the land
values were 18rs sq.
ft, the cheap land was
the basis.
• In 2018, as 80% of the
formal sector of
Lucknow is here,
people come here and
settle.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
5
Contents
Source: Author
Correlation Method
Broken down the dependency
of independent variables
between themselves
To find the factors
Dependent
directly
indirectly
inversely
How they are related
with each other?
How long Independent they are?
What is the dependency
between themselves?
What are the factors on
which the variables are
dependent?
Data Analysis
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
6
Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Correlation Method
Size of the Plot
(sq. ft.)
vs.
What is the
floor area
used
Size of the Plot (sq.
ft.)
vs.
Type of Commercial
Activity
Size of the Plot
(sq. ft.)
vs.
Year of
establishment
Pearson r
r 0.02568 0.5405 -0.05366
95% confidence
interval
-0.2768 to
0.3235
0.2867 to 0.7234 -0.4744 to
0.3870
R squared 0.0006597 0.2921 0.002879
P value
P (two-tailed) .870 <.001 .817
P value
summary
ns *** ns
Significant?
(alpha = 0.05)
No Yes No
Number of XY
Pairs
43 43 21
0
1
2
3
4
5
SizeofthePlot
What is the floor area used1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
7
Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Size of the Plot vs type of commercial
activity:
The relationship deduced from the graph and table are the following:-
Dependent/Independent- Dependent
Factors on which it is dependent-
Size of the plot has dependency on commercial activity
Commercial activity has dependency over :
Floor Area Ratio
Density- Parking
Urban Form
Level of activity increases, so the floor areas ration.
Level or type of activity increases, so the parking demand.
According to the activity urban form get changes
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Direct dependency, when
there is an increase in the size of the plot so the level of activity.
Degree of Correlation-0.54
Data Type- Two Tailed data
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
8
Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Size of the Plot vs year of establishment:
Size of the plot has dependency over year of establishment.
Migration- Population
Floor area Ration
This means, Floor Area Ratio depend upon the size of the plot.
As the population will increase the plot size will get less as before 50 years it
was agriculture land but the population increased so the demand for housing
increased and the area divided into small plots and the distance between the
two plots decreased.
As the demand increased, demand increased. People started making more
floors. Hence, floor area increased.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Inversely dependent for
Degree of Correlation- -0.053
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

9
9
Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
When the last licenced
renewed
vs.
What is the floor area as per
licenced (%)
When the last
licenced renewed
vs.
In which year
activity emerged?
Pearson r
r 0.4537 -0.03110
95% confidence
interval
0.1775 to 0.6636 -0.3284 to 0.2718
R squared 0.2058 0.0009671
P value
P (two-tailed) .002 .843
P value summary ** ns
Significant? (alpha =
0.05)
Yes No
Number of XY Pairs 43 43
0
1
2
3
4
Whenthelastlicenecedrenewed
In which year activity emerged?
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
0Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: licenced renewed vs floor area per licenced:
Factors on which it is dependent- It has dependency over the floor area
as per licenced.
Floor area Ration
Urban Form
FSI
Height Restrictions
Built-up area
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- It has Direct
dependency
Degree of Correlation- 0.45
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
1Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
as per licenced (%)
vs.
used
What is the floor area as per
licenced (Percentage)
vs.
Pearson r
r -0.3917 -0.2052
95% confidence
interval
-0.6192 to -0.1036 -0.4762 to 0.1014
R squared 0.1535 0.04212
P value
P value
summary
** ns
Significant?
(alpha = 0.05)
Yes No
Number of XY
Pairs
43 43
0
1
2
3
4
5
Floorareaasperlicenced
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
2Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Dependent/Independent- Independent
Factors on which it is dependent- Floor area has dependency over the floor
area use
Built up area
Height
Size of the plot
Floor area is dependent on built up area, more the built up area more the
floor area.
When the size of the plot will increases the built up 70% of the time
decreases or is less.
Height is dependent on the Floor areas i.e. more the floor area more will be
the height.
Built up area dependent upon the floor area as per licenced. i.e. more the
built up area more the built up area.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Inversely Dependent
Degree of Correlation- -0.39
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
3Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Floor area as per licenced vs size of the plot:
Factors on which it is dependent- Floor area has dependency over the floor
area use
Built up area
Height
Size of the plot
Floor area is dependent on built up area, more the built up area more the
floor area.
When the size of the plot will increases the built up 70% of the time
decreases or is less.
Height is dependent on the Floor areas i.e. more the floor area more will be
the height.
Built up area dependent upon the floor area as per licenced. i.e. more the
built up area more the built up area.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- inversely dependent
Degree of Correlation— 0.20
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
4Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
vs.
emerged?
vs.
Is there any expansion been
done, after 2010
Pearson r
r 0.4299 -0.02608
95% confidence
interval
0.1488 to 0.6467 -0.3239 to 0.2764
R squared 0.1848 0.0006804
P value
P value summary ** ns
Significant? (alpha
= 0.05)
Yes No
Number of XY Pairs 43 43
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
YearofConstruction Is there any expansion been done, after 2010
In which year activity emerged?
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
5Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Year of Construction vs activity emerged:
Factors on which it is dependent- As the Construction done, activity emerges
Parking
Floor area ratio.
Infrastructure
Road/ Edge
Footfall
Congestion
Parking has direct dependency over activity; Parking need increase when activity
emerges..
FAR depends upon the what kind of activity emerged.
Activity emerged; depends upon the road.
Congestion has direct dependency over activities, as it increase when the activity
emerged.
Activities increase the footfall at a particular place
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Direct Dependency
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
6Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Present Building
ownership
vs.
In which year
activity
emerged?
Present Building
ownership
vs.
What is the floor
area used
Present Building
ownership
vs.
Year of
Construction
Present
Building
ownership
vs.
Past Building
ownership
Pearson r
r -0.06637 -0.1187 0.1036 0.1042
95% confidence
interval
-0.3595 to
0.2387
-0.4046 to
0.1884
-0.2030 to
0.3918
-0.2025 to
0.3922
R squared 0.004404 0.01408 0.01074 0.01085
P value
P (two-tailed) .672 .449 .508 .506
P value
summary
ns ns ns ns
Significant?
(alpha = 0.05)
No No No No
Number of XY
Pairs
43 43 43 43
0
1
2
3
4
5
PresentBuildingownership In which year activity emerged?
Past Building ownership
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
7Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Present Building Ownership vs in which year
activity emerged
Growth pattern, when activity emerged it is directly proportional to the
growth pattern and tells In which way the growth is going.
Activity is directly proportionate to Road/ street, as more the size of the
road more choices a man have for type of activity.
Activity is directly proportional to the size of the plot, as the size of the plot
as the activity will be and it is inter dependent on the plinth, according to
the activity plinth is less or more.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Directly Dependent
Degree of Correlation— 0.672
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
8Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Present Building Ownership vs what is the floor
area used
Floor area used depends upon the building use.
Floor area is directly proportional to the number of household in the
particular building.
Floor area is also dependent upon the built-up or ground coverage.
With time ownership changed and so the economy and level of living
increased.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Directly dependent
Degree of Correlation- 0. 449
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

0
9Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Present Building Ownership vs year of construction
from the graph and table are the following:-
Present building ownership have direct dependency on year of construction.
It will tell about the type of construction either it is according to byelaws or not
and has setbacks or not in the given plot size.
Hence, year of construction has direct dependency on the setbacks, byelaws,
licence etc.
More the time of construction done, less the byelaws followed.
Year of construction also demarcates the growth with respect to time.
Type of activity is also dependent upon the year of construction and type.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Direct Dependency
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
0Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Type of
Commercial
Activity
vs.
Size of the Plot
(sq. ft.)
Type of
Commercial
Activity
vs.
What is the floor
area used
Type of
Commercial
Activity
vs.
Year of
Construction
Pearson r
r 0.5405 -0.06801 0.02912
95%
confidence
interval
0.2867 to 0.7234 -0.3610 to 0.2372 -0.2736 to 0.3266
R squared 0.2921 0.004626 0.0008478
P value
P (two-tailed) <.001 .665 .853
P value
summary
*** ns ns
Significant?
(alpha = 0.05)
Yes No No
Number of X
Y Pairs
43 43 43
0
1
2
3
4
5
TypeofCommercialActivity
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
1Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Commercial Activity vs. Size of the Plot
Commercial Activity has direct dependency on the size of the plot.
Floor area ration has dependency on the size of the plot.
If commercial activity is large, and size of the plot is less than floors are increased.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Direct dependency
Degree of Correlation- <.001
Inference of Correlation: Commercial Activity vs. what is the floor area used:
More the floor area, more the vertical development, hence it lost the character of
the area.
Floor area has a direct dependency on height more the floor area more the height,
more the plinth, than more coverage on road/street.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Inversely dependent
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
2Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Commercial Activity vs. year of construction
•Dependent/Independent- Dependent
•Factors on which it is dependent-
•Year of Construction depends on type of building use and on type of activity.
•Activity therefore depends on the size of the size of the plot, on the nearby road
or street.
•Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Direct dependency
•Degree of Correlation- 0.853
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
3Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
In which year
activity emerged?
vs.
Is there any
expansion been
done, after 2010
In which year
activity emerged?
vs.
Year of
Construction
In which year
activity
emerged?
vs.
Present
Building
ownership
Pearson r
r -0.08912 0.4299 -0.06637
95% confidence
interval
-0.3793 to 0.2170 0.1488 to 0.6467 -0.3595 to
0.2387
R squared 0.007942 0.1848 0.004404
P value
P (two-tailed) .570 .004 .672
P value summary ns ** ns
Significant? (alpha
= 0.05)
No Yes No
Number of XY Pairs 43 43 43
0
1
2
3
4
5
Inwhichyearactivityemerged? Is there any expansion been done, after 2010
Present Building ownership
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
4Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Commercial Activity vs. Size of the Plot
Inference of Correlation: in which year activity emerged vs any expansion after
2010:
If activity emerged before 2010, and after the arrival of High Court in that area,
expansion is much needed.
When expansion is there, there is change in urban form.
Expansion also depends on the change in height, change in floor area ratio, change
in plinth of the particular building.
When activity emerges, need of parking increases.
Degree of Correlation- .57
Inference of Correlation: Size of the Plot vs year of construction:
Dependent/Independent- dependent
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
5Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Year of Construction depends on type of building use and on type of activity.
Activity therefore depends on the size of the size of the plot, on the nearby
road or street.
Degree of Correlation-.004
Inference of Correlation: Size of the Plot vs type of Present Building
Ownership:
Dependent/Independent- dependent
Present building ownership have direct dependency on size of the plot.
More the size of the plot, more the owners can be there, more than one
household can be there.
Number of household is dependent upon size of the plot.
Hence, size of the plot has direct dependency on the setbacks, byelaws,
licence etc.
Degree of Correlation-.672
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
6Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Size of the Plot
(sq. ft.)
vs.
Area Occupied
(Percentage)
Size of the Plot
(sq. ft.)
vs.
Home
ownership
vs.
Type of Construction
Pearson r
r -0.05609 0.1595 -0.1107
95% confidence
interval
-0.3293 to
0.2258
-0.1244 to
0.4192
-0.3774 to 0.1730
R squared 0.003146 0.02543 0.01225
P value
P (two-tailed) .699 .269 .444
P value
summary
ns ns ns
Significant?
(alpha = 0.05)
No No No
Number of XY
Pairs
50 50 50
0
1
2
3
4
5
SizeofthePlot(sq.ft.) Area Occupied (Percentage)
Home ownership
Type of Construction
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
7Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Size of the Plot vs area occupied:
Area occupied depends on the number of the households to be in the family.
It depends upon the construction done nearby area, ie. The development of the
surrounding.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect- Direct dependency
Inference of Correlation: Size of the Plot vs type of home ownership:
Before, size of the plot were much more than today as well as the family was large and
now the size of the plot is less, so the size of the family.
If the size of the plot is more and there is more built up than people give it to the
tenants, and it directly dpeneds on the revenue generation.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
8Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Size of the Plot vs type of construction:
Either the construction can be katchha or pacca depends how much a
person can afford for their house.
Before 20-20years, people use to have open houses but now are totally
covered and hence packed.
Even because of the size of the plot, the distance between the two plot is
now less and easily commutable.
Type of dependency: Inversely/ Direct/ Indirect-
Degree of Correlation- .44
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

1
9Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Area
Occupied
(Percentage)
vs.
Number of
Household
Area
Occupied
(Percentage)
vs.
Present
Ownership
status
Area Occupied
(Percentage)
vs.
Was there any addition or
subtraction in the House,
after 2010?
Pearson r
r -0.06944 -0.1568 0.1027
95% confidence
interval
-0.3412 to
0.2130
-0.4170 to
0.1271
-0.1808 to 0.3705
R squared 0.004822 0.02459 0.01055
P value
P (two-tailed) .632 .277 .478
P value summary ns ns ns
Significant? (alpha =
0.05)
No No No
Number of XY Pairs 50 50 50
0
1
2
3
AreaOccupied(Percentage) Number of Household
Was there any addition or subtraction in the House, after 2010?
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
0Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
Inference of Correlation: Area Occupied (Percentage) vs. Number of Household
Area occupy has the dependency over Number of household.
Area occupy is more that means the built up is more, green is less.
Number of household more will affect the infrastructure ie. Will put load on
services.
Area occupied is more, change and expansion is there and sometimes it helps
people by generating revenues.
When in a house, household are more, there is shortage of parking and hence
the problems on streets occurs.
Inference of Correlation: Area Occupied (Percentage) vs. Present Ownership
status
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

2
1Data Analysis
Contents
Source: Author
If the area is occupied by the owner, than he can give it to the tenants and
generate revenues; by giving the part of the house to the tenants either for
commercial or housing purpose.
Sometimes it changes the use of the building, without getting it licenced by the
authority, and that give rise to the crime works.
When the building use changes the encroachment occurs on roads or street
because of that congestion problems occur on the nodes.
Congestion increases traffic problems.
Inference of Correlation: Area Occupied (Percentage) vs. Was there any
addition or subtraction in the House, after 2010?
Dependent/Independent- Dependent.
Expansion is done after 2010, when the demand increased, demand of paying
guest, rentals, hotels, commercial, and people started generating revenues.
Addition in the building, changes the urban form or built form of the particular
place.
Addition also changes the plinth most of the times when change in building
occurs.
When there is addition it also affects the adjacent roads and creates a
congestion problem on the near-by roads and nodes.
1. Introduction
4. Questionnaires
5. Case Study
6. Site Study
7. Site Survey
2018.
9. Data Analysis
10. Recommendation
& Conclusion
References

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