Matter & separatiing Mixtures

1. Statement of inquiry
Information about matter composition
can be represented in models and this
knowledge can be transferred to improve
industrial processes.
Unit : Matter composition
Ms. Alejandra Cisternas
Matter compositionMatter composition

2. APPROACHES TO LEARN
ATL SKILLS
SOCIAL SKILLS: II-COLLABORATION
COMMUNICATION
RESEARCH
SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS: III-ORGANIZATION
Key Concept Related Concept(s) Global C
CIdentity Transfer, model Scientific
inn

3. Pure Substances, Mixtures, and
Solutions

4. Pure substance: matter that has a
fixed (constant) composition and
unique properties. Contains only 1 type
element or compound; homogeneous
Mixture: Contains at least 2 PHYSICALLY
combined compounds; can be homogeneous
or heterogeneous

5. HOMOGENEOUS SUBSTANCES
 Means same throughout
1) element: only 1 type of atom
2) compound: 2 or more CHEMICALLY combined
elements (not easily separated from each other)
ex: water, CO2
3) Solution: a special kind of mixture 2 phases/parts
(SOLUTE dissolves & SOLVENT does the
dissolving)
ex: moist air (H2O in Air); sterling silver (Cu
in Ag…called an alloy)

6. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER

8. HETEROGENEOUS MATTER
 Means different throughout
 Always a MIXTURE (solutions are mixtures that
are NOT heterogeneous)
 2 or more PHYSICALLY
combined substances
(elements/compounds)
 ex: blood, air, muddy water

9.  Matter can also be classified according to its
composition. Mixtures can be homogeneous or
heterogeneous.
 Mixtures can be separated into pure substances,
and pure substances can be either compounds or
elements.

10. MATTER
Heterogeneous
mixture
Is it uniform
throughout?
No
Homogeneous
Yes
Can it be separated
by physical means?
Pure Substance Homogeneous
Mixture (solution)
Can it be decomposed
into other substance by
a chemical process?
Element Compound
No yes
No yes

11. 1. carbonated soft drink (w/ bubbles)
2. air (with smog)
3. chocolate chip ice cream
4. paint
5. Italian salad dressing
6. rubbing alcohol
7. 7 full fat milk
8. 8 corn syrup
HOMOGENEOUS VS. HETEROGENEOUS MATTER
Classify the following types of matter as either
homogeneous or heterogeneous.

12. HOMOGENEUS MIXTURES
Homogeneous mixtures : is a mixture in which the
components are evenly distributed among each other.
You can’t see the component parts.
Homo means the same throughout.
It has a constant composition throughout.
• Homogenous mixtures are also
called SOLUTIONS
Examples: Salt dissolved in water,
sugar dissolved in water, apple
juice, tea, copper (II) sulfate
solution in water, alloys....

13. SOLUTIONS
 Well-mixed (uniform) –
single phase
 homogeneous
 transparent
 cannot be separated by
filter
 do not separate on
standing

14. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
Heterogeneous mixture : the components are not evenly
distributed among each other. An heterogeneous
mixture has two or more distinct phases that are usually
detectable. This type of mixture does NOT have uniform
properties.
Heterogeneous mixtures that look like solutions can be
distinguished because
they scatter light
(Tyndall effect).
Examples: Sand water,
oil and water, milk,
sulfur and iron, granite,
blood...

15. Colloids
non transparent, non uniform, large particles, cloudy (milky)
but stable system
COLLOIDS

16. SUSPENSIONS
 A suspension of liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas
is called an aerosol. In the atmosphere these consist of fine
dust and soot particles, and cloud droplets.
 suspension: system does not stays stable and settle
 Examples of Suspensions
 Mud or muddy water, is where soil, clay, or silt particles are
suspended in water.
 Flour suspended in water, as pictured to the right.
 Paint
 Chalk powder suspended in water.
 Dust particles suspended in air.
 Algae in water
 Milk of Magnesia

17. •Suspensions like coffee are easily
filtered to take out the tiny solid
clumps floating in the liquid.
• In colloids and many homogeneous mixtures
have clumps that are so small they pass
through most filters.

18. SEPARATING
MIXTURES

19. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WAYS OF
SEPARATING MIXTURES?
 Magnetism
 Hand separation
 Filtration
 Sifting or sieving
 Extraction and evaporation
 Chromatography

20. MAGNETISM
 If one component of the mixture has magnetic
properties, you could use a magnet to separate the
mixture. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are all materials
that are magnetic.
 Not all metals are magnetic: gold, silver, and
aluminum are examples of metals that are not
magnetic.

21. EXAMPLE OF MAGNETISM
 Using a magnet to separate nails from wood chips.

22. HAND SEPARATION
 Separating the parts of a mixture by hand.
 Only useful when the particles are large enough to
be seen clearly.
 Useful for: separating parts of a salad.

23. EXAMPLE OF HAND SEPARATION:
 Using your fork to separate tomatoes, lettuce,
cucumber, onions, etc. in your salad.

24. FILTRATION
 Used when separating a solid substance from a
fluid (a liquid or a gas) by passing a mixture through
a porous material such as a type of filter.
 Works by letting the fluid pass through but not the
solid.
 Examples of filters: coffee filter, cloth, oil filter, even
sand!

25. EXAMPLE OF FILTRATION:
 Using a coffee filter to separate the coffee flavor
from the coffee beans.

26. SIFTING OR SIEVING
 Used to separate a dry mixture
which contains substances of
different sizes by passing it
through a sieve, a device
containing tiny holes.

27. EXAMPLE OF SIFTING/SIEVING:
 Using a sieve to
separate sand
from pebbles.

28. EXTRACTION
 Used to separate an insoluble solid (something that
doesn’t dissolve in a liquid) from a soluble solid
(something that DOES dissolve in a liquid). Done
by adding a solvent (liquid that does the dissolving)
to the mixture. Then pouring the liquid through a
filter.

29. EXAMPLE OF EXTRACTION
 With a mixture of sugar and sand, pouring water in
the mixture which causes the sugar to dissolve.
Then pouring the solution through a filter, causing
the sand to separate from the sugar water.

30. EVAPORATION
 Allowing the liquid to
evaporate, leaving the
soluble solid behind.
 Example: heating
sugar water. The water
evaporates and the
sugar crystals are left
behind.

31. EXAMPLE OF USING EXTRACTION AND
EVAPORATION TOGETHER:
 Using water to dissolve sugar, then letting the water
evaporate, leaving the sugar behind.

32. CHROMATOGRAPHY
 Used to separate dissolved substances in a solution from
each other.
Mixture Components
Separation
Stationary Phase
Mobile Phase

33. EXAMPLE OF CHROMATOGRAPHY:
 Using chromatography paper to separate ink into
it’s original components.