Technology Of The Internet Of Things Security

Technology Of The Internet Of Things
Abstract–Due to the vulnerable nature of the Internet of Things (IOT) the security and privacy are those important issues for the IOT which attracted
lots of focus in recent years. The lack of efficient and lightweight authentication method in IOT can make it a delicious vulnerable victim for several
impersonate–based attacks. This paper proposes a new authentication mechanism for IOT called Certificate–based Identity Resolution (CIR) which tries
to protect IOT terminal nodes from attacks by applying a lightweight identity resolution method and using a Local Certificate Generator in order to
simplify the node authentication process. Keywords–Internet Of Things; Certificate–based Identity Resolution; Authentication; Access control I.
Introduction In the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widespread like a boom word, where virtually any device having an Internet
connection can be communicated and is accessible through the Internet. By making a secure user interactions with IoT is very important for making
the notion of "things everywhere" to be successful. Many researchers are focusing on developing and improving the implementation and security of
IoT based devices. Two of the major aspects for enabling the security of IoT are Authentication and Access Control to perform secure communication
between devices. In this paper we will present a novel local–authentication process which will enhance the simplicity of node authentication, keeping it
safe from
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The Web Application Requires Security
The web application requires security in order to protect customer data, as part of the application requires the customer to input their name and phone
number. Also in order to prohibit unauthorised access and it prevents service interruptions, so Training4U can always provide a good service. Securing
the application ensures that only administrators can access the admin pages, and instructors and customers can access their pages through the internet. In
order to do this for the administrators a login form would be created for the admin page so that they are the only people who can access them. Also the
customer's data needs to be protected both while it is being transmitted to the server using secure socket layers and to secure the web app which
therefore protects customer data, a security realm has to be set up in the application server.
to prevent unauthorized access that implement a login form for the admin page and only administrators can access this page then.protects customer's
data as the instructor and customer pages do not include information about customers or instructors. The procedure for this is the administrator sends a
request to the server to access an authorized resource, which then the server then notices and this sends the login page to the administrator. Using the
provided form the administrator inputs username and password if this is registered then they are authorized to view the protected resource.
would be to implement secure socket

Application Of A Digital Certificate
Joel – Abstract: When one submits a request for information to a service, it being a HTTP or a SOAP request SMTP or other protocols, one must
ensure that the service is indeed the entity that it claims to be (Rouse, 2013). In public key encryption, the verification of the public key origin is
especially important when one is submitting encrypted information over the internet which it may be sensitive. Digital Certificates are the main
method to verify identity of entities holding public keys rendering services over the internet (Image 1) (Rouse, 2013). Image 1 – Accepting Connection
Image 1.2 Browser HTTPS connection with a valid certificate. Top Google Chrome, bottom IE 10 Image 2– Refusing Connection A digital certificate
has a series of properties including a date of expiration (Gibson, 2014). When a certificate is minted, it has a day of which it will expire. When the
certificate expire, a new one will be minted. But if there is a certificate theft, the certificate will be alive for the length of its life. The certificate owner
will mint a new one, but there is another certificate in the wild with equal legitimacy which can be used to falsify someone's identity (Gibson, 2014). A
stolen certificate can be a danger to secure internet communication because a bad actor can impersonate a legitimate entity and thus potentially stealing
encrypted information (Gibson, 2014). There isn't a good way to revoke certificates. This paper will analyze and study the best

Mother's Day Gift Ideas
4 Great Mother's Day Gift Ideas
Hallmark and FTD have made a fortune on gift buying for mom on Mother's Day, but it might be time to move away from the standard bouquet of
flowers and the frilly, glittery card and embrace some new gift ideas. Mother's Day is officially and unofficially recognized in most countries
worldwide. Whether or not it is called Mother's Day depends upon the country celebrating it. One thing is true no matter where you are, and that is
that mothers are honored and given gifts like flowers from their children and grandchildren. As evidenced by statistics from AT&T, more long distance
phone calls are made on Mother's Day than any other day of the year.
Since mother is such an important figure in your life, maybe you should break away from tradition and give her a gift that is not flowers and candy.
1 – Gift Baskets
There are any number of websites devoted to creating and sending a gift basket to mom or grandmom, but they lack the personalization that comes
from creating one from scratch. It does not take a lot of money to create a basket, and you may even end up saving money by doing it yourself.
Baskets are readily available at any craft or big box store in the gardening section. They are normally constructed of wicker or a woven material and
come in a huge selection of sizes. You can tailor the basket to match your mom's personality or her hobbies.
If your mom loves to plant flowers, put seeds, tools, gardening tip booklets, gift certificates

Hardware Controls, Proper Risk Assessment, And Management...
3. There are many components including each of the general controls, applications controls, proper risk assessment, and management policies. Each of
the previously mentions plays a key roles in the organizational framework but must be utilized in the proper manner to work reliably and effectively.
–General Controls include software, hardware, computer operations controls data security, implementation, administrative controls and basically
dictate all aspects of the organizations information technology infrastructure. Software controls monitor systems and prevent access from authorized
users. Hardware controls make sure that the actual hardware is safe and is always checking to make sure that the equipment doesn't malfunction. This
also covers the backup systems. Computer operations controls keep the data in check by correctly storing it. Data security does just as it suggests
keep the data safe in whatever form so that it is not destroyed or altered. Implementation is basically the systems checker and makes sure that at each
point the controls are working. Lastly administrative controls are used to create rules and procedures that need to be carried out in order to keep the
system running in proper order.
–Application Controls are more specific and are often more unique to each organization and make sure that the accurate data is processed for the
organization. These controls are input, processing, and output. Input controls which is just like a fact checker and make

Case Study: Quality Medical Company
As Chief information technology (IT) security officer for the Quality Medical Company I understand that the senior management is concerned with
complying with the multitude of legislative and regulatory laws and issues in place with the company. Quality Medical Company is presented with
having to enforce new regulations and policies to stay compliant with the data and information that stored, transmitted, or received. We will accomplish
just this by ensuring that all data in whatever form is treated with high standards. In this process Quality Medical Company must follow and understand
the compliance issues such as:
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 will protect the shareholders and the general public from accounting errors and fraudulent practices ... Show more
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Regulations such as HIPAA will be made compliant by adopting PKI capabilities. These capabilities will allow CA requirements to meet these
regulations by giving support for registration, generation of keys and certificates. Additional features are certificate revocation and renewal, and
on–demand private–key recovery. Personally Identifiable Information (PII), information that can be used to identify or track and individuals' identity
will be another requirement that will need to be protected at high levels in order to be compliant. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) will allow this highly
sensitive data to be encrypted, secure when not in use, and secure when disposing of the data and information. Data encryption will protect the data
when it is being transferred through email, stored on a server, transferred to media such as thumb drives or portable hard drives, faxing, or sharing
internally.
The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) can be as strong as we want to design the system. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) adoption is necessary in order
to stay competitive and secure in today's world. After implementation, data will more secure, customer will have more trust in operations, and this
company will be compliant for years to

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ( Manets )
Abstract: Continuous user authentication is a critical prevention–based methodology with protect high security mobile ad–hoc networks (MANETs).
Certificate revocation is an important security component in MANETs. A new method to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheme by
employing a threshold based approach to restore a node's accusation ability and to ensure sufficient normal nodes to accuse malicious nodes in
MANETs. The user's available relevant information on the system, and express an architecture that can be applied to a system of systems. Ad–hoc
networks are an emerging area of mobile computing. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the demands of Ad–hoc environment. We focus on three areas
of Ad–hoc networks, User Authentication, Ad–hoc routing, and intrusion detection. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Brief Information About the Project: With
the increased focus on wireless communications, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are attracting much attention in recent years. MANET is an
infrastructure less mobile network formed by a number of self–organized mobile nodes; it is different from traditional networks that require fixed
infrastructure. Owing to the absence of infrastructure support, nodes in MANET must be equipped with all aspects of networking functionalities, such
as routing and relaying packets, in addition to playing the role of end users. In MANET, nodes are free to join and leave the network at any time in
addition to being independently mobile.

Computer Security
Contents
INTRODUCTION4
SECURITY4
Client Security4
Server Security5
Document Confidentiality5
Risks and threats to E–commerce Sites5
Hackers5
Software/hardware failure5
WHY SECURITY FAIL6
Exposure of confidential data6
Modification of Data6
Errors in Software6
Poor stipulation and testing6
Repudiation6
Solutions to E–commerce Security Risks7
Encryption7
Data Encryption Standard (DES)7
RSA Public Key Algorithm8
Digital signatures8
Digital certificates9
Security for Transactions9

Secure sockets layer10
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)10
Conclusions11
INTRODUCTION
Internet security is not fully understood by many. However,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now that the more general risks that E–commerce websites face have been examined,
The security issues that present themselves to E–commerce websites can be
Crucially examined.
WHY SECURITY FAIL
Exposure of confidential data
A web server is the wrong place for the storage of confidential information as it is
Information that is made accessible by the public unless intended. To reduce the risk of
Exposure it is important to limit the methods by which information can be accessed
And Limit the people who can access it as it can also lead to loss of files. Authentication is a main requirement for websites. It means asking people to
prove their identity. The most common ways of authentication are passwords and digital signatures.
Modification of Data
Modification to files could include changes to data files or executable files. A hacker's motivation for Altering a data file Might be to vandalise a
company's site or to obtain fraudulent Benefits. Replacing The Data can be protected from modification as it travels over the network by using digital
Signatures. This does not stop somebody from modifying the data but if the signature Still matches when the files arrive, it can be seen whether the file
has been modified.
Errors in Software
Errors in

Credentialed Jewelry
There is an often–repeated theme on these pages: before you buy fine jewelry, locate a credentialed jeweler with the skill and know–how to help you
find the perfect piece of jewelry for you.
Fine jewelry is an important purchases and it takes a skilled professional to ensure that you are satisfied with your purchase. What does it take for
jewelers to stay on top of their game so that they can best help you? What actually goes into those credentials after a professional jeweler's name?
Every fall, members of the American Gem Society undergo a proud tradition: recertification of their credentials. In order to maintain their AGS titles,
they must take an exam that tests their knowledge of gemology. The recertification exam comes with pages of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Alethea lives and breathes credentials. She took time out of grading recertification exams to answer three questions that will help you better understand
why professional credentials matter when buying jewelry. What exactly is a credentialed jeweler and why do you think it's important to shop with
one? Shopping with a credentialed jeweler is like seeing any professional who is certified annually–like a CPA, for example. It means they have
committed to ongoing professional development, including staying up to date on developments that affect their customers. AGS credentialed jewelers
are called "Titleholders" because they hold titles that differentiate them as committed professionals. What is the importance of the recertification exam?
AGS requires each of our Titleholders to take an annual Recertification Exam to ensure they are up to date with the latest gemstone treatments, ethical
disclosures, Federal Trade Commission guidelines, marketing, and appraisal principles. This test ensures your jeweler has the most relevant knowledge
to keep your best interests in mind when helping you shop for your special

Lab 5: Assessment Questions
Lab 5 Assessment Questions
1.What are the three major categories used to provide authentication of an individual?
a.Password
b.Token
c.Shared Secret
2.What is Authorization and how is this concept aligned with Identification and Authentication? Authorization is a set of rights defined for a subject
and an object; this concept is aligned with Identification and Authentication because these are the 3 steps to the access control process
3.Provide at least 3 examples of Network Architecture Controls that help enforce data access policies at LAN–to–WAN Domain level.
a.Remote Access Servers
b.Authentication Servers
c.Logical IDS
4.When a computer is physically connected to a network port, manual procedures and/or an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7.PKI provides the capabilities of digital signatures and encryption to implement what security services? Name at least three.
a.Identification and authentication through digital signature of a challenge
b.Data integrity through digital signature of the information
c.Confidentiality through encryption
8.What is the X.509 standard and how does it relate to PKI? The X.509 formatted public key certificate is one of the most important components of
PKI. This certificate is a data file that binds the identity of an entity to a public key. The data file contains a collection of data elements that together
allow for unique authentication of the own ingenuity when used in combination with the associated private key.
9.What is the difference between Identification and Verification in regard to Biometric Access Controls? Identification processes are significantly more
complex and error prone than verification processes. Biometrics technologies are indicators of authentication assurance with results based on a
predetermined threshold with measurable False Accept Rates and False Reject Rates.

10.Provide a written explanation of what implementing Separation of Duties would look like

Essay about IS4560 Hacking
Unit2 Assignment2 Vulnerability of a Cryptosystem The vulnerability that has been discovered has a primary affect to a cryptosystem and a
secondary affect to a cryptosystem. The vulnerability in question is a weakness in the MD5 algorithm that would allow for collisions in output. As a
result, attackers can generate cryptographic tokens or other data that illegitimately appear to be authentic. Now the secondary affect is that the MD5
hashes may allow for certificate spoofing on a Cisco ASA system. If an attacker was able to exploit this weakness on the University's cryptosystem,
the said attacker could construct forged data in a variety of forms that will cause software using the MD5 algorithm to incorrectly identify it as... Show
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Users of systems with the OpenSSL command line utility can view certificate properties using "openssl x509 –text" or a similar utility. Certificates
listed as md5RSA or similar are affected. Such certificates that include strange or suspicious fields or other anomalies may be fraudulent since there are
no reliable signs of tampering it must be noted that this workaround is error–prone and impractical for most users. For the secondary affect, Cisco
announced that the hashing algorithm used in the digital certificates on the Cisco ASA cannot be changed; however, the ASA is unlikely to be
affected by the attacks described in this research due to the way certificates are generated on the device. Also the Cisco IOS CA may be vulnerable
to the attack described in this research when configured to utilize MD5 hashes in endpoint certificates, this is by default. The research that Cisco has
mentioned for the weakness/vulnerability can be found here: http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/viewAlert.x?alertId=17341, listed below are (2)
fixes that Cisco will be releasing for the Cisco ASA and the Cisco IOS CA. While Cisco does recognize the weakness/vulnerability in the MD5
algorithm, it plans to alter the signature algorithm used in digital certificates and modify the methods utilized in creation of CA and endpoint
certificates. They will address this in Cisco Bug ID: CSCsw88068. For the Cisco IOS CA, it has been announced that the device can be reconfigured
to utilize a more

Retinal Recognition And Biometrics
Retinal scanning: Like DNA each human retina is unique. Its complex structure makes harder to bypass for intruders.
Unique pattern of a user retina is mapped earlier into system, then a low perceived beam of light is casted on the eye to map and match with the stored
retinal mapping of that user
Iris recognition: Iris is a thin circular structure in the eye. Infrared rays used to perform Iris recognition. It's used to identify an individual by analyzing
the unique pattern of the iris from a certain distance. Iris of every human are different from each other. Iris recognition biometrics is contactless, which
makes it the most hygienic biometric modality
Fingerprint:
Fingerprint is widely used as it's cheap. The three basic patterns of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It works on the basis of 'tickets'. The client authenticates itself to the Authentication Server which forwards the username to a key distribution center
(KDC). The KDC issues a ticket–granting ticket (TGT), which is time stamped and encrypts the secret key and returns the encrypted result to the user's
workstation. This is done infrequently, typically at user logon; the TGT expires at some point although it may be transparently renewed by the user's
session manager while they are logged in.
When the client wants to communicate with another node, then it needs to send the TGT to the ticket–granting service (TGS), which usually shares
the same host as the KDC. The Service must be registered at TGT with a Service Principal Name (SPN). The client uses the SPN to request access to
this service. After verifying that the TGT is valid and that the user is permitted to access the requested service, the TGS issues ticket and session keys
to the client. The client then sends the ticket to the service server (SS) along with its service request.
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is one of protocol of authentication methods.SSL uses a cryptographic system that uses two keys to encrypt data ,a public
key known to everyone and a

Organizational Modernization Of Plant And Equipment
INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY Bodgets Incorporated– A worldwide manufacturing facility of quality Bodgets have had a change in management
and directorship. The new owners are investing into the IT infrastructure of their organizations which will be the first part of an organizational
modernization of plant and equipment. A Bodgets Incorporated are now moving into their deployment phase of their IT expansion. Bodgets Company
is located at 441, Queen Street, K Road–Auckland city. Part–1 Remote Access and Service Redundancy What is Redundancy? And know about
Redundancy. A Redundancy can have serval meanings. But commonly refers to spare hardware that is kept online or to duplicate data. Redundant can
describe computer or network system components, such as fans, hard disk drives, server, operating systems, switches and telecommunication links that
are installed to back up primary resources in case they fail. A well–known example of a redundant system is the redundant array of independent disks.
It's called RAID. Redundant bits are extra binary digits that are generated and moved with a data transfer to ensure that no bits were lost during the
data transfer. Redundant data can protect a storage array against data loss in the event of a hard disk failure. What are the advantage of Redundancy?
Disadvantages High cost to create redundancy network Increased broadcast storm in network What is Remote Access? Remote access is the ability to
get access to a

Network Security
Network Security When it comes to networking and the security of networks, there are several different methods of protecting networks. Of these
differing methods, some of them sound similar, but provide differing levels of security. In the following paragraphs, I will try to explain the
differences between some of the methods used. Explain the difference between historical and statistical logging. Logging is a simple way of keeping
a record of activity on a network. There are several types of logs that can be kept, each providing different data that can be analyzed to provide
information on potential ways of improving security over time. With historical logging, records are kept of all data passing through a particular network
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The recipient of a message using a digital certificate can obtain the public key associated with that particular certificate and then decode the
message and verify that it did indeed originate from the proper source. With this information, the recipient is then able to send an encrypted reply.
A digital postmark is another entity entirely. A digital postmark, or border router packet marking as it is sometimes called, is a network security
measure that can allow organizations to trace the origins of unwanted spam or other forms of malicious attacks. This process works by placing
identifying data onto messages much like a conventional postmark, hence the name. Because the information is added at the router level, there is no
way for hackers or other intruders to falsify IP addresses or other information that might be used to bypass security on a network. As you can see,
there are different aspects of network security. Each type protects the network and files on it in a different way. It is up to the network manager to
decide which methods work best for his individual business needs, and he may apply some or all of the methods mentioned here. In the future of
network security, there will be fingerprint readers. There will also be stronger encryption levels. Lastly, there will also be facial recognition software to
protect the security of networks in the future and then again

Why Ssl Is Important Part Of Internet Communication
With the web in an uproar over privacy and encryption, the newbie webmaster might get overwhelmed with all the acronyms, technical details and
server configurations. Deciphering the content on popular wikis such as Wikipedia just makes it more frustrating when descriptions get too technical.
Here is a breakdown of SSL, what it can do for you, why it's important and some simple steps to get your own website encrypted.
What is SSL?
SSL stands for "secured sockets layer." Whenever you prefix a domain address with "HTTPS," you're sending encrypted communication across the
Internet to a web server. SSL encrypts the communication between the website and your browser, which means that any information you pass over the
Internet is jumbled in a way that only the recipient can decipher.
Importance of SSL
Understanding the mechanics of SSL is difficult, but it helps to understand why SSL is important and how your Internet communications transfer to a
recipient. Once you understand these basic concepts, you'll understand why SSL is an important part of Internet communication.
When you type a website name into your browser, your browser first does a lookup for the domain's IP address. Once the IP address is found, the
browser makes a request to the server for a connection. The server accepts, and then it sends you the website's HTML for your browser to display.
Let's say you find a contact form on a website and want to send the owner a message. You type your

An Example Of Alice And Bob
In Public Key Cryptosystem there are two keys used i.e. a public key and a private key. Consider an example of Alice and Bob. I Bob wants to send a
message to Alice, Bob uses Alice's public key to encrypt the message and then send that encrypted message to Alice. Alice uses her private key to
decrypt the message. Here how does Bob know the Public Key of Alice? Alice might have distributed its Public key through a secure communication
channel. This method is applicable only if there is trust/familiarity between both Bob and Alice. If Bob and Alice does not know each other this whole
method fails.[28]
This drawback is removed by using a trusted third party (TTP) to uniquely bind public keys to users or another entity such as an organization. This is
the place we require a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure). A PKI has one more trusted elements called Certification Authorities (CAs). For instance,
Erin is a CA. CA issues Alice a certificate (which contains the public key of Alice) signed by the CA 's public key after checking Alice 's
credentials. Bob can now recover Alice 's certificate and confirm it is authentic by checking the signature on it. Certificates may should be revoked
later because of different reasons. For instance, if Alice 's private key is stolen, she will need to request that the CA deny its certificate. How does
Bob know whether a certificate is revoked? The CA keeps up a revocation list which permits Bob to confirm if a given certificate is revoked or not. The

Wireless Sensor Network : Mobile Sensor Networks
"Secure & Efficient Data Transmission in Cluster Based Wireless Sensor Network" Anup Pawar Student, M. Tech (Software Engineering), NHCE,
Bangalore, India Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network is a collection of homogeneous/heterogeneous wireless devices used to monitor the changes in
the surrounding of the wireless device. Each wireless device present in the network has the capability of sensing the changes in the surrounding
environment. Homogeneous sensors are those which have same computational power, energy etc. Each node is battery powered which is used to
transmit the sensed data over the network. So efficient transmission of data in Wireless Sensor Network is important and to transmit the data
unaltered over the network to the receiver security is important Clustering of Wireless Sensor Network is important to increase the network
scalability. Cluster Based Wireless sensor Network (CWSN) are organised in hierarchical manner. In CWSN a leader node called Cluster Head
(CH) is responsible for aggregation of data from the leaf nodes which are present in the Cluster. In this paper we will discuss how to transmit the data
securely and efficiently over the network. 1. INTRODUCTION Cluster based Wireless Sensor Network (CWSN) has been researched in order to
minimize the network consumption for transmitting data and increasing the wireless devices lifetime by maximizing the battery lifetime of the device.
In CWSN the nodes are arranged in a cluster, based on algorithms

Fundamentals Of Ssl Certificates And Certificate...
The Fundamentals of SSL Certificates and Certificate Authorities (CA) By adding an SSL certificate, Experts Exchange members not only protect their
business but also increase customer confidence by safely encrypting their customers' most sensitive data. For online transactions, an SSL certificate
turns sensitive data into encrypted secure code. The web browser then checks the SSL certificate to make sure that the website is legitimate. Once
verified, the web browser and server processes the encoded information. This helps to ensure that the sensitive data delivered between the web browser
and server is handled safely, securely, and that the website is PCI (Payment Card Industry) compliant. Certificate Authorities (CA) play an integral role
in the entire SSL process because they're the ones issuing these digital certificates. In essence, digital certificates, such as an SSL, are small verifiable
data files containing identity credentials that help authenticate the online identity of people, websites, and devices. Each digital certificate includes
valuable information like the expiration date of the certificate, the owner's name and other important information, along with a public key – a value
provided by some designated authority as an encryption key. As a trusted entity issuing these digital certificates, the CA must meet strict and detailed
criteria before being accepted as a member. Once accepted, the CA is authorized to distribute SSL certificates. The longer the

Summary: Public Key Infrastructure
As an Information Security Director at a small software company that utilizes a Microsoft Server 2012 Active Directory. The company is made up of
software developers and a relatively small number of administrative. It would be in the best interest of the company to use a public key infrastructure
(PKI) in order to provide a framework that fosters confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and nonrepudiation. Email clients, virtual private network
(VPN) products, Web server components, and domain controllers would utilize digital certificates issued by the certificate authority (CA). Additionally,
the company would use digital certificates to sign software developed by the company in order to demonstrate software authenticity to the customer.
PKI supports the distribution and identification of public encryption keys, enabling users and computers to both securely exchange data over networks
and verifies the identity of the other party. It enhances the security of data by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CAs can be public or in–house. Each have positive and negative characteristics. In–house is easy to use and manage because the company is not
dependent on an external entity for certificates. There is no per–certificate cost. The down side of in–house is that it is more complicated than using
external. With in–house CA, the security and accountability of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is completely on the organization's shoulder. This is
bad if the company is small and does not understand or have the resources to put toward PKI. External parties tend to trust a digital certificate signed
by a trusted external CA over a certificate from an in–house CA. Integration between an external Certification Authority (CA) and the infrastructure of
the organization is limited. External CA also means organization need to pay per certificate. Lastly, external CA provides limited flexibility when
configuring, expanding and managing

Building A Worldwide Manufacturing Facility Of Quality...
INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY A worldwide manufacturing facility of quality bodgets have had a change in management and directorship. The new
owners are investing into IT infrastructure of their organizations which will be the first part of an organizational modernization of plant and equipment.
A Bodgets Incorporated are now moving into their deployment phase of their IT expansion. Bodgets Company is located at 441, Queen Street, K
Road–Auckland city. Part–1 Service Redundancy The redundant server could be a backup server, up and running on the network which will take
over instantly. The first and secondary square measure each practical, each can do share duties, increasing overall turnout. The redundant box
takes full duties till the first is back on the road solely. I use redundant server on share basis each server will share the information load on the
network. I split DHCP scope on each servers in order that there is one server failure thus another will be use as redundant server. Throughout the
DNS installation in second server I create it secondary server it will get settings from primary server like active directory users, email teams .For
preventing from single purpose of failure in network I take advantage of 2 servers in order that if there 's a server failure thus different one get load.
Redundant Server Company – HP Hard drive – 768 GB Ram – 32 GB Processor – Intel? Xeon? E5–2603

Operating System Security ( Os Security ) Essay
Operating System Security (OS Security)
What is Operating System Security, Operating system security is the process of ensuring OS integrity, confidentiality and availability also OS security
refers to specified steps used to protect the OS from threats, viruses, worms, malware or remote hacker. OS security include all avoiding–control
techniques, which safeguard any computer information from being stolen, edited or deleted if OS security is included. OS security allows different
applications and programs to perform required tasks and stop unauthorized interference. OS security may be applied in many ways. We 're going to
discuss following topics in this article. A brief description about security and what are the types of encryption and what is Authentication, One Time
passwords, Program Threats, System Threats and Computer Security Classifications.
Security, There are numerous security threats to your computer, in other words many types of malware, which is short for malicious software. This
includes computer viruses, which can interact with the normal operations of your computer. Viruses can be very harmful and result in loss of data or
system crashes. The OS of a computer has a number of built–in tools to protect against security threats, including the use of virus scanning utilities and
setting up a firewall to block unsafe network activity. One of the most common ways to get a computer virus is by e–mail. If you have received an
e–mail message from someone you don 't

Network Sercurity Industry Essay
Network Security 4th Block With the upraise of Internet use around the world from businesses, private computers and networks there are bound to be
people out there trying to get easy money. Hackers and viruses and just human error all represent a potential threat to your networks and sometimes
more personal stuff like credit card numbers and social security numbers. This is where the Network Security industry comes into play; it protects
your network from viruses, worms, Trojan Horses, spy ware, adware, hackers, denial of service attacks and Identity theft. Network security is one of
the best things you could own, you could be arrested for something you didn't even do, all... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
David Pensak claims that he built the first commercially used fire wall. But Marcus Ranum says that's marketing BS. He also says that David Pesotto
Is the one who did it. William Cheswick and Steven Bellovin, who actually wrote the book on firewalls while at AT&T, say they didn't invent the
firewall, but they built a circuit–level gateway and packet filtering technology. But all of these security experts, Paul Vixie, Brian Reid, Fred Avolio,
and Brent Chapman, and others were involved in some way with the start of firewall technology production. Several of them have been called the
father of the firewall, but most experts have come to the conclusion that there's not just one biological father of the technology. The firewall's history
has been well–documented, but it's tough to pinpoint just which stage of the firewall. Most security experts trace roots back to work done at Digital
Equipment Corp. gatekeeper.dec.com gateway, as well as to Mogul's "screened" technology. Most intruders can gain access to your computer or
network through HTTP port 80. Legitimate users normally use them for browsing a web page, network meeting, and performing transfers and
downloads. Open ports can also be a way for intruders to gain access to the network system. Open ports are one of the most common security
complications with big networks. All unused ports should be closed and all open ports should be

ePayments and eCommerce: Assignment
Part A: Short–Answer Questions (50 marks total) Your answer to each question should be one or two paragraphs long. Each question is worth a total
of five marks. 1. What types of e–payment systems should B2C merchants support? many customers are still very afraid to purchase online because of
the security issues that 's why it 's very good to have more than one payment method, payment methods include E–cheques, credit cards, Gift cards, and
the best one from my point of view because it 's very known for safe online shopping is PayPal. 2. Describe the major issues in fraudulent orders
perpetrated against online merchants. What measures and solutions should be implemented to combat these issues? the major issues in fraudulent...
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having a personal firewall to protect an individual users desktop system from public networks by monitoring all the traffic that passes through the
computers network interface card will secure a home user from spyware, hackers, and other online threats and risks. 10. What key crucial factors
determine the success of electronic payment methods? the key crucial factors which will determine the success of E–payment methods are:
independence, inoperability and portability, security, anonymity, divisibility, ease of use, transaction fees, and regulations. Part B: Case Analyses (50
marks total) Case 1 (15 marks) The Canadian government has legislated the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)
to protect any personal information that is collected, used, or disclosed. 1. What type of personal information should be protected? (5 marks the type of
information that should be protected in PIPEDA, are: information about an identifiable individual, but does not include the name, title or business
address or telephone number of an employee of an organization . 2. Why is it very important to protect this personal information? (5 marks) it is very
important to protect this information as this creates a standard that companies must abide by with regard to a person 's personal information. without
this act in place,

Digital : Digital Signature And Encryption
1. Digital Certificates
Digital signature and Encryption together protects data in the internet. Digital signature is the internet ID that is given to a person to identify
himself that who is and how they can be trustable. They are used together to protect the data that are confidential from the intruders and threats. A
digital certificate is a file on your computer a pair, you can use it to create the digital equivalent of a handwritten signature and seal of the
envelope. Each file is divided into two parts: a public key and a private key. The public key is shared part; the private key is you and only you
should be able to access parts. Your computer and the program learn how to share only the public part of your key so that others can see them, while
still maintaining the security of your private key.
Any Email and Bank transaction application are common application that has digital signatures and encryption process. For example, when sending
e–mail, you can connect your digital certificate signed message through digital. Once the message they received, the recipient can verify that it came
from you via e–mail to view the attachment on small, which contains your public key information. This protects you people who might try to look like
it comes from you, but really spoof emails from a different e–mail account to send. The authorized users are identified by their unique ID and given
access. The all the information or mails are encrypted in between the sender and the

Business Analysis : Mmis Bakery
MMIS Bakery is a private company owned by Maria serving as President (CEO) and Jean (COO) with 30 employees involved in baking, decorating,
retail, sales and administration, and also training over a decade now. It has three retail locations, all located within the state of Florida. The products
offered at the retail location include cakes, cupcakes, cookies, pies, and beverages. A small percentage of the products are also sold in the Caribbean
and Canada using independent distributors. Additionally, a few of products will be specifically made for particular wholesalers depending oncustomer
orders.
An important feature of their products is that, most of the ingredients used in the preparation are organically grown, no preservatives are ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cost of the goods eventually decreased over the time which is a good sign for company's revenue. In the year 2014, 'Engineering and product
development' spent $170,000 and the very next year the expense came down by $300 thousand. The sales and marketing expenses are $390,000 and
total sales is $2.57 million, which shows that the current marketing strategies are not of much help and hence, implementing an e–commerce site would
strengthen the sales. There is an eventual increase in total assets and at the same time decrease in current liabilities and, long term depths that, it's a
good sign for new investments.
Anticipated Benefits of developing e–commerce site
E–commerce has fundamentally changed the lifestyle of the people. E–commerce has expanded rapidly that business transactions and services have no
barriers. Some of the anticipated benefits of implementing e–commerce site by MMIS Bakery are:
1.Investment to start as e–commerce site is considerably less and it is similar to expanding business but with a virtual store.
2.It covers wide range of market such as retail & wholesale, and online orders from individual customers, cafes and coffee shops, restaurants and hotels,
local and regional Supermarkets widens the business.
3.The multi–channel marketing and e–commerce site makes it easy for the consumers to know about the product details and then purchase them in
whichever way is more convenient for

Essay on Solving HealthCareвЂ™s eMail Security Problem
Solving HealthCare's eMail Security Problem
Abstract
While healthcare organizations have come to depend heavily on electronic mail, they do so without a significant email security infrastructure. New
Federal law and regulation place new obligations on the organizations to either secure their email systems or drastically restrict their use. This paper
discusses email security in a healthcare context. The paper considers and recommends solutions to the healthcare organization's problem in securing its
mail. Because email encryption will soon be a categorical requirement for healthcare organizations, email encryption is discussed in some detail. The
paper describes details and benefits of domain level encryption model and considers how PKI ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although these security standards have not yet been finalized, in August of 1998, HHS did publish in 45 CFR Part 142 a proposal for that Security
Standard. That Notice of
Proposed Rule Making did include a number of specific security implementation features. Particularly relevant to email use is a specification for
encryption of health information communicated over any network for which the transmitter cannot control access (45 CFR Part 142.308[d][1][ii]).
This restriction clearly is intended to apply to the healthcare organization's Internet bound electronic mail.
This paper broadly outlines steps that healthcare organizations can take to ensure the security of their electronic mail use. A substantial portion of this
activity has a "Security
101' aspect to it. Healthcare organizations are generally exposed to the same Internet borne threats as any other type organization. As a result,
healthcare organizations do well to follow the general recommendations for email security provided in documents such as NIST's "Guidelines for
Electronic Mail Security". Healthcare organizations do have business imperatives and legal obligations, however, that may encumber routine
application of email security best practice. Therefore, this paper will provide a healthcare industry context to its discussion of electronic mail security.
Risks Associated with Electronic Mail Use
Generally speaking there are three classes of email related risk that

Statement Of Purpose For Accounting
My cousin, who is ten–years–older than me, is an accountant. She graduated from the University of Waterloo but due to her remarkable academic
performance, she has successfully found herself an accounting job and now abides in Canada. She has been my role model ever since my childhood,
each time she returns home, she would bring me some Canadian gifts; the Canadian Root T–shirts, sweet maple syrup, maple sugared cookies and so
on. All these experiences have made me long to be in this rattling country. At the same time, how she describes accounting also make me gradually
became interested in it and hoped to undertake Accounting as my lifelong calling. Later I got admitted into Nanjing Audit University, the accounting
specialty is a trump card here. Being exposed to the rich cultural... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since freshman year, I have cultivated an interest in Accounting and studied accounting as my subsidy major. I majored in the intermediate financial
accounting (91 points), senior financial accounting (86 points), cost management accounting (90 points), enterprise financial audit (95 points), and
other professional courses. Now I have a well–grounded foundation of accounting knowledge, as the saying goes, "Believing in yourself is the first
step to success." I believe in myself and I believe that I can overcome the difficulties of crossing major, so as to do well in accounting curriculums.
If the application is successful, I want to pass the CA certificate or CGA certificate. Later, after my graduation, I want to work in an accounting firm
or on a large scale of accounting, since it can offer me a more professional platform, thus enabling me to apply my theoretical and practical knowledge
moreover I would like to start as a management trainee at an overseas founded

Cryptograpy Exam
1.What are some threats associated with a direct digital signature scheme?
a.The scheme validation is dependent on the security of the sender's private key, which the sender can later claim lost or stolen and that the signature
was forged when trying to deny sending a particular message.
b.If a private key is stolen from Bob at time t, the thief can send a message signed with Bob's signature with a time stamp equal to or less than t.
c.The need for trust between 2 participants is a potential threat since there is no independent verification process.
2.How can you get physical possession of the password hashes from a MS Server 2008 running Active Directory?
a.To obtain hashes from a MS Server 2008, the system has to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b.Two parties each create a public–key, private–key pair and communicate the public key to the other party. The keys are designed in such a way that
both sides can calculate the same unique secret key based on each side's private key and the other side's public key.
4.What are the principal services provided by PGP?
a.Digital Signature (DSS/SHA or RSA/SHA)
b.Message Encryption (CAST–128, IDEA, 3–DES in conjunction
c.with RSA)
d.Compression (Lempel–Ziv)
e.E–mail compatibility (Radix–64 conversion)
f.Segmentation (to overcome maximum message length of 50,000 bytes for SMTP)
5.What is involved in obtaining a VeriSign certificate? There are some 3rd party companies that provide VeriSign certificates below is one process
from Internet Junction:
a.Domain Ownership
i.The person applying for VeriSign must be either the owner of a registered domain or an employee of the company that owns the domain
b.Proof of Right
i.Organizations applying for VeriSign must be legitimate and registered with the proper government authorities. The following can be provided as proof
of right.
1.DUNS (Dun & Bradstreet) number
2.Business license
3.Articles of incorporation
4.Partnership papers

5.Business license
c.Application completion
i.Application is completed once the required documents have been verified
d.

Online Mobile Casino No Deposit Bonus Uk Essay
ONLINE MOBILE CASINO NO DEPOSIT BONUS UK
With the use of tablets and phones increasing daily in the United Kingdom, gamers have been moving from online casinos no deposit bonus ... to
mobile developed casino games. There has been more and more mobile applications being developed to quench the gamers need to play games easily.
If you are in the UK and you own a mobile devise such as iPad, iPhone or Android operated phone then you are in a very good position to play online
casino games wherever you want. Microgaming and Playtech provide some of the best gaming software in the UK. These companies are developing
established games that can be trusted by mobile users.
Usually all the mobile casinos will tend to have all classic casino games such as video poker, blackjack, slots games and roulette.
PLAYING MOBILE CASINO GAMES
Many UK mobile games will have a beginner's guide on their website to help the gamers get acquainted to the game. The promotion offer where you
open an account and get no deposit bonus is also being practiced widely on mobile casinos to lure more gamers. The gamers basically get free money
to play the mobile game for a stipulated time.
To play a particular game the gamer has to the mobile devise connected to the internet and access the website where you want to download the gaming
app. Most gaming website will automatically detect the devise you're using and you will be redirected to the appropriate mobile version of your
system. Smartphones have this great

Private Key Infrastructure Advantages And Disadvantages
Q1:
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a popular encryption and authentication approach used by both small businesses and large enterprises for exchanging
information based on, it make securely exchange data over networks such as the Internet and verify the identity of the other party. The foundation of a
PKI is the certificate authority (CA), which issues digital certificates that authenticate the identity of organizations and individuals over a public system
such as the Internet, and the certificates also used to sign messages, ensures messages are not been tampered.
There are Components for the PKI or Public Key Infrastructure. Below there are the components and the explanation of it ..
1: Digital Certificates
Digital certificates (public key certificates, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its data conversion uses a mathematical algorithm along with a secret key, which results in the inability to make sense out of a message. Symmetric
encrpytion is a two–way algorithm because the mathematical algorithm is reversed when decrypting the message along with using the same secret key.
Symmetric encryption is also known as private–key encryption and secure–key encryption. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
SYMMETRIC encryption
ADVANTAGES
пЂЄпЂ A symmetric Encryption is faster.
пЂЄпЂ In Symmetric Encryption, encrypted data can be transferred on the link even if there is a possibility that the data will be intercepted. Since
there is no key transmiited with the data, the chances of data being decrypted are null.
пЂЄпЂ A symmetric Encryption uses password authentication to prove the receiver's identity.
пЂЄA system only which possesses the secret key can decrypt a message.
DISADVANTAGES
пЂЄпЂ Symmetric Encryption have a problem of key transportation. The secret key is to be transmitted to the receiving system before the actual
message is to be transmitted. Every means of electronic communication is insecure as it

Software Networks With Predictive Emptive Certificate
OLSR based key management in VANET networks with Predictive Preemptive Certificate Chaima BENSAID1 , BOUKLI HACENE Sofiane2 ,
FAROUAN Kamel mohamed3 1 2 3 Computer science department, Djillali Liabes University at Sidi bel abbes , Sidi Bel Abbes , Algeria
Chaimaa184@hotmail.fr, boukli@gmail.com, kamel_mh@yahoo.fr Abstract– A VANET network is a subset of ad hoc networks where each mobile
node is an intelligent vehicle equipped with communication resources (sensor). The optimal goal is that these networks will contribute to safer roads
and more effective in the future by providing timely information to drivers. They are therefore vulnerable to many types of attacks. Many proposals
have been proposed to secure communication in VANETs. In this paper; we propose an approach to adopt a new method of distributing certificates in
VANET. In Our proposal the cluster
–head acts as a virtual CA and issues certificates to cluster members. The main objective of our approach is to
avoid making a new certificate request in case a node passes from a cluster to another. This approach has been evaluated by simulation study using the
simulator network NS–2. Keywords–PKI; VANET; CA; OLSR I.INTRODUCTION A VANET network is a subset of ad hoc networks where each
mobile node is an intelligent vehicle equipped with communication resources (sensor). In vehicular networks, there are three modes of communication,
communications Vehicle–to–vehicle (V2V), communications Vehicle–to–Infrastructure

Description about the Sensors in the Network
. PROBLEM STATEMENT & PROPOSED SCHEME
This section gives the description about the sensors, respective public and private key pair model and event generation in the network. This is
followed by the threat model of the network and the kind of adversaries which pose threat to the network. The design goals of the proposed scheme are
also listed.
Figure 1. Network model with attack scenario
1 System Model
We consider the sensors S={S1,S2, S3, .....Sx} are deployed where x is the population of the deployed sensors. Nodes are assumed to be deployed
in uniform random distribution. Prior to deployment, each sensor is assumed to be loaded with a public /private keypair (pi; si), for i = 1; 2; 3;
4;.....x. Among the public key cryptosystems available, we assume to used ID–based public key cryptography.
The event generation in the network, is considered to be random. Event is sensed by the neighboring sensor nodes where the event has occurred.
These neighboring nodes will try to report the event occurred to the sink or base station through anonymous authentication, maintaining the privacy of
the event as well as privacy of the nodes in terms of location and identity. So the neighboring nodes of the occurred event will form a ring signature
groups addressing other selective nodes in the network. The size of the rings will depend on the number of neighboring nodes when the event has
occurred. The payload of the messages will depend on the number of nodes in the anonymity set of

Vantura Partners Case Study
Vantura Partners, LLC
Established in 2003, Vantura Partners group provides Information Technology (IT) Security Services and has an enviable reputation for consistent
delivery and extensive IT security knowledge working with top the fortune 500 companies. The following report details best security practices and
policies as it may be applied to our own internal network and also the customers we support.
Public Key Infrastructures
Public key infrastructure also known as PKI refers to a suite of software, hardware, people, policies and procedures needed to manage, distribute,
create, store, revoke and utilize digital certificates. The use of digital certificates will help customers of Vantura Partners group in a number of ways
allowing for secure e–commerce, confidential e–mail, secure banking, and Non–Repudiation for contracts. In the most secure environments where
strong passwords are an inadequate means of identifying a person and vulnerable to man–in–the middle attacks.
PKI ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The technology has advanced considerably over the last few years and although still not considered the perfect security however will very likely be the
method most used to positively identify an individual. The most common uses of biometrics includes characteristics found in fingerprints, face
recognition, iris, signatures and even actual DNA.
Biometrics can be used for either identification scheme or verification. For example the use of facial recognition allows a system to identity a person
without his or hers knowledge or permission. Devices like these have been tested at security checkpoints, casinos, airports and could be used to
identify a terrorist or wanted criminal. Also the use of biometrics in verification. For example instead of using a password to grant access the system
uses a fingerprints or the scan of an

The Threat Of Attending Rsa 's Cyber Security Seminar
Recently, I had the privilege of attending RSA's cyber security seminar in San Francisco, CA, the seminar was held from February 13th to the 17th.
Furthermore, some of the top cyber experts in the industry were available afterwards, to answer one–on–one questions. Even though, the one–on–one
was not a part of my package, I still learned some valuable information for the seminar. For example, the seminar devoted a few hours to internet
banking and provided the banking industry with tips on how to thwart attacks and what forms those attacks might come in. After the seminar
concluded, I went to grab a quick bite to eat in the hotel restaurant, before catching my flight back. Thus, I was excited to share all the information I
learned with my... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, fraudsters use social engineering to deceive the bank customers and gain access to sensitive online credentials (Schneider, 2013, p. 480).
Unfortunately, fraudsters use phishing to hold clients' customer data through making phone calls or sending emails to determine information on the
payment cards. Moreover, the information obtained through phishing enables the fraudsters to obtain access and make withdrawals, thus forging the
customers' identity. For example, backdoor programs, such as Cart32, steal customer data (Schneider, 2013, p.430). Therefore, phishing not only
impacts negatively internet banking but also poses threats to the bank payment system.
According to Schneider (2013), the phishing scheme involves the fraudsters using stenography in spoofed emails to lead bank customers to a prototype
of their bank's websites that look legitimate. However, the fake website would be designed to steal their information (p. 427). Thus, the websites save
customers financial information through coaxing bank customers to learn their credit card numbers and social security numbers. Moreover, the
fraudsters may use advertisements or deliver emails that appear to be sent by IB bank. Further, the advertisements contain website links that replicate
customers' bank's website. Moreover, fraudsters may use mobile communication to ask bank customers about the information concerning their banks

Information About a New Pradigm, Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is a new paradigm in which computing resources:(i) Processing, (ii) Memory and (iii) Storage are not physically present at the user's
location. The proposed system will create the multiple users to monitor and handle the data integration physically in the Third Party Auditor (TPA). A
utilization of homomorphic linear authenticator and random mask will guarantees that the TPA will unable to retrieve any information / data content
stored in the cloud server during auditing process. In the proposed work, the reinforcement of TPA handles multiple audit sessions from an outsourced
data files and extend the existed Privacy–Preserving Public Auditing Protocol (P3AP) into an Multi–User Public Auditing Protocol (MUPAP). It
performs an efficient Multiple Auditing Tasks (MAT) to typically eliminate the burden of tedious and expensive auditing task and improves outsourced
data leakage Cloud computing is more convenient, on–demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be
hastily provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Outsourced data is merely the farming out of
services to a third party auditor. By data outsourcing, users can be relieved from the trouble of local data storage and maintenance. But during this
sharing of the data, there are huge chances of data vulnerability, leakage or threats. So, to prevent this problem a data leakage reduction scheme has been

Quality Education Critical For Advancement Of Informal...
Quality Education Critical for Advancement of Informal Leadership
Most people perceive leadership only in terms of positions of power, where they can exert their influence in either achieving their personalized
desires or making things done their way. However, there are other forms of leadership, which invaluably lead to not only personal, but also
organizational and national progress. Consider expertise as a guide to venturing into leadership. One is able to influence change anywhere only through
acquiring superior skills, which could be applied in a vocation or profession.
Another excellent example is moral authority. People who are honest, trustworthy and thus believable tend to positively create their own sphere of
influence, not only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The massive unemployment then must have been an indication of a bigger problem, as we have now come to learn.
The results for the Kenya certificate of Secondary Education for 2016 (KSCE) seem to have revealed the genesis of the unemployment and
unemployabilty challenges. There is no way that students with poor or compromised grades would end up becoming better during their university
education, or thereafter in life. Further, no amount of education or certificates can improve their chances of being productive in the future. It is like
feeding a Boran cow with daily bran and expecting it to increase the milk yield.
Meanwhile, the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) advocate a concept termed as Quality First Deployment (QFD). It is about ensuring
quality input during the initial stages of the production process. In the school system context, it means admitting only the best students for university
education. When this condition is observed, it is highly likely that only a few of the best students will end up becoming mediocre along the education
path and thereafter. The converse is also true. When we feed the university education system with students who have benefited from leaked
examinations, continued mediocrity in the economy and entire national spectrum is guaranteed.
Thus, based on the Kenya Certificate of Secondary education (KCSE) results for last year, it's clearly evident that innumerable students with
compromised grades have been

Design And Implementation Of Modern Home / Office Network...
Chapter4: Design and Implementation
In previous chapter the requirements, domain and technical analysis are done to capture the granular requirements build as component architecture.
This section provides high level design (HLD) of the components and steps on coding and implementation.
High Level Design
The high level design of modern home/office network monitoring is illustrated in the diagram below. Figure 4.1 High Level Design
The major components of this diagram are listed below.
1.AWS–IOT
2.Rule Engine
3.AWS SNS
4.SMS
5.Email
6.Raspberry Publisher
7.AWS Mobile Controller Panel
AWS–IOT Project Setup
In this project, 6 things are followed for creating network monitoring project. AWS has provided user friendly interface through which below things are
created.
StepIconPurpose
Create a tingThis is a project name to represent the device in the cloud. After creation of the thing, AWS set the name in the registry so that things can
be shadow for Raspberry device. This provides the attributes which help to make search faster for other users.
Create a thing typeThis is optional setting with default as "No Type". This is used to club the things for registry reference purpose. In this project type
of thing is kept as default because there are not multiple things.
Create a ruleThis is the rule engine which connects with Raspberry Pi for code execution. In this project IoT rule connects with Raspberry Pi using
Python Phaho code.
Use my certificateThis is a

Public Key Infrastructure
Public key infrastructure, known as PKI supports the distribution and identification of public encryption keys which allows users and computers to
securely exchange data over the internet and networks to confirm the identity of the other party. Without PKI, sensitive information can still be
encrypted and exchanged, but there would be no assurance of the identity of the other party. Any form of sensitive data exchanged over the Internet is
reliant on PKI for security.
A standard PKI consists of several components: hardware, software, policies and standards, administration, distribution of keys and digital certificates.
Digital certificates are at the heart of PKI as they confirm the identity of the certificate subject and bind that identity to the public key contained in the
certificate. A typical PKI includes several key elements. A trusted party, known as acertificate authority or CA, acts as the root of trust and provides
services that authenticate the identity of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company can choose between using a public certification authority or operating an in house a private CA.
The in–house approach provides the maximum level of control. Certificates and keys can be made any time with little wait time. However, the cost
of software licenses, maintenance fees, and the expense to purchase and deploy the entire supporting infrastructure can be big. Also add in training of
a few employees or hiring new ones with the needed skills. The cost will pay for its self eventually. (Walder, Bob. July 2003)
Outsourcing the PKI service will allow for faster implementation. The initial cost is low but will be continuous. There is no need for training or new
employees. Availability will be the key deciding component. Will the outsourced company be available anytime? How long is the turnaround time
when requesting a certificate? (Walder, Bob. July

Network Security Concepts Essay
Network Security Concepts
File security falls into two categories, encryption and access. Access to files can mean physical access to a computer with unsecured files or access
via user permissions or privileges in the form of access control lists (ACLs) (Strengthen Your Users' File Security, 2003). The files kept on a server
with NTFS storage can be locked to prevent anyone who does not have the correct permissions from opening them. This is secure but can be bypassed
with physical access to an open computer and should not be used for sensitive information. The other method of securing files is by encrypting the
information in the files using an Encrypting File System (EFS), which employs public key encryption privileges (Strengthen ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Secret and private keys are very similar and are often used interchangeably. The difference is that secret keys are used for both encryption and
decryption, while a private key is part of the public/private key system and is used only for decryption (Cryptography, 2005). In both cases, the key
may be known only to a single person or a limited group of people in order to keep the key secure.
Public–Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a method of verifying users on a network, while a digital certificate is a reference from a neutral company that
confirms the identity of an internet site (Shay, 2004, p. 321) and (Tomsho, G., Tittel, E. Johnson, D., 2004, P. 378). The digital certificate is issued by a
Certificate Authority (CA) such as Verisign, and a registration authority (RA) that acts as a reference to identify an entity to a user of the website,
and uses a directory that holds the certificate and can revoke a company's digital status. The PKI technology is at the core of the digital certificates
used in almost all transactions on the internet. The PKI uses a cryptographic key pair, one of which is public and one which is private, to authenticate
the owner of the certificate (PKI, 2002).
In each of the layers of the OSI model, there are security risks that exist and are developing now, and

Technology Of The Internet Of Things Security

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