1. Table of English
Consonants
BILABIAL LABIO- DENTAL ALVEOLAR POST- PALATO- PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
DENTAL ALVEOLAR ALVEOLAR
Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd
PLOSIVE p b t d k g
AFFRICATE tS dZ
FRICATIVE f v T D s z r S Z h
NASAL m n N
LATERAL l
SEMIVOWEL w j
Vs = Voiceless / Voiced = Vd

2. Pronunciation of the ending –d or –
ed of the past simple and past
participle of the regular verbs.
(1) /t/
(2) /d/
(3) /Id/

3. (1) /t/
• When the pronunciation of the infinitive
ends in a voiceless consonant.
• Walk /wO;k/ —- walked /wO;kt/
• Stop /stQp/ —- stopped /stQpt/
• Wash /wQS/ —- washed /wQSt/
• Laugh /lA;f/ ---- laughed /lA;ft/

4. (2) /d/
• When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a
vowel sound (whether single vowel or
diphthong) or in a voiced consonant.
• Drag /dr&g/ ------ dragged /dr&gd/
• Listen /lIsn/ ------ listened /lIsnd/
• Live /lIv/ ----- lived /lIvd/
• Play /pleI/ ------ played /pleId/

5. (3) /Id/
When the pronunciation of the
infinitive ends either in a /t/ or a /d/
sound.
start /stA;t/ ------- started /stA;tId/
decide /dIsaId/ ----- decided /dIsaIdId/
want /wQnt/ -------- wanted /wQntId/