3. The Modern Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is a listing of all the
known elements.
The elements are organized by:
Atomic number
Chemical Properties
Interactives . The Periodic Table . Groups
(learner.org)
4. Groups and Periods
Group( or Family): a vertical column.
Elements in groups have similar
chemical properties.
Period: a horizontal row.
5. Groups and Periods are
numbered.
There are 7 periods.
There are 18 numbered columns.
12. Physical Properties of Metals
Good conductors of electricity and heat.
Malleable (can be hammered into sheets).
Ductile (can be drawn into wires).
Lustrous.
18. Periods
The periods (rows) of the periodic table
indicate the highest energy level
occupied by one or more electrons.
19. Valence Electrons
The electrons the occupy the highest
energy level of an atom.
Valence electrons play a key role in the
chemical properties of an element.
20. “A” Groups (Old System)
The “A” groups are numbered 18.
The number of the “A” groups
correspond to the number of valence
electrons.
21. Group 1- Alkali Metals
1 valence electron (ns1)
Form a 1+ ion.
Note: Hydrogen, a nonmetal, is located
in the first column because it has one
valence electron.
24. Reactivity of Alkali Metals
Increases from top to bottom of the
group.
Which is more reactive Cesium or
Sodium?
25. Note:
Sodium and Potassium are stored in oil
to keep them from reacting with oxygen
and water in the air.
Cesium is stored in glass tubes of argon
gas( an inert gas).
27. Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Have 2 valence electrons.
Form 2+ ions.
28. Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Reactions with Water
Be does not react with water.
Mg reacts with hot water.
Ca, Sr, Ba react easily with cold water.
Which way along the group does
reactivity increase?
29. Notes:
There is Mg in chrolophyll
C55H72O5N4Mg
Calcium is in your bones,
chalk, limestone,
toothpaste, pearl (all as
calcium carbonate).