For first year Anatomy students.Description of cerebrum & lateral ventricle situated within it.

1. CEREBRUM((((oÉëÑWûlqÉÎxiÉwMüoÉëÑWûlqÉÎxiÉwMüoÉëÑWûlqÉÎxiÉwMüoÉëÑWûlqÉÎxiÉwMü))))
• Largest Part of CNS• Largest Part of CNS
• Position- Cavity of skull
• 2 cerebral hemisheres- longitudinal fissure
• Covered by meninges
• Falx cerebri
• 2 hemisheres connected by corpus callosum• 2 hemisheres connected by corpus callosum
• Poles- 1) Frontal
2) Occipital- 5 cm ant to it- pre
occipital incisure
3) Temporal

2. Sulci & Gyri
Types of Sulci
Limiting Axial OperculatedComplete
Separating Develop Third areaPresent onSeparating
2 functional
Areas
e.g.Central
Develop
along rapidly
developing
Brain axis
Calcarine
Third area
Does not
Appear on
Surface
Lunate
Present on
Surface,
Project on
lat.ventricle
calcarine

3. CEREBRUM
Rt.Cerebral Hemisphere Lt.Cerebral Hemisphere
Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure(Falx cerebri
Rt.Cerebral Hemisphere

4. Surfaces & Borders
Surfaces
Superolat. Medial Inferior
Orbital TentorialTentorial
Borders
Inferolat.Superomedial Median
Occipital
Median
Orbital

5. Medial Surface
Superomed.border
Inferolat.border

6. Orbital border
Tentorial border
Superciliary
Tentorial border

7. Superolateral surface
Broca’s
area

8. Lat.Sulcus
Stem
Starts from ant perforated substance
Lesser wing
Rami
Ant.ascending Post
Ant.
Ant.ascending Post
Pars
orbitalis
Pars
triangularis
Pars
opercularis

9. Stem of lat sucus
Transmits middle cerebral vessels

10. Lesser wing

11. Sulci on frontal lobe
• Frontal lobe boundaries
1) Sup- Superomed. Border
2) Inf- stem of lat. Sulcus/superciliary border
3) Post- Central sulcus
CENTRAL SULCUSCENTRAL SULCUS
• Starts behind the midpoint of frontal & occipital poles
• Ends above the post ramus
• Marks the junction of motor & sensory area
PRECENTRAL SULCUS
• Ant to central sulcus

12. Sulci on frontal lobe
1) Sup frontal
2) Inf frontal
Gyri on frontal lobe
1. Precentral- coticonuclear & corticospinal tracts
2. Sup. Frontal
3. Middle frontal
4. Inf frontal- Broca’s area- pars

20. Sulci on Parietal lobe
• Parietal lobe boundaries
1) Sup- Superomed. Border
2) Inf- Post ramus
3) Post- Parieto occipital sulcus
4) Ant- Central sulcus
Post central
• Parallel & post.to central• Parallel & post.to central
Intraparietal
• Starts from postcentral. Passes horizontally to occipital lobe
Gyri on parietal lobe
1) Postcentral
2) Sup parietal lobule
3) Inf. Parietal lobule- a) Supramarginal
b) Angular- Visual
c) Posterior

21. Superolateral surface
Visual
area

22. Sulci on Occipital lobe
Transverse occipital
• Descends from superomed border
Lat occipital
• Short horizontal
Lunate
In front of occipital poleIn front of occipital pole
GYRI ON OCCIPITAL LOBE
1) Arcus parieto occipitalis
2) Sup occipital
3) Inf occipital
4) Gyrus descendes

23. Superolateral surface
Gyrus
descen
dens
Lunate
sulcus

24. Sulci on Temporal lobe
Sup temporal
• Begins near temporal pole runs horizontally
Inf temporal
• Below sup temoporal
GYRI ON TEMPORAL LOBE
1) Sup temporal1) Sup temporal
2) Middle temporal
3) Inf temporal

25. INSULA
• Considered as 5th lobe
• Deep in the floor of lat sulcus
• Surrounded by circular sulcus
• Area of cerebral cortex overlapping insula- Opercula
• Apex of insula- Limen insulae
• Surface divided- sulcus centralis insulae
Frontal operculum
Bet- ant horizontal
& ascending
Frontoparietal
operculum
Bet- ant ascending &
post
Temporal operculum
Below post ramus

26. Circular Sulcus
Limen
insulae
Sulcus centra

27. Medial surface
• Corpus callosum
• Septum pellucidum
• Lateral ventricle
• Sulci & gyri-
Sulci & GyriSulci & Gyri
1. Cingulate sulcus- Above & parallel to corpus callosum.
Ends at the superomedial border
2. Parieto- occipital sulcus- starts on superomed border
meets calcarine
3. Calcarine sulcus- Starts from occipital pole. Passes
towards corpus callosum

28. Medial surface
Med frontal
Lower limb movements

29. Medial surface
Gyri
1. Cingulate gyrus – Below the cingulate sulcus
2. Medial frontal- Above cingulate- anteriorly
3. Paracentral lobule- Above cingulate- posteriorly.Lower
limb movements
4. Precuneus- Bet. Parieto occipital & cingulate
5. Cuneus- Bet. Parieto occipital & calcarine
6. Lingual- Below calcarine

30. Corpus callosum
•Connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres
• Length- 10 cm
• Ant end- 4 cm away from frontal pole
• Post end- 6 cm away from occipital pole
Relations of genu- Post- septum pellucidum
- Ant – Ant cerebral artery- Ant – Ant cerebral artery
Relations of rostrum- Ant – Ant cerebral artery
Relations of splenium- Inf- Pineal gland
-Ant – Thalamus

31. Relations of trunk- Inf- septum pellucidum/
Lateral ventricle
-Sup – Covered by Indusium gresium.
Related to falx cerebri
Ant cerebral vessels

32. Corpus callosum
Genu
Body(Indusium Griseum)
Genu
Rostrum
Splenium

33. Relations Of body & splenium
Thalamus
Pineal
body
Fornix

34. Relations Of Genu & trunk
Genu
Anterior cerebral
artery
Genu

35. Relations Of corpus callosum

36. Communicating Fibres
Forceps minor
Fibres of genu
connecting frontal
lobes
Tapetum
Forceps Major
Fibres of splenium
Tapetum
Fibres of trunk
& splenium

37. Cerebrum Inf. Surface

38. Cerebrum Inf. Surface-Rt. Lat. orbital
Gyrus
Rectus
Orbital
Olfactory
Sulcus
Orbital
Sulcus

39. Cerebrum Inf. Surface-Rt. Lat. Tentorial

40. Sulci
1) Collateral
2) Occipitotemporal
Gyri-
Cerebrum Inf. Surface-Rt. Lat. Tentorial
1) Lingual
2) Parahippocampal
3) Uncus
4) Med.occipitotemporal
5) Lat. occipitotemporal

41. Limbic Lobe & Olfactory Pathways
Associated with visceral olfactory,social
somatic,emotional factors
1. Olfactory Bulb- Oval ,reddish grey(1. Olfactory Bulb- Oval ,reddish grey(
cribriform )
2. Olfactory tract- orbital surface (frontal)
3. Amygdala- Resembling Almond
a) Amygdaloid body
b) Amygdaloid nuclear complex

42. 4. Stria terminalis- Fine mylinated fibres from
amygdaloid complex
5. Ant. Commissure- Crossing midline ant to
columns of fornix
6. Mammilary bodies- Memory
Structure of cerebrum
Outer Grey mater Inner white mater-
Red dots( Blood escape)

43. Nuclei Of cerebrum
1. Amygadaloid
2. Claustrum
3. Caudate
4. Lentiform

44. Fornix
C shaped bundle of fibres

45. Fibres of cerebrum
Commissural
Connect 2
Hemispheres
Association
Diff. cortical
Areas on same
Projection
Cerebral
cortex toHemispheres
Corpus
callosum
Areas on same
Side
e.g.Cingulum
cortex to
Brain stem
& Sp.cord
e.g.Corona
radiata

47. Blood supply- Ant. Cerebral
Middle cerebral
post cerebral
Venous drain- Sup.& Inf.cerebral
Middle cerebralMiddle cerebral
Ant.cerebral
Lymphatics – No lymphatics in CNS
Applied- 1.Tumour
2.Infarct
3.Infection

51. Lateral Ventricle
• Irregular cavities in lower & med. Parts of cerebrum
• Both sides separated by septum pellucidum
• Communicates- 3rd ventricle- Interventricular
foramen/ Monro
• Lined with ependyma.
• Secrets & contains CSF• Secrets & contains CSF
• Structure
Body Cornu/Horns
Ant Post Inf

52. Lateral ventricle
Post horn
Body
Ant horn
Inf .horn
Post horn

54. Central part/body
• From interventricular foramen to splenium
• Relations- 1) Roof- Corpus callosum
2) Floor- In lateromed. Order-
a) Caudate nucleus- Narrow post, /long axis directed
posteromed.
b) Stria terminalis- Small bundle of white fibres occupyingb) Stria terminalis- Small bundle of white fibres occupying
narrow groove med to caudate nucleus
c) Thalamostriate vein
d) Thalamus- Sup surface. Almost hidden by choroid plexus.
3) Medial wall- Septum pellucidum

58. Relations Of Ant. Cornu
Passes in the frontal lobe
Appears triangular in coronal section
Relations- 1.Sup.- Ant part of corpus callosum
2. Ant- Post. surface of genu
3. Inf.- Caudate nucleus(head)
4. Med.- Septum pellucidum

61. May be absent
In occipital lobe
Relations- 1. Roof- Tapetum
2. Lat- Tapetum
3. Med.- Forceps major. Form bulb
of post. Horn
Relations Of Post. Cornu
of post. Horn
Below this- Elevation- Calcar axis( Calcarine
sulcus)

62. Post .Horn

64. • Largest of all
• In the temporal lobe
• Curves around the post end of thalamus
• Position indicated by sup. temporal sulcus
Relations- 1.Roof- Tapetum, caudate nucleus
Relations Of Inf. Cornu
Relations- 1.Roof- Tapetum, caudate nucleus
2. Floor- Collateral eminence, hippo
campus

66. Thalamus
Inf.horn