Liquid biofertilizers are suspensions having agriculturally useful microorganisms, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and solubilize insoluble phosphates and make it available for the plant.

2. Seminar On
Research Guide
Dr. V. G. TAKANKHAR
Associate Professor
Dept. of soil Science and Agril.
Chemistry, Ambajogai
Presented by
CHATARKAR D.V.
2015A/39ML
Dept. of SSAC
Seminar Incharge
Dr. P.H VAIDYA
Associate Professor
Dept. of soil Science and Agril.
Chemistry, Latur.
EFFECT OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZERS ON
GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF PULSES

3. .
INTRODUCTION

4. • Liquid biofertilizers are suspensions having agriculturally useful
microorganisms, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and solubilize
insoluble phosphates and make it available for the plant.
• Liquid biofertilizer formulation is the promising and updated
technology which in spite of many advantages over the agrochemicals
left a considerable dispute among the farmer community in terms of
several reasons major being the viability of the organisms.
• Liquid biofertilizer is increasingly available in the market as one of the
alternatives to chemical fertilizer and pesticide.
.
What is liquid Biofertilizer

5. • Traditionally liquid biofertilizer produced from fermentation of effective
microorganisms (EM) was recommended to be used within one year.
• Liquid biofertilizer known to influence nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen
fixation and growth, yield quality of pulses.
• They reduces the use of chemical fertilizer by 15-40%.
• They have long shelf life and easy to produce and apply.
• More temperature tolerant and contamination free.

6. BENEFITS OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER
• The advantages of liquid biofertilizer over conventional carrier
based biofertilizer are listed below:
• Longer shelf life 12-14 month.
• NO contamination.
• Easy to identification by typical fermented smell.
• Better survival on seeds and soil.
• Easy to apply.
• High commercial revenues.

7. ROLE OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER
• They supplement chemical fertilizers for meeting the integrated nutrients
demand for the crop.
• Appilication of bio-fertilizers results in increased and water uptake,root
development,vegetative growth and nitrogen fixation.
• They acts as antagonists and suppress the incidence of soil borne plant
pathogens an thus, helps in the bio-control of diseases.
• They can add 20-200kg N/ha under optimum soil condition and there by
increased crop yield 15-25%of total crop yield.
• Some bio-fertilizer (e.g.Rhizobium,BGA,Azotobactor sp.) stimulate the
production of growth promoting substance like vitamine-B complex ,indole
acetic acid and gibberellic acids etc

8. • Phosphate solubilizing or mobilizing biofertilizer convert
the insoluble soil phosphate into soluble forms by
secreting several organic acid and under optimum
conditions they can solubilize/mobilize about 30-50 kg p2o5
ha due to which crop yield increased by 10 to 20%.
• They liberate growth promoting substances and vitamins
and help to maintain soil fertility.
• They are cheaper,pollution free and renewable energy
sources.
• They improve the soil fertility and soil productivity.
• Play important role in the recycling of plant nutrient

9. OBJECTIVE OF APPLYING OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZER
• To increased the number and biological activity of useful micro-
organisn that accelerate certain microbial processes to augment the
of availability nutrients which can be easily assimilated by plants.
• The need for the use of biofertilizers arisen primarily due to two
reasons i.e.through the chemical fertilizers increase crop productivity
and crop production but intensive use of the chemical fertilizer has
caused serious concern to soil texture, soil fertility and other
environmental problems;use of biofertilizer is both economical as
well as environment friendly.

10. HOW TO APPLY LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER
• There are three ways of using liquid Bio-fertilizer
1. Seed treatment
2. Root dipping
3. Soil application

11. Seed Treatment
 Seed Treatment is a most common method adopted for all types of inoculants. The seed
treatment is effective and economic.For small quantity of seeds (up to 5 kgs quantity) the coating
can done in a plastic bag. For this purpose, a plastic bag having size (21” x 10”) or big size can be
used.
 The bag should be filled with 2 kg or more of seeds. The bag should be closed in such a way to
trap the airs as much as possible. The bag should be squeezed for 2 minutes or more until all the
seed are uniformly wetted.
Then bag is opened, inflated again and shaked gently. Stop shaking after each seeds gets a
uniform layer of culture coating. The bag is opened and the seed is dried under the shade for 20-
30 minutes.
For large amount of seeds coating can be done in a bucket and inoculant can be mixed directly
with hand. Seed Treatment with Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, along with PSM can be
done.

12. Root dipping
For application of Azospirillum/ /PSM on paddy transplating/ vegetable
crops this method is used. The required quantity of Azospirillum/ /PSM
has to be mixed with 5-10 litres of water at one corner of the field and
the roots of seedlings has to be dipped for a minimum of half-an-hour
before transplantation.
 Soil application
Use 200ml of PSM per acre. Mix PSM with 400 to 600 kgs of Cow dung
FYM along with ½ bag of rock phosphate if available. The mixture of PSM,
cow dung and rock phosphate have to be kept under any tree or under
shade for over night and maintain 50% moisture. Use the mixture as soil
application in rows or during leveling of soil.

13. Classification of liquid biofertilizers

14. Sr. No. Groups Examples
N2 fixing Biofertilizers
1 Free living Azotobactor,Clostridium,Nostoc
2 Symbiotic Rhizobium, frankia,Anabaena azolla
3 Associative Symbiotic Azospirillum
P Solubilizing Biofertilizers
1 Bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Phosphaticum
2 Fungi Penicillium sp.,Aspergillus awamori
P Mobilizing biofertilizers
1 Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.
2 Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria sp.,Amanita sp.
3 Ericoid mycorrhiza Pezizella ericae
4 Orchid mycorrhiza Rhizoctonia solani
Biofertilizers for Micro nutrient
1 Silicate and Zinc solubilizers Bacillus sp.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
1 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens

15. Crop Recommended
Biofertilizer
Application method
(5 ml / kg seed)
Pulses
( chicpea,Green
gram,Black gram
Pigeon pea etc )
Rhizobium /PSB Seed treatment
Cereals
(Wheat,Oat,Rice etc)
Azotobacter
/Azopirillum,PSB
Seed treatment
Oil seed
(Musterd,Seasum,
Sunflower,Castor etc)
Azotobactor/PSB
Seed treatment
Millets
( Pearl millets,Finger
millets,Kodo millets
etc)
Azotobactor/PSB Seed treatment
Dosage of Liquid biofertilizer in Different Crops

16. Table 1 Area, production and productivity of major pulses in India
( Areas: lakh ha, production ; lakh tonnes, productivity ; kg/ha)
Particulars Area Percent Production percent Productivity
Chickpea 73.7 38.71 58.9 48.28 799.19
Tur 36.3 19.07 27.6 22.62 760.33
Mungbean 34.4 18.07 14 11..48 406.98
Uradbean 31 16.28 14 11.48 451.61
Lentil 15 7.88 9.5 7.79 633.33
Total 190.4 100.0 124 101.64 651.2

17. Growth Of Black Gram influenced by various treatment
Treatment Mean plant height at
harvest
No. of leaves at harvest Total dry matter at
harvest (g)
T1-RDF+Rhizobium(CB) 38.87 3.07 12.25
T2-RDF+PSB(CB) 37.60 3.05 9.58
T3-RDF+Rhizobium(CB)+PSB(CB) 42.67 3.36 13.90
T4-RDF+Rhizobium(LB) 40.33 3.23 13.58
T5-RDF+PSB(LB) 37.67 3.08 11.50
T6-RDF+Rhizobium(LB)+PSB(LB) 44.20 3.80 14.50
T7-RDFOnly 35.07 2.47 7.41
SE± 1.6 20.2 10.74
C.D at 5% 4.88 0.64 2.22
General Mean 39.49 3.15 11.82
Dorle et. al. (2015)Department of Agronomy,VNMKV,Parbhani

18. Seed, straw yield and biological yield (kg /ha)of black gram as influenced by various
treatment
Treatment Seed yield (kg /ha) Straw yield (kg/ha) Biological yield(kg/ha)
T1-RDF+Rhizobium(CB) 979.48 2084.10 3063.58
T2-RDF+PSB(CB) 934.01 1928.67 2862.68
T3-RDF+Rhizobium(CB)+PSB(CB) 1079.74 2131.6 3210.73
T4-RDF+Rhizobium(LB) 1034.74 2116.51 3151.25
T5-RDF+PSB(LB) 952.5 1962.63 2914.68
T6-RDF+Rhizobium(LB)+PSB(LB) 1209.72 2248.13 3457.84
T7-RDFOnly 781.15 1774.71 2555.87
SE± 73.71 87.21 118.90
C.D at 5% 222.55 263.31 358.97
General Mean 995.75 2035.20 3030.95
Dorle et. al.(2015)Department of Agronomy,VNMKV,Parbhani

19. Effect of biofertiizers on yield of cowpea and nutrient status of harvested soil
treatment Seed yield
q/ha
Straw yield
q/ha
Organic
carbon(%)
Available
Nitrogen kg/ha
Available
Phosphorouskg/ha
Available Potassium
kg/ha
Biofrtilizer
No inoculation 10.50 18.55 0.245 121.53 15.86 150.26
Rhizobium 12.15 21.33 0.256 131.42 19.86 169.53
PSB 11.93 21.01 0.253 131.14 19.90 164.70
Rhizobium+PSB 13.65 23.78 0.267 155.67 20.89 179.54
S.Em- 0.34 0.65 0.003 3.20 0.34 2.53
CD(P=0.05) 0.98 1.84 0.009 9.13 0.96 7.22
Khan et al. (2013)
S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner,Rajasthan-303 329

20. Growth parameters,root nodulation and yield attributing characters of blackram as influenced by sulphur levels
and bioretilizer trearment (Mean of two years)
Plant height (cm) NO of
branches/plants
Wt of root
nodules/plant
DRY matter /plants Pods/plants Seeds/plants 1000-grain
weight(g)
Seed weight/plants
(g)
Straw wt/plants (g)
‘S’ level
0 22.47 7.91 4.85 30.82 30.72 8.00 50.84 3.43 8.98
15 22.61 8.38 5.28 31.83 32.58 8.16 52.47 3.77 9.11
30 22.95 8.50 5.80 33.00 34.34 8.17 52.39 3.67 9.68
45 22.86 9.11 6.18 34.28 34.54 8.20 52.84 3.99 10.17
60 23.55 9.37 6.46 35.94 37.16 8.43 54.93 4.15 10.81
C.D.(P=0.05) 0.26 0.11 0.22 0.31 4.60 0.16 2.04 0.31 1.14
Biofertilizers
No biofertilizer 21.24 7.52 4.73 23.01 29.22 7.35 49.47 3.52 8.08
Rhizobium bacteria 23.23 8.73 5.64 36.14 34.54 8.12 52.25 3.69 9.66
PSB 22.07 7.94 5.14 33.70 32.68 8.35 52.65 3.61 9.35
Rhizobium+PSB 25.01 10.43 7.31 39.84 39.02 8.95 56.40 4.39 11.90
C.D.(P=0.05) 0.23 0.10 0.20 0.28 4.12 0.14 1.83 0.28 1.02
Interaction Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig
Marko et. al. (2013)Department of Crop science,Santa,M.P.

21. Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizer on growth parameters of cowpea
Treatment Plant height (cm) No.of
branches/plant
Chlorophyll
content(mg/g)
Total root
nodules
Effective root
nodules
Fresh wight
(mg/plant)
Dry weight
(mg/plant)
Leghaemoglobin
content(mg/g)
Fertility levels
F0:Control 58.26 7.90 1.95 4509 29.58 424.5 90.98 1.44
F1: 100%rRDF 61.38 8.73 2.17 47.96 31.44 455.0 98.46 1.69
F2: 75%rRDF+ VC(2t/ha) 63.21 9.47 2.37 51.00 33.58 503.3 106.50 2.09
F3: 100%rRDF+VC(2t/ha) 66.18 9.72 2.46 53.20 34.80 525.3 111.31 2.20
S.E. 1.34 0.25 0.06 0.98 0.65 10.02 2.38 0.05
C>D>(P=o.o5 3.88 0.72 0.17 2.84 1.87 28.93 6.86 0.15
Biofertilizers 424.0
B0:No inculation 58.46 7.98 1.92 45.13 29.13 91.20 1.32
B1:Rhizobium 62.45 9.10 2.29 49.49 32.58 480.0 103.41 2.01
B2:PSB 62.09 8.93 2.26 49.07 32.44 474.0 101.04 1.92
B3:Rhizobium+ PSb 66.03 9.81 2.48 53.59 35.25 530.0 111.60 2.17
S.E. 1.34 0.25 0.06 0.98 0.65 10.02 2.38 0.05
C.D.(P=0.05) 3.88 0.72 0.17 2.84 1.87 28.93 6.86 0.15
Meena et. al. (2015)Dept. of SSAC, SKN Agril Univercity, Jobner

22. Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizer on yield attributes and yield of cowpea
Treratnent No.of pods
/plant
No.of seeds
/pod
Test weight(g) Seed yield
(q/ha)
Straw yield
(q/ha)
Biological yield
(q/ha)
Harvest
index %
Fertility levels
F0:Control 7.03 7.24 75.80 9.20 16.26 25.46 35.88
F1: 100%rRDF 8.49 8.08 76.30 10.90 20.93 31.83 34.01
F2: 75%rRDF+ VC(2t/ha) 9.21 8.79 76.80 16.11 24.96 40.37 39.64
F3: 100%rRDF+VC(2t/ha) 9.40 9.21 76.98 16.61 25.19 41.80 39.47
S.E.± 0.24 0.23 2.13 0.27 0.61 0.98 0.95
C>D>(P=o.o5 0.68 0.67 NS 0.77 1.76 2.84 NS
Biofertilizers
B0:No inculation 7.22 7.27 75.88 9.10 16.81 25.91 34.77
B1:Rhizobium 8.75 8.45 76.60 14.10 22.74 36.79 37.95
B2:PSB 8.65 8.39 76.48 13.52 22.61 36.26 36.92
B3:Rhizobium+ PSb 9.51 9.21 76.92 16.09 24.40 40.49 39.36
S.E. 0.24 0.23 2.13 0.27 0.61 0.98 0.95
C.D.(P=0.05) 0.68 0.67 NS 0.77 1.76 2.84 NS
Meena et. al. (2015)Dept. of SSAC, SKN Agril Univercity, Jobner

23. Productivity, economicsand qulities of black gram as influenced by sulphure levels and biofertilizer treatment
Treatment Grain yield
(q/ha)
Harvest index
(%)
Net income(%) Differences
over control
(Rs./ha)
Benefit : Cost
ratio
Seed protein Protein yield Carbohydrate
content (%)
Sulphur levels
0 9.23 35.24 16070 - 1.90 20.29 188.0 0348
15 10.10 36.59 18683 2613 2.01 21.42 216.9 0.385
30 10.70 37.56 20323 4253 2.07 22.52 241.5 0.441
45 11.27 37.93 21883 5813 2.13 23.30 263.2 0.478
60 11.97 38.36 23908 7838 2.20 23.88 286.4 0.503
C.D.(P=0.05) 0.67 2.00 - - - 0.38 2.41 0.018
Biofertilizer
No biofertilizer 9.40 36.63 15940 - 1.86 21.77 205.6 0.373
Rhizobium
bacteria
10.73 39.24 20176 4236 2.10 22.16 238.8 0.465
PSB 10.25 35.58 18707 2767 1.98 22.29 229.5 0.372
Rhizobium
+PSB
12.24 36.14 25870 9930 2.35 22.91 281.4 0.512
C.D.
(P=0.05)
0.60 2.33 - - - 0.34 2.17 0.016
Interaction Sig. Sig. - - - Sig. Sig. Sig
Marko et. al.(2013)Department of Crop science, Satna, M.P.

24. Performance of Black gram under various Biofertilizers treatment
Treatment Average No of
pod/plant
Average Length of pod (cm) Average No of grains/pod Test weight Yield/ha.(q)
Control 31.96 3.87 5.03 33.17 8.23
25 kg P 33.60 4.10 5.47 34.17 9.16
10 kg N 23.20 4.10 5.40 33.17 8.57
25 kg P+ 10 kg N 35.37 4.17 5.87 34.37 9.62
PSB 32.27 3.90 5.17 33.33 8.49
PSB+ 25 kg P 34.00 3.93 5.60 34.23 9.45
PSB + 10 kg N 32.47 3.93 5.43 33.80 8.60
PSB+25 kg P+ 10 kg N 36.20 4.17 6.13 34.50 10.11
Rhizobium 32.00 4.03 5.10 33.33 8.39
Rhizobium + 25 kg P 34.30 4.10 5.53 34.17 9.27
Rhizobium + 10 kg N 34.40 3.90 5.43 33.57 8.58
Rhizobium +25 kg P+ 10 kg N 36.10 3.03 6.07 34.37 9.71
Rhizobium +PSB 32.30 3.90 5.20 33.40 8.51
Rhizobium + PSB + 25 kg P 34.63 4.17 5.87 34.27 9.62
Rhizobium + PSB+ 10 kg N 33.43 3.90 5.47 34.13 8.88
Rhizobium +PSB +25 kg P+10 kg N 37.17 4.20 6.17 34.60 10.31
CD @ 5 % (P=0.05) 0.84 0.20 0.32 0.29 0.77
Sheikh et.al. (2012)
Dept. of Agronomy Deemed Univrsity, Allahabad

25. Effect of biofertilizer and sulphur levels on growth and yield of black gram
Treatment Plant ht (cm )
(30DAS)
Nodules
(45DAS)
Dry weight (60
DAS)
Yield (q/ha.) Straw yield (Q/ha)
Control 25.78 32.67 12.63 7.23 24.40
20 kg S / ha 27.29 34.00 13.08 7.43 24.50
30 kg S /ha 27.28 33.10 13.00 7.40 24.43
PSB 27.34 34.60 13.88 7.57 25.43
PSB +20 kg S / ha 27.77 37.80 14.61 8.20 26.17
PSB +30 kg S/ ha 27.67 37.60 14.45 7.87 26.07
Rhizobium 28.27 40.00 8.43 8.43 26.47
Rhizobium + 20 kg S / ha 28.86 43.67 16.53 8.90 27.33
Rhizobium + 30 kg S/ ha 28.47 41.60 16.05 8.60 27.10
Rhizobium +PSB 29.60 43.93 16.89 9.23 27.67
Rhizobium +PSB + 20 kg S /
ha
31.13 50.74 17.97 10.57 28.37
Rhizobium +PSB + 30 kg S /
ha
30.09 49.73 17.63 9.77 27.39
S.Em 0.17 0.32 0.08 0.08 0.06
C.D. at 5 % 0.35 0.67 0.16 0.16 0.13Khatkar et. al. (2007)Dept. of Agronomy Deemed Univrsity, Allahabad

26. Integrated nutrient management with biofertilizers in Pigeonpea under rainfed situation
Treatment Nodule
number/plant
Dry wt/plant
(mg)
Plant height
(cm)
Dry wt /plant
at 45 DAS
Plot
PL.dry wt
(kg)
Yield
(kg/ha)
Uninoculated control 6.93 18.40 46.00 2.54 2.33 859
RDF(20:50NP kg/ha) 4.93 24.87 42.67 3.04 3.17 1157
RDF+(Rh+PSB) 6.53 34.40 59.33 3.67 3.43 1208
Compost(10t/ha) 7.53 33.17 60.67 3.58 3.33 1033
Compost+(Rh+PSB) 8.53 31.53 70.00 3.51 3.50 1054
RDF(50%) +compost
(2.5t/ha)+(Rh+PSB)
10.07 33.87 65.53 3.80 3.90 1111
RDF (50%) + compost (5t/ha) +
(Rh+PSB)
11.27 37.73 69.33 4.59 4.37 1265
RDF(25%) + compost (5t/ha)
+(Rh+PSb)
11.80 35.40 72.67 3.64 3.63 1219
S.Em± 0.27 1.70 2.17 0.17 0.14 60
CD at 5 % 1.72 5.16 8.41 0.51 0.43 182
CV(%) 11.61 9.46 7.91 8.25 7.08
Patil et. al. (2004)Department of Agril. Microbiology college of agri. Bijapur

27. Effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield characters of summer green gram
Treatment Pods/pla
nt
Pod
length(cm)
Seeds/pod Test
wt.(cm)
Seed
yield/plant
(g)
Seed
yield
(kg/ha)
Stover
yield
(kg/ha)
Harvest
index (%)
Bio-
fertilizerts
B0 : control 21.49 6.83 8.49 44.91 3.57 800 5189 13.35
B1 : PSB
inoculation
22.90 7.20 9.04 45.43 3.75 1075 5753 15.74
B2
:Rhiziobium
inoculation
23.03 7.28 9.48 45.98 4.08 1100 5800 16.40
S.E.± 0.24 0.07 0.20 0.23 0.13 36.60 134.91 0.58
C.D. at 5% 0.70 0.20 0.56 0.66 0.38 105.32 388.17 NS
Interaction
(P)
Sig. Sig. NS NS NS NS NS NS
C.V. (%) 4.35 3.91 8.75 4.57 14.04 14.04 9.73 14.66
Gajera et.al.(2014)Krushi Vigyan Kendra, Dedipada Gujarat

28. Yeild attributes and yield of pigeonpea influenced by different fertility level
Treatment (Fertility
levels)
No.of
pods/plan
t
Test
wt.(1000)
Grain
yield(kg/ha)
Stalk yield
(kg/ha)
Harvest Index
50% RDF 129.90 94.80 1235 3706 18.3
100 %RDF 135.87 96.42 1445 4548 19.0
50 % RDF + 5t FYM 139.66 98.60 1649 4942 19.2
50 % RDF +5t Fym +Rh +
PSB
142.53 99.76 1800 5481 19.4
50 % RDF +Rh + PSB 132.70 95.31 1317 4337 19.0
100 % RDF+5t FYM 142.43 99.63 1763 5322 19.4
100 % RDF+5t
FYM+Rh+PSB
144.77 101.10 1837 5531 19.6
100%RDF+Rh+PSB 136.86 97.32 1499 4624 19.2
CD at 5 % 1.31 1.04 199.4 62.3 0.34
Singh et. al.Department of Agronomy BHU, Varansi

29. Conclusion
• Combined inoculation of liquid biofertilizers such as Rhizobium,PSB,
Azospirillum, Azotobacter could enhance the morphological parameters
such as height of the plant, number of leaves, Shoot length, Root length,
number of roots, root nodules, and biochemical constituents such as
Chlorophyll, Protein.
• Compared to individual inoculation and control, could be the collective
effect of liquid biofertilizer, and also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
• Bio-fertilizer like Rhizobium and PSB plays an important role in increasing
availability of phosphorous and nitrogen through increase in biological N-
fixation and enhance the phosphorous availability to crop.
• Use of liquid biofertilizer significantaly increase yield and quility of pulses.