The document discusses different theories and approaches to management. It provides background on classical management theorists like Robert Owen, Charles Babbage, and Andrew Ure. It then summarizes the three main classical theories of management: scientific management, bureaucratic management, and administrative management. The document also discusses the behavioral and quantitative approaches to management.

1. Submitted by
Shikhil mv

2. Both theory and history are
indispensable tools for managing
contemporary organizations.
A theory is a conceptual framework
for organizing knowledge that
provides a blueprint for various
courses of action.

3. Name Period Contribution
Robert Owen 1771-1858 Proposed legislative reforms to
improve working conditions of
labor
Charles
Babbage
1792-1871 Advocated the concept or ‘division
of labor’
Andrew Ure 1778-1857 Advocated the study of
management
Charles Dupin 1784-1873
Henry
R.Towne
1844-1924 Emphasized the need to consider
management as separated field of
study and the importance of
business skills for running a
business.

4.  1.The Classical theory of management
a) Scientific Management
b) Bureaucratic Management
c) Administrative Management
 2.The Behavioural Approach
 3.The Quantitative Approach

5.  Forms the foundation for the field of
management
 The schools for management thoughts
are:
 Scientific Management
 Administrative Theory
 Bureaucratic Management

6. 1) Scientific task setting based on time, motion
and fatigue study
2) Fitting the “right person for the right job” by
proper selection, training and placement of
personnel.
3) Improvement in work by
i. Standardisation of tools and equipment
ii. Improvement In Work environment

7.  Scientific task setting-fair day’s work
 Work study - method, time, fatigue and
motion study
 Planning the task
 Standardization
 Scientific selection and training
 Differential piece-wage plan
 Specialzation

8.  It promote individualism rather than team
spirit
 Worker unfit for other types of jobs
 It ignores the averge worker
 Repettive and monotonous work

9.  It focused on principles that could be used
by managers to coordinate the internal
activities of organizations.
 Henry Fayol (1841-1925)
 Fayol classified the business operations of
an organization into six activities and then
outlined 14 principles of management.

10. 1. Technical operations
2. Commercial operations
3. Financial operations
4. Security operations
5. Accounting operations
6. Managerial operations
a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Command
d. Coordination
e. control

11. 1.Division of work
2.Authority and
responsibility
3.Discipline
4.Unity of command
5.Unity of direction
6. Subordination of the
individual interest
to the general interest
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization:
9. Scalar chain
10.Order
11.Equity
12.Stability of staff
13.Initiative
14.Espirit de corps
(team spirit

12. According to Weber, a bureaucracy is highly
structured, formalized, and impersonal
organization. He has advocated the necessity
of a formal organization structure with set
rules and regulations. He identified a set of
characteristics of large organizations which
helped in their rational operation. Such
organizations were known as bureaucratic
organizations.

13. Max Weber (1864-1920)
 Work specification and division of labor
 Abstract rules and regulations
 Impersonal relations b/w people
 Hierarchy of organization structure
 Selection and promotion based upon
technical competence and excellence

14.  Consistent employee behaviour
 Overlapping and conflicting job duties are
eliminated
 Optimum utilization of human resources
 Division of labour makes the workers
specialists

15.  Too much red tape and paperwork
 Employees do not care about the organization
 Employees treat like machines and not like
individuals
 Resistance to change and introdution of new
techniques of operations

16.  Increase in production and managerial efficiency
through an understaning of the people
 Application of behavioral science such as
psychology, sociology & anthropology to the study
of human relationship.
 Individuals may behave differently under different
situations.
 Attempts should be made to connect
organisational goals & human needs.
 Management must develop social skills in addition
to technical skill. Man to man relationship, team
spirit & group

17.  This approach is attributable to
Elton Mayo (1880-1949) and his
Hawthorne experiments
 Main contributors
 Abraham Maslow –Hierarchy of
Needs
 McGregor – Theory X & Theory Y

18.  It includes the application of statistics,
optimization models, information models and
computer simulations. More specifically, this
approach focuses on achieving organizational
effectiveness.
 Management problems can be described In
Mathematical models.
 Operation research , mathematical tools,
simulation and model building are the basic
methodologies developed by this approach.

19.  It stresses the use of mathematical models
and statistical methods for decision-making.
 Another name is the Operations Research.
 Applied in the areas like capital budgeting,
production scheduling, product strategy
management, human resource planning
and inventory management.

20.  It deals with the effective management of
the production process and the timely
delivery of an organization’s products and
services.

21.  Management information systems
focuses on designing and
implementing computer-based
information systems for business
organizations