Rate controlled drug delivery system achieved by using some polymers and predetermined release of drug from reservoir. CRDDS Avoids problems regarding conventional drug delivery
1. RATE CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
Presented by-
Miss Khade S.B
M.Pharm-1 [pharmaceutics department]
RCP , Kasegaon
10/09/2019 1Rate controlled DDS
2. Content-
Introduction
Need of rate controlled DDS
Advantages
Disadvantages
Classification
Mechanism CDDS
Activation modulated drug delivery system
Effect of system parameters on controlled DDS
Applications of Rate controlled DDS
10/09/2019 2Rate controlled DDS
3. Introduction
“The term controlled release may be defined as a
technique or approach by which the drug is
delivered at predetermined rate , for locally or
systemically for a specified period of time”
controlled delivery of drug or protein and
bioactive agent can be achieved by incorporating
them either in dissolved or dispersed form in
polymer.
Follow “ZERO ORDER DRUG RELEASE”
Rapidly attained required plasma concentration
and maintained for the entire period of treatment.
10/09/2019 3Rate controlled DDS
4. Need of rate controlled DDS
Less fluctuation in drug blood level
Frequency reduction in dosing
Improving patient convenience and compliances
Increased safety margin of the high potency drug
Reduction in total health care cost
Suitable DDS for drug having “ short biological half
life” 10/09/2019 4Rate controlled DDS
5. Disadvantages
Dose dumping
Decreased systemic availability in comparision to
immediate release conventional dosage form
Poor in vivo- in vitro correlation
Possibility of dose dumping
Difficult to optimize the accurate dose and dosing
interval
Patient variability affects release rate i.e GI emptying
rate, fasting or non fasting condition
10/09/2019 5Rate controlled DDS
6. Controlled Release system[Mechanism]
Controlled
release system
Dissolution
controlled
Diffusion
controlled
Chemically
controlled
Ion –
exchange
resin Hydrogel
Water
penetration
controlled
Diffusion
and
dissolution
Matrix
Encapsulation
Matrix
Reservoir
Reservoir
and
monolithic
Osmotic
pressure
controlled
system
10/09/2019 6Rate controlled DDS
7. Classification
Based on their technical sophistication
1. Rate preprogrammed drug delivery system
2. Activation modulated drug delivery system
3. Feedback regulated drug delivery system
4. Site targeting drug delivery system
10/09/2019 7Rate controlled DDS
8. RATE PREPROGRAMMED DDS
Polymer membrane permeation controlled DDS
Release of drug controlled by-
partition coefficient of drug
Diffusivity of drug molecule
Thickness of rate controlling membrane
e.g. progestasert
Polymer matrix diffusion controlled DDS
Release of drug controlled by-
Loading dose
Polymer solubility
Drug diffusivity in polymer matrix
e.g. Nitro- Dur
10/09/2019 8Rate controlled DDS
9. Micro reservoir partition CDDS
Release controlled by-
Partition coefficient
Diffusivity of drug
Solubility of drug
e.g. Syncro-mate-c ,Nitrodisc
10/09/2019 9Rate controlled DDS
10. Activation modulated DDS
“The release of drug molecule from the DDS is
activated by some physical, chemical or biochemical
process or energy supplied externally”
Based on nature of energy used –
1.By physical means
Osmotic activated DDS e.g. Alzet osmotic
pump
Hydrodynamic pressure activated DDS
Mechanically activated DDS
Magnetically activated DDS
Sonophoresis activated DDS
Iontophoresis activated DDS
Hydration activated DDS 10/09/2019 10Rate controlled DDS
11. 2.Chemical means
pH activated DDS e.g. Salts of citric acid ,
cellulose derivatives
Ion activated DDS
Hydrolysis activated DDS
3.Biochemical means
Enzyme activated DDS
Biochemical activated DDS
10/09/2019 11Rate controlled DDS
12. Feedback activated DDS
“Rate of drug release is controlled by concentration triggering
agent”
Classified as-
Bioerosion regulated DDS e.g. Hydrocortisone
Bioresponsive DDS e.g. Glucose triggered insulin
Self regulating DDS e.g. Glycosylated insulin
10/09/2019 12Rate controlled DDS
13. Effect of system parameters-
Physiological properties
Polymer solubility
solution solubility
Partition coefficient
Polymer diffusivity
Solution diffusivity
Thickness of polymer diffusional path
Thickness of hydrodynamic diffusional layer
Molecular size [400 Dalton] ,Drug pKa
Drug stability , Protein binding
Biological factors-Absorption ,Half life[2-3hrs]
Dose size, Therapeutic and Absorption window,
patient physiology
10/09/2019 13Rate controlled DDS
14. Applications of CDDS
Adsorbent of toxin
As Antacids
As Bile Acid binding agent
In treatment of Liver diseases
In Renal insufficiency
In Ophthalmology for glaucoma
Therapeutic application
1.Cholestyramine –Reduction of elevated serum
cholesterol level in patients with hypercholesterolemia
2. Sod. Polystrene –Sulphonic cation exchange resin
used in treatment of renal failure
10/09/2019 14Rate controlled DDS
15. 10/09/2019 Rate controlled DDS 15
Conclusion
A suitably deliberate controlled release drug delivery
system can be significant progress towards solving problems
regarding the targeting of the drug a particular organ or
tissue and controlling the rate of drug delivery to the target
site . Controlled release stuff provide an advantage over
conventional quality from by optimizing bio- pharmaceutics
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties of
medicinal product
With improved understanding of controlled release
mechanism and improved development of technologies, it
may possible to design an appropriate method for efficient
drug delivery system at particular site