Phytochemical Analysis Of Plants Product And Study It's Biological Activities Widely used in the human therapy, veterinary, agriculture, scientific research and countless other areas Have inhibitory effects on all types of microorganisms in vitro

1. TOPIC- Extraction And Phytochemical
Analysis Of Plants Product And Study
It's Biological Activities
Presented By:-
Abhishek Mahapatra
M.Sc
Subject- Industrial Chemicals

2. PHYTOCHEMICAL
 Phytochemical are compounds that are produced by plants ("phyto" means "plant").
 Natural bioactive compounds found in different parts of plant (fruit, flower, stem, leaf, root)
 Widely used in the human therapy, veterinary, agriculture, scientific research and countless
other areas
 Have inhibitory effects on all types of microorganisms in vitro

3. EXTRACTION
 Extraction may be defined as the treatment of the plant or animal tissues with
solvent, whereby the medicinally active constituents are dissolved, and most of the
inert matter remains undissolved.
 The solvent used for extraction is known as Menstruum and the inert insoluble
material that remains after extraction is called Marc.

4. TYPES OF EXTRACTION
1. Maceration
2. Percolation
3. Soxhlet Extraction
4. Water distillation
5. Steam distillation

5. MACERATION
 In this process, the whole or coarsely powdered crude drug is placed in a stopper
container with the solvent and allowed to stand at room temperature for a period of at
least 3 days with frequent agitation until the soluble matter has dissolved.
 The mixture then is strained, the marc (the damp solid material) is pressed, and the
combined liquids are clarified by filtration or decantation after standing.

6. PERCOLATION
 Percolation is a continuous flow of the solvent through the
bed of the crude drug material to get the extract.
 In this process, the powdered drug is moistened with an
appropriate amount of the specified menstruum and allowed
to stand for approximately 4 h in a well closed container,
after which the mass is packed and the top of the percolator
is closed.
 Additional menstruum is added to form a shallow layer
above the mass, and the mixture is allowed to macerate in the
closed percolator for 24hrs.

7. CONT…
 The outlet of the percolator then is opened and the liquid contained therein is allowed
to drip slowly.
 Additional menstruum is added as required, until the percolate measures about three-
quarters of the required volume of the finished product
 The marc is then pressed and the expressed liquid is added to the percolate.
 Sufficient menstruum is added to produce the required volume, and the mixed liquid
is clarified by filtration or by standing followed by decanting

8. SOXHLET EXTRACTION
 A Soxhlet extraction is only required where the
desired compound has a limited solubility in a
solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that
solvent.
 It is also known as counter current extraction.

9. CONT…
 Drug is formed in to powder and the solvent is mixed in to it in equal quantity place
in apparatus and evaporate with heat condensation takes place,vapors are collected.
 The thimble is loaded into the main chamber of the Soxhlet extractor. The extraction
solvent to be used is placed in a distillation flask.
 The flask is placed on the heating element. The Soxhlet extractor is placed atop the
flask. A reflux condenser is placed atop the extractor

10. WATER DISTILLATION
 This method is useful for the extraction of essential oils
 Distilled water is water that has had many of its impurities removed through
distillation. Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into
a clean container.
 Applications - In chemical and biological laboratories, as well as in industry,
cheaper alternatives such as deionized water are preferred to distilled water.
 But if these alternatives are not pure enough, distilled water is used.

12. STEAM DISTILLATION
 Steam distillation is a special type of distillation (a separation process) for
temperature sensitive materials like natural aromatic compounds.
 It once was a popular laboratory method for purification of organic compounds,
but has become obsolete by vacuum distillation.

13. CONT…

14. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
 Biological activities of plant phytochemicals including
1. Anti-oxidant- Man-made or natural substances that may
prevent or delay some types of cell damage.
2. Anti-microbial- An agent that kills microorganisms or stops
their growth.
3. Anti-fungal- Medicines that kill or stop the growth of fungi.

15. CONCLUSION
 Extraction, as the term is used pharmaceutically, involves the separation of
medicinally active portions of plant or animal tissues from the inactive or inert
components by using selective solvents in standard extraction procedures.
 The products so obtained from plants are relatively impure liquids, semisolids or
powders intended only for oral or external use.