TRANSPORT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE DISEASES RELATED DUE TO DEFECT IN TRANSPORT MECHANISM

1. DISEASES RELATED DUE
TO DEFECT IN TRANSPORT
MECHANISM

2. TRANSPORT ACROSS THE
PLASMA MEMBRANE

4. TRANSPORT ACROSS THE
PLASMA MEMBRANE
ACTIVE transport
• Energy coupling can transport against a
concentration gradient.
 Primary ---Transport is coupled to a chemical process
(ATP hydrolysis).
 Secondary ---Transport is coupled to a favorable
transport process

5. Primary

6. • It requires energy molecule (ATP)
• Molecules move from area of low
concentration to area of high concentration.
• Active transport of molecules or ions is
achieved through the use of an integral
membrane protein.
• 3 types of membrane protein:
• *UNIport
• *SYMport
• *ANTIport

8. BULK transport
#Phagocytosis
#Pinocytosis .
#Endocytosis
#Exocytosis

9. PASSIVE transport
 Energy coupling can transport along a
concentration gradient
 This requires no energy.
 Molecules move from area of high
concentration to area of low concentration.

11. IONS THAT TRANSPORT THROUGH CELL
MEMBRANE
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Water
• Chloride ions
• Sodium ions
• Potassium ions
• Calcium ions

13. List of diseases
Alzheimer disease
Cystic fibrosis
Epilepsy and ataxia
Osteoporosis
Diabetes
Endocrine disorders
Renal diseases
Cardiac arrehythmias
Muscle excitation

14. ALZHEIMER’S
 Brain cell death.
Neurodegenerative disease
 Show tiny inclusions in the nerve tissue, called
plaques and tangles.
• Plaques are found between the dying cells in the
brain - from the build-up of a protein called beta-
amyloid (you may hear the term "amyloid
plaques").
• The tangles are within the brain neurons - from a
disintegration of another protein, called tau.

15.  Causes:
*Ageing
*Environmental factors like stress
*Family history and genetics
Symptoms:
 Memory loss
 Unable to do normal tasks like cooking,dressing etc
 Unable to recognize relatives,friends,irritation,wandering-off
 Some lose ability to take care of themselves
 Changes in personality and behavior
 Impairments to reasoning, complex tasking, exercising judgment

16. • Stages of Alzheimer's disease
• The progression of Alzheimer's can be broken
down into three basic stages:
• Preclinical (no signs or symptoms yet)
• Mild cognitive impairment
Dementia.
Mechanism:
 Clumps of amyloid peptides grow in brain
Protein strands twist damaging brain cells
Brain cells die and some part of the brain shrinks

17. PREVENTION
Control the risk factors like blood
pressure,diabetes and stroke.
Avoid stress in mildlife
Leading an active mental and physical life.
Drugs prescribed:
Drugs helps in to remove excess peptides from
the brain.EG:Tacrine,Donepezil
Vaccines to boost immune system against the
peptides.

29. CYSTINURIA