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てんかんと片頭痛
Migralepsy –
その片頭痛と前兆、てんかん発作
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グループリーダー:大阪赤十字病院神経内科 髙橋 牧郎
サブグループリーダー:岐阜大学神経内科・老年学 下畑 享良
• 共通点
– 発作性脳疾患
– 前兆,発作極期,発作後のフェーズで構成される
– 光,女性ホルモン,睡眠不足,ストレスなど誘発因子の存在
– 発作極期における焦点の血流増加
– 抗てんかん薬(VPA,TPM, LTG)が発作予防に有効
• 相違点
– 脳波異常の頻度
– CSDの有無(前兆のある片頭痛に特徴的)
– 視覚性前兆の持続時間(片頭痛は長く,てんかんで短い)
– 抗てんかん薬の有効な用量(片頭痛は少量でよい)
– 片頭痛頓挫薬(トリプタンやNSAIDs)の効果
➔ 共通点はあるが,基本的に両疾患の病態は同一ではない
てんかんと片頭痛の共通点・相違点
Epilepsia 47;805-8, 2006Neurology 49;1479-50, 1997
てんかんと片頭痛の視覚発作
後頭葉てんかん
(要素性視覚発作)
片頭痛
(閃輝暗点)
持続時間はてんかんで短く,片頭痛で長い.
• てんかんに関連する頭痛
( Headache attribute to epileptic seizure)
①片頭痛前兆により誘発される痙攣
(migraine aura-triggered seizure,migralepsy)
②てんかん性片側頭痛
(hemicrania epileptica)
③てんかん発作後頭痛
(postictal headache)
• ただしILAE(国際抗てんかん連盟)は ictal epileptic
headacheを使用することを推奨し,定義は混沌.
てんかんと片頭痛の病型(ICHD-IIIβ)
片頭痛の前兆
(単純部分発作のとき片頭痛をみとめる)
痙攣発作
同時ないし直後
❶ 片頭痛前兆により誘発される痙攣発作(Migralepsy1.4.4)
部分てんかん
頭痛
終了後すぐ改善
❷ てんかん性片側頭痛(Hemicrania epileptica 7.6.1)
頭痛
❸ てんかん発作後頭痛(Post-seizure headache 7.6.2)
治療について
• てんかんと片頭痛が関連してみられる場合,今後,
抗てんかん薬が第1選択薬になる可能性がある.
• ただし選択薬剤としては,部分発作の予防を目的
にCBZを使用するという考えと,片頭痛を予防を
目的にVPAを使用するという2つの考え方があり,
今後の課題である.

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てんかんと片頭痛