Here is describe The types of operation in machine instruction .

1. Computer Architecture And Organization Presentation
Presenting To
Sheikh Shah Mohammad Motiur Rahman
Lecturer , Department of Software Engineering
Daffodil International University
Presenting By
Ashraful Islam Sheiblu
Id:152-35-1129
Sec : B

2. TOPIC
Types of operations in
machine instruction
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 2

3. TYPES OF OPERATIONS
• Data transfer
• Arithmetic
• Logical
• Conversion
• I/O
• Transfer of control
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 3

4. DATA TRANSFER PROCESSOR ACTIONS
Transfer data from one location to another.
If memory is involved:
• Determine memory address
• Perform virtual-to-actual-memory
address transformation
• Check cache
• Initiate memory read/write
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION
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5. DATA TRANSFER OPERATION NAME
• Move
• Store
• Load
• Exchange
• Clear
• Set
• Push
• Pop
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 5

6. DATA TRANSFER OPERATION
Operation Name Description
Move (transfer) Transfer word or block from source to destination
Store Transfer word from processor to memory
Load (fetch) Transfer word from memory to processor
Exchange Swap contents of source and destination
Set Transfer word of 1s to destination
Push Transfer word from source to top of stack
Pop Transfer word from top of stack to destination
Clear (reset) Transfer word of 0s to destination
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION
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7. ARITHMETIC PROCESSOR ACTIONS
• May involve data transfer , before and/or after
• Arithmetic Perform function in ALU
• Set condition codes and flags
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 7

8. ARITHMETIC OPERATION NAME
• Add
• Subtract
• Multiply
• Divide
• Absolute
• Negate
• Increment
• Decrement
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 8

9. ARITHMETIC OPERATION
Operation Name Description
Add Compute sum of two operands
Subtract Compute difference of two operands
Multiply Compute product of two operands
Divide Compute quotient of two operands
Absolute Replace operand by its absolute value
Negate Change sign of operand
Increment Add 1 to operand
Decrement Subtract 1 from operand
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 9

10. LOGICAL OPERATION NAME
• And
• Or
• Not
• Exclusive
• Compare
• Set Control Variables
• Shift
• Rotate
LOGICAL PROCESS ACTION
Same as arithmetic
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION
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11. LOGICAL OPERATION
Operation Name Description
AND Perform logical AND
OR Perform logical OR
NOT Perform logical NOT
Exclusive-OR Perform logical XOR
Test Test specified condition; set flag(s) based on
outcome
Shift Left (right) shift operand, introducing constants
at end
Rotate Left (right) shift operand, with wraparound end
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 11

12. CONVERSION OPERATION NAME
• Translate
• Convert
CONVERSION PROCESSOR ACTIONS
Similar to arithmetic and logical . May involve special
logic to perform conversion
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 12

13. INPUT / OUTPUT (I/O) OPERATION
NAME
• Input (read)
• Output(read)
• Start I/O
• Test I/O
INPUT / OUTPUT (I/O) PROCESSOR
ACTIONS
• Issue command to I/O module
• If memory-mapped I/O, determine memory-
mapped address
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION
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14. INPUT / OUTPUT (I/O)
Operation Name Description
Input (read) Transfer data from specified I/O port or
device to destination.
Output (write) Transfer data from specified source to
I/O port or device.
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 14

15. TRANSFER OF CONTROL NAME
• Jump (branch)
• Jump Conditional
• Jump to Subroutine
• Return
• Execute
• Skip
• Skip Conditional
• No Operation
TRANSFER OF CONTROL PROCESSOR ACTIONS
Update program counter . For subroutine call/return , manage
parameter passing and linkage
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION
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16. TRANSFER OF CONTROL OPERATION
Operation Name Description
Jump Unconditional transfer; load PC with
specified address .
Return Replace contents of PC and other register
from known location.
Execute Fetch operand from specified location and
execute as instruction; do not modify PC.
Skip Increment PC to skip next instruction .
No operation No operation is performed, but program
execution is continued.
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION
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17. THANK YOU
TYPES OF OPERATIONS IN MACHINE INSTRUCTION 17