Policy Evaluation As The Final Process Of Policy Making

Policy Evaluation As The Final Process Of Policy Making
Last but certainly not least comes policy evaluation as the final process of policy making. In the
policy evaluation process, institutions, organizations or in this case, the government concludes
whether the policy implemented was successful in achieving its primary goal. The policy evaluation
stage differs from the previous policy stages because the institution, organization or government
tries to reassess whether the policy in placed worked or not. This gives the government, institution,
or organization an opportunity to determine if the policy is working, and if not, what can be done in
order to fix it. Once the policy has been evaluated, and it has been determined the current policy has
not been functioning the way it was designed, it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next comes effectiveness evaluation. While efficiency is more on the input and out, effectiveness
evaluation is more based on the achievements made since the policy has been implemented.
Following efficiency comes adequacy. Adequacy is often evaluated if we should augment the policy
to become more operational. Finishing up with equity, equity is evaluating if there is equally within
the policy. Often times, certain policies might favor a certain gender. For example, when researching
diseases only done on males. We are only furthering the advancement of our understanding of the
male body, but not of the female body. It is difficult at times to make it fair for everyone, but it this
is why steps are still taken as a precaution.
There are three types of goals containing primary, secondary and tertiary goals. Primary goal is the
main objective of the policy or the main purpose of the policy. Secondary goals is the other goals
that noted and produce from the policy, not the primary reason of why the policy was created.
Tertiary goal is the unintended consequences, often unknown at the time the policy was in place.
The consequences from the tertiary goals can be either positive or negative. "When the goals of a
policy are unclear, diffuse, or diverse, as they frequently are, determining the extent to which they
have been attained become a difficult and frustrating task" (Anderson, 2011, 307). If the goals are
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Policy Implementation Is Different From Agenda Setting And...
Policy implementation is "the application of the policy by the government 's administrative
machinery" (Anderson, 2011, 4). Policy implementation is different from agenda–setting and policy
formulation. Policy implementation deals with applying the government's policy into effect to the
problem that it is trying to solve. While the first part of the policy process, agenda–setting, is deals
more with trying to get the government to consider action on the problem you are addressing. After
the government has considered a course of action to fix or alieve the problem, policy formulation
comes next. The second part of the policy process, policy formulation, deals with proposing a
certain solution to the problem. In most cases, the person, group or organization that identifies the
problems, also recommends a solution to the problem.
No action is needed when dealing with self–executing, while other forms of policy require decision
making and alterations. "A complex array of administrative agencies also known as bureaucracies"
(Anderson, 2011, 232) participate in policy implementation. Since bureaucratic agencies participate
in policy implementation, the agencies major role is to implement public policy. Actionable–action
must be taken. The formula for knowing who participates in policy implementation is quite simple.
It is in the shape of a droplet, with the top being few elected officials. In the bottom of the droplet
are the numerous of career government employees. For the most

Policy and Pestle Analysis
PESTLE Analysis
A PESTLE analysis for Mydin must consider all the important external factors impacting on the
company. These factors may have political, economic, social and culture, technological, legal or
environmental dimensions. These forces, although out of the company's control, may have an
impact on the success of any future plans. By considering them, a company can change direction,
build contingencies, identify new opportunities or do nothing at all. It is an important part in the
strategic decision making.
Political analysis
The political analysis must include the impact of local and national government, and the
international situation. The Economic analysis needs to investigate the influences of the stock
market and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Current trend indicate that customers have moved towards 'one–stop' and 'bulk' shopping, which is
due to a variety of social changes. Mydin have, therefore, increased the amount of non–food items
available for sale. Demographic changes such as the aging population, an increase in female
workers and a decline in home meal preparation mean that Mydin are also focusing on added–value
products and services.
In addition, the focus is now towards; the own–label share of the business mix, the supply chain and
other operational improvements, which can drive costs out of the business. National retailers are
increasingly reticent to take on new suppliers (Clarke, Bennison and Guy, 1994; Datamonitor
Report, 2003). The type of goods and services demanded by consumers is a function of their social
conditioning and their consequent attitudes and beliefs. One example of Mydin adapting its product
mix is to accommodate an increased demand for organic products.
Technological factors
Technological factors are usually easier to spot, because new technologies involve change, and
change is always noticed. For instance, online shopping has had a major impact on Mydin's recent
success. Conversely, The change created by technological advances often lead to legal problems,
which is why legal analysis is always an important part of a PESTLE analysis.
Legislative factors

Various

Policy Goals And The Policy
Criteria 1 – Policy Goals:
The policy goals should validate both the external and internal issue drivers, which ultimately lead
to the placing the policy on the political agenda (Althaus et al 2007a). Throughout the policy
development it is crucial that appropriate goals are being set, and that these goals are sustained by
an evidence based research (Cheung et al 2010). All through the policy analysis, it is important to
maintain a complete understanding of the relevant health issues and how they affect the concerned
population groups.
Were the policy's goals explicitly stated?
Did the policy express the extent of the health issue and the importance of addressing it? Do the
goals support the evidence and the research for areas of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead they were all scattered all over the document mostly each on separate page.
The policy have covered a great variety of issues regarding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
communities. Every goal had the issues mentioned in a very summative manners under the each and
every goal clearly stating why it is importance to bring a particular change. Issues were clearly
identified and very well written. Statistics were used for most of the health issues to make sure they
are evidence based. Each and every health issue discussed justified the goals for those particular
health problem and motivating text was use to encourage people to be part of the policy.
The policy makes sure that the goals are measurable either qualitatively or quantitatively but
considering the nature of most of the goals and the strategies used to achieve those goals , its makes
them to be measured quantitatively eg. Collecting data of how many people will access medical
services after the implementing the policy and then comparing it to the number of people measuring
it before the implementing the policy.
Criteria 2 – Political Influence:
Policies are highly complex. They are politically dependant and thus dynamic in nature, due to the
varying values of policy influencers (Buse et al 2012). Policy analysts are keen on understanding the
political arena in which a certain policy is developed, as

Health Policy : Allocative Policy Vs. Regulatory Policy
Healthy Policy: Allocative Policy Vs. Regulatory Policy
Jaiden Mercer
October 1, 2015
Dr. R
Abstract:
Healthcare policy is dynamic and ever changing, especially in our society today with the many
changes in government control, insurance company influence, and actual delivery of healthcare
services. In order to corral our healthcare system and ensure that there is quality control amongst all
populations, health policies must be put in place. Health policy is defined as many things due to its
dynamic nature but the assigned text expresses a definition that encompasses all aspects of what
health policy is for us today, "Authoritative decisions made in the legislative, executive, or judicial
branches of government that are intended to direct or influence that actions, behaviors, or decisions
of others"(Longest, p. 5, (2010)). Among the many reasons why health policy is pertinent to our
society an aspect of health policy that I feel is most important is in regards to public health
practices. Health policy is the reason why populations that whom otherwise would not receive the
absolute needed healthcare, actually get to receive healthcare. The financial aspect of healthcare is
quite steep and more often than not healthcare services are not sought out by populations because
they cannot afford to do so. With health policy the policymakers allow for the proper and equal
disbursement of goods and services to ensure that everyone is remaining healthy no matter what

Essay on social policy
Assignment Front Sheet
Qualification
Unit Number and Title
Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care
Student Name
Unit 7: Social Policy
Assessor name:
Christine Pratt
Date of Issue
Completion date
27/01/2014
07/03/2014
Student No.
Submitted on
Assignment title
Learning
Outcome
Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1
Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision 1.1

Understand the origins of social policies
2.1
Analyse the processes involved in the development of a key Act of Parliament
2.2
evaluate different influences on the development of social policy, including ideologies analyse how
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Included are historical, conceptual, political, regional, national and other agents of social change.
Their effect on welfare provision will be explored. The unit may encompass a variety of health and
social care sectors in the United Kingdom.
Analysis of welfare policy 'landmark' provision will enable learners to evaluate sufficiency and
deficiency in provision. Tracing developments from the period prior to
1945 to the present, learners will be able to compare and contrast major competing perspectives.
Reviewing a selection of national models of provision will allow for consideration of some
alternative perceptions and deliveries of welfare services. Key contemporary issues for policy
makers, welfare recipients, providers and all stakeholders will be examined.
Task 1 (LO1: 1.2, 1.2, and M1,M2,M3,D2 )
Explore the historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision in the
UK and analyse how the quality of life for the service users have improved over time.
Critically examine the past and current social policies related to the health and
4
welfare needs of the population of United Kingdom during the period of political changes and
transition during and after the World War 2.
Task 2 (LO2: 2.1, 2.2 and M1,M2,M3,D2 )
(a) Discuss the process involved in developing key Health and Social Policy legalisation. You need
to critically analyse the influential factors which shapes the key themes and concepts in a

Australia's Defense Policy
This essay will reason that in a more contested Asia–Pacific strategic environment, Australia will
not need to develop a more independent strategic and defence policy, but should reduce reliance on
its United States' ally. The Asia–Pacific region is continuously undergoing great economic growth
and development and many countries are enjoying the benefits derived from it, including Australia.
On the other hand, the world is seeing a rise of military and economic powerhouses in the region,
most notably China. This topic is critical for academics and policy makers to understand the
implications of the contested environment and how to deal effectively with all the consequences that
could undermine the region's prosperity, peace, and stability. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to take into account that no country's defence is totally self–sufficient (McLennan
2002). Australia will be unable to have an absolute independent defence policy, due to the
multifaceted and reliant nature of modern society. States can only sustain some control and 'relative
independence' through channels such as collective action. By looking at Australia's defence paper in
history it shows that since the end of the Vietnam War, Australia has created a defence policy with
the foreground on self–reliance, the capability to protect Australia without allied fighting arms. The
concept of self–reliance emerged from worries when the United States did not come to support the
conflict with Indonesia (Fruhling 2014). The 1967 Australian Defence White Paper was the first
paper that focused on the concept of self–reliance as main policy idea (Fruhling 2014). The core
concept of self–reliance entailed Australia to pursue a defence force that was capable of independent
action to achieve broader foreign policy objectives. However, the notion of 'self–reliance' was
changed when the 2013 White Paper was released. It underlined the importance of self–reliance
within the context of our Alliance with the United States and our cooperation with other countries in
the region to deal with the challenges emerging from the Indo–Pacific (Fruhling 2014). The notion
of 'self–reliance' was reinterpreted in a way that mismatched with the prior notion of self–reliance.
The change in language shows that there are many factors that show that there are little reasons for
Australia to create self–reliant operations in the defence of Australia. These reasons are, but not
inclusive, Indonesia is no longer a threat, Australia's isolated location allows it to be distant from the
main foci of tension and possible future conflict, no states will be able to

Policy Development : Pet Policy
Policy Development
[Pet Policy]
Problem Formulation:
[What is the problem that created the need for a policy?]
Problems creating the need for a Pet Policy would be firstly, damage done to the dwelling space
such as scratched up floors, chewing damage as well as accidents on carpets seeping into the
backing of carpet that would need replacing after moving. Second, is the disturbance to neighbors
such as dogs barking, birds squawking and four legged animals racing around the apartment that can
disturb other tenants in the property as well as outside neighbors. Thirdly is the liability, the risk
associated with the animal biting other tenants or neighbors. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention state that dogs bite 4.7 million ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A monthly pet fee charge and an additional deposit for tenants with pets. A large enough amount
will ensure the tenant is concerned with getting their money back. Hopefully, the thought of losing
their money will be an incentive for the tenant to keep their pet well behaved. Secondly, the
specifications of pets allowed such as no–pets policy stating that pets are not allowed under any
circumstances. The type and number of pets allowed specifying the exact animals allowed and how
many of each or a maximum number/limit of pets. Pets are ok but no dangerous dog breeds such as
Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers, Chows, Akita, Alaskan Malamutes, German Shepherds,
Siberian Huskies, St. Bernard's, Wolf Hybrids, and a mix of any of the above. Banning on just the
requirements of height and weight allowing most breeds without specifically banning them. Or only
on animals the landlord specifically allows making it clear that the landlord will have to approve of
any animal that will live in the apartment. Another alternative would be companion animals that are
verifiable through a Medicare provider.
Policy Agenda:
[What policymaker recognized the problem?]
The policy maker recognizing the problem would be the landlord or person responsible for ensuring
apartment utilization or any other person losing money to possible vacancies because of pets.
[Why did the problem make it onto the policymaker's agenda?]
The pet–policy made it onto the

Fiscal Policy And Monetary Policy
The government in times of economic recession has responsibility to take action, engaging in
expansionary economic policies is the action my paper will discuss. The types of economic
expansion include Fiscal Policy, and Monetary Policy, the expansion of the two policies allows the
government to adjust taxes, and government spending. Harry Truman once quoted "It's a recession
when your neighbor loses his job: it's a depression when you lose yours." (The economy
perspective, the banker 's banker. (1998, Jul 29). When recession hits the first party that is blamed is
the government, so there ability to take action is a sign of them taking responsibility. Government
action is necessary to right the recession ship, expanding Fiscal, and Monetary Policy may very well
be the answer.
The first topic of discussion is Expansionary Fiscal Policy and how the government uses the policy
to affect the economy. Expansionary Fiscal Policy is a type of policy which includes increase in
government purchases, a supple decline in taxes, while making an increase in transfer payments.
These changes are designed to close the recessionary gap, while increasing economic stimulus
packages and they aim to decrease unemployment. The government will introduce Expansionary
Fiscal Policy during anticipation of contractions in the business–cycle. Increase in government
spending will increase aggregate demand, and aggregate expenditures. The down side to
Expansionary Fiscal Policy leads to budget deficits,

Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy
Fiscal policy is the governments spending policies, which influences the conditions economy as a
whole. With this policy, regulators can improve unemployment rates; stabilize business cycles,
control inflation, and interest rates to control the economy. The government adjusts the spending
and tax rates to influence the nation's economy. The idea is to find the balance between public
spending and changing tax rates, by increasing or lowering taxes may cause the risk of causing
inflation to rise. If the economy had slowed down, unemployment will go up, so consumer spending
will go down and businesses are not making enough profit. If the government decides to raise the
economy by decreasing tax, it will give the consumers more money to spend while it is increasing
the form of buying services from building roads or schools. The government will create jobs and
wages that will help the economy by paying for such services, it will then impel money into the
economy by decreasing taxation and increase government spending, which is known as "pump
priming." Fewer taxes to pay and more money for the economy will make consumer demands for
good and services to increase. If inflation is too strong then the economy may need to slowdown, In
that kind of situation the government can use this policy to increase taxes to decrease money of the
economy. This policy also can order a reduction in government spending and thereby reduce the
money in circulation. But with the fiscal policy the

The Policy Developments During The European Union ( Eu )...
In order to review the advantages and disadvantages of technocratic governance, this paper will be
drawing on the policy developments in the fields of GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)
regulation in the European Union (EU) and UK drug policies. The paper aims to review how policy
developments in these areas are approached technocraticaly and whether this approach is effective.
With regards to GMOs, the specific type of technocratic governance that this paper will look at is
comitology. This is the use of a committee of scientists, field experts and representatives of
European nation states making decisions based on expert opinions, regardless of what the evidence
and the data gathered shows, although, the European commission ultimately has the final say over
policies to be implemented across Europe. However, this might be out of necessity as the different
nation states generally cannot agree on GMO policies. This paper will also look at the UK drug
policies, and how experts are asked to report on their views on how to establish a less damaging
drug regime. The paper will argue that the current approach to drug use in the UK is an out–dated
and unrealistic form of regulation. To do this, it will look at statistical evidence of drug related
crimes or the risks in relation to some other activities that are legal, as per the research gathered by
the Home Office. This paper will look at both the benefits and the disadvantages of technocratic
governance in the context of the

Public Policy
Sandy Williams
Walden University
Abstract
The Political Stream is made up of many different aspects public mood, pressure group campaigns,
election results, ideological distributions in Congress, and changes of administration. These
developments impact the agendas and what issues become more or less of a priority. In the political
stream, there are usually a change which is caused by the shifts of important participants in the
system. The changes have an impacts on policy agendas and the outcome. The antigovernment
mood is the changes in the national public. The national mood plays a vital role it can create the
fertile ground for a policy's promotion or, on the other hand, it can slow a policy down.
Discuss the three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ideas are very rarely traced to the creative thought process of a single individual or group. The
President and Congress members can offer items for the agenda also, the White House staff,
executive branch career personnel, congressional staff, the media, lobbyists, organizations, and the
public, can supply other agenda items to be reviewed. The agenda is a list problem that are being
paid attention by governmental officials ( Jansson, 2014). Policy entrepreneurs are people who
advocate for proposals. Individuals invest their resource and time, in hope of changing the future.
Many business people advocate to promote their personal interests, solve problems, and shape
public policy according to a paticular values. In today's society tough economic times, greater
competition exists among advocacy organizations for fiscal support ( Edwards , 2010). In some
aspect, people just love the game of politics. Available alternatives play an important role because,
before a subject can achieve a position on a decision agenda, a viable alternative is available for
decision makers to consider. Public policy choices come from substitutes placed on the

Policy Is The Pursuit Of Goals
Colebatch (2009, p. 47) defined policy as "The exercise of authority to achieve collective purposes.
Policy is the pursuit of goals. The assumption is that policy is a purposive course of action".
Therefore, policy is processes acquired and followed by organisations to prevent and resolve
contemporary difficulties. Public policy is policy for a public area or shared intent. It is when an
organisation owns the policy (Baker, 2015).
The stages model performs the duty to organise the different parts of the policy process so they can
be understood. This model interprets policy concepts into real policies (Birkland, 2010, p. 21). The
first part of the model is when 'issues emerge' as a result of, for example disasters or through the
advocacy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's a problem of solution. There may be multiple understandings of the problem and there will be
numerous interest groups attempting to shape it. The issue, which needs government observation,
should be framed then the agenda should be set of how it is they're going to address it (Cairney,
2011, p. 33).
Formulation is the next section. The government formulates the policy. They write plans, set goals,
establish a financial plan and calculate the result of resolutions. This makes the plan look complete,
the policy look legitimate and gives you something to measure the policy against to see if it was
successful. Indicators can be set up. A disadvantage of this is they can set themselves up for failure.
If the targets are impractical and unrealistic, the government may not be taken seriously. If a target
that is too high is set, then they're setting themselves up for criticism. These are called stretch
targets. Failure can result in people feeling overwhelmed and withdrawing from the issue. Although,
stretch targets can also give an ambitious target which is important in helping stay motivated and
enthusiastic (Cairney, 2011, p. 33). Ensuring the policy looks legitimate is a requirement of
democratic policymaking. Consent needs to be given by the government and the policy targets need
to be socially accepted. Policy needs to be accountable, this means the organisations need to take
responsibility for their activities and may need to

Monetary Policies And Monetary Policy
Monetary Policies (Introduction)
The objective of monetary policy is to reserve the worth of the money by keeping inflation low,
stable and predictable that lets Canadians be more confident about the spending and investment
choices. It reassures long–term investment in Canada's economy as well as contributes to
continuous job creation and better the production. It helps improve living standard. Canada's
monetary policy outline consists of two key components working together and reinforcing each
other: the inflation–control target and the flexible exchange rate. The inflation–control target directs
the decisions of the Bank regarding the proper setting of the policy interest rate that maintains a
stable price environment throughout the medium term.
Influencing Short–Term Interest Rates As to reach the inflation target, the banks have to make
changes in the policy rate by raising or lowering it. If inflation is beyond target, the banks will have
to increase the policy rate, this inspires institutions to increase interest rates on the loan and
mortgages. Discouraging borrowing and spending which enables upward pressure on price. If
inflation is under the goal, banks will lower the policy rate which would then encourage financial
institutions to lower interest rates on the loans and mortgages. This information shows how much
banks are concerned about inflation going higher or lower in terms of the goal. The key policy
interest rates are when banks expect to be used in

Policy Process Essay
Policy Process
CJA 580: Public Policy Issues
University of Phoenix
Dr. Matthew Geyer, Faculty
May 15, 2010
Policy Process Society relies on the criminal justice system to maintain order within communities
and to maintain a safe environment for community members. Society expects the criminal justice
system to provide justice by separating the guilty from the innocent, to incapacitate dangerous
individuals, to promote deterrence to law–breaking individuals, and to rehabilitate offenders. An
important expectation of the criminal justice system is to provide fair and just consequences to
criminal offenders and assist the offenders with reintegrating into society. Some of the expectations
of the criminal justice system are not met ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many narcotic offenders do not desire to break laws; their main concern is monetary gain.
Alternatives policies in regard to narcotic offenders should be implemented to assist them with
reintegration, rehabilitation, and to actually deter them from reoffending. A possible policy to
implement to avoid incarcerating non–violent offenders is implementing a program that assists
offenders with education and seeking employment. A program of this magnitude will give offenders
the opportunity to remain connected with society and will give them the opportunity to become
successful members of society. The program may provide job training skills, education courses, and
employers who are willing to employ individuals with a criminal history. Not only will this program
benefit ex–offenders, it will also benefit the companies that hire them. The Work Opportunity Tax
Credit is a federal tax credit given to companies to reduce the federal tax liability of employers to be
used as an incentive for employing ex–offenders (Tax Credits, n.d.). The main objective of the
policy is to provide crime control and crime prevention oppose to punishing offenders only for them
to reoffend. Implementing this policy may become a challenge because of the procedures necessary
to implement the policy. The first step and most important step of starting this policy is compiling a
list of employers

Online Usage Policy
Policy
This online usage policy shall be added to the Employee Handbook under the section Workplace
Behavior. The policy will be comprised subheadings indicating which area of technology is being
discussed, and the guidelines and sanctions for the prohibited behavior.
The policy will be introduced in a staff meeting, with a PowerPoint presentation I have prepared that
outlines this proposal. A PDF version of the policy will also be distributed following the
presentation so employees have a chance to read it in its entirety and save it for future reference.
The implementation of the software has been accounted for and acknowledged in this policy, so that
expectations of employees are documented for reference and to avoid confusion.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a general rule, if an employee did not create the material, does not own the rights to it or has not
gotten authorization for its use, it should not be put on the Internet.
Abuse of the Internet access provided by the company in violation of law or company policies will
result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. Employees may also
be held personally liable for any violations of this policy. The following behaviors are examples of
previously stated or additional actions and activities that are prohibited and can result in disciplinary
action.
Sending or posting discriminatory, harassing, or threatening messages or images
Using the organization's time and resources for personal gain
Stealing, using or disclosing someone else's code or password without

The Stages Of The Policy Process
What are the stages of the policy process? The first couple people to respond in here can think in
broad terms, then let 's get into more depth and detail. Later responders can just focus on one or two
stages and see what insights you can offer. Work with each other to avoid repetition. Any issues
arise? Any problems or controversies to discuss?
The policy process, political leaders may act on things without knowing the response of others. At
times, they may be forced to act on certain issues based on their expert knowledge. Of course, you
can't please everyone. No matter what a policy outcome may be, there is always a group of people
that will oppose because it does not meet their interests or it does not benefit them. Our book
discusses the give stages in the policy process, and the several factors that are at stake during the
process. The first objective is to get the problem on the agenda of the government. There are several
factors that can cause this to occur, most importantly, it must grab the elected official's attention.
The political agenda is never at a halt, it is constantly changing as new issues emerge. Public issues
that are most important during each era differ. Political discussion of dominating policy depends on
the concerns of political equality. It doesn't necessarily mean that the issue is strictly about equality,
it may also be an environmental issue. It just depends on what issues really pose a threat during a
specific time. Two of the most

HIPAA Security Policy
I. Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to comply with the HIPAA Security Rule's requirements pertaining to
the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of electronic protected health information (ePHI).
II. Scope and Limitations
This policy applies to all Topazworkforce members.
III. Related Policies Name and Number
Security Policy COM 002
IV. Definitions
Electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI) – Individually identifiable health information
transmitted or maintained in electronic form.
HIPAA
Protected Health Information – Individually identifiable health information transmitted or
maintained in any form.
V. Procedures
1. Network Transmission
Topaz will maintain integrity controls to ensure the validity of information transmitted over the ...
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Encryption of Data
To appropriately guard against unauthorized access to or modification of ePHI that is being
transmitted from Topaz network's the procedures outlined must be implemented:
a. All transmissions of ePHI from the Topaz networks to a network outside of the aforementioned
networks must utilize an encryption mechanism between the sending and receiving entities or the
file, document, or folder containing said ePHI must be encrypted before transmission.
b. For an encryption strategy to be successful, an organization must consider many factors. For
example, for encryption technologies to work properly when data is being transmitted, both the

sender and receiver must be using the same or compatible technology.
c. Prior to transmitting ePHI from the Topaz networks to a network outside of the aforementioned
networks the receiving person or entity must be authenticated.(see HIPAA Security Policy).
d. All transmissions of ePHI from the Topaz networks to a network outside of the aforementioned
networks should include only the minimum amount of PHI. (See HIPAA Privacy Policy – Minimum
Necessary Request, Use or Disclosure of Protected Health Information).
e.
3. EPHI Transmission Using

HIPAA Compliance Policy
HIPAA Compliance Policy
Purpose:
To understand the responsibilities and define minimum security requirements of XYZ health care
organization. All employees under the scope of this policy should abide by this policy.
Scope:
This policy applies to all the employees of XYZ health care who have remote access to the patient's
medical data.
Control Matrix:
Table 1
Risk Control Matrix Risk Significance of Risk Likelihood of Risk Control Measures/
Countermeasures
1 Brute Force Password Attack Medium Low Employee should maintain a strong password and
keep changing it every 30 days.
2 Employee not familiar with wireless technology High Medium Employees should undergo
trainings and knowledge transfer before using the system resources.
3 Multiple Access and Logon Entries Medium Low Employees should not log into two systems at
the same time.
4 Unauthorized Access High Medium Rules are to be set properly so that employees can access
information for which they have access or authority.
5 Privacy of data High Medium Proper training is to be given to employees in order to understand
the importance of the data and how to protecting it.
6 Laptop stolen High Low Employees should report to the administration immediately and protect
the system with strong password.
7 Accessing information through public internet High Low Employees should never use a public
network in order to access the data.
Notes: Rating: – Medium: Likely to occur every six months or less, High: Likely to occur after a

Security Policy : Security Policies Essay
Chapter – 17 Security Policies Notes
Security policy define constrain within which a network or system must operate. o Every
organization has different policy based on their requirements. o The difference in security policies is
based on the differences in security threats and asset values.
General Functional Policies o When strictly followed and combined with effective technical
solutions, wireless local area network security policies can reduce intrusions, risks, and costs
associated with intrusion response and legal action. o Wireless LAN security policies have two
categories.
General
This type of policy covers the items that do not fall into a specific technical category.
Functional
This type of policy includes the specific security requirements for wireless network.
General Policy Issues o A critical success factor in the effort of a wireless security policy is to obtain
sponsorship within the organization.
In general security plan should address at least these issues:
Resources: Controlled access prevents unauthorized users from consuming limited wireless network
bandwidth.
Privacy: Controlled access prevents unauthorized users from accessing confidential or sensitive data
located on the network.
Intrusion: A monitored environment alerts an organization about unauthorized activities and allows
security managers to respond appropriately. o The creation of any successful wireless security
policy may include input from end users, the network

The Policy Process
THE POLICY PROCESS 1
The Policy Process HCS/455 December 2, 2011 The Policy Process 2
The Health care industry has many policies, rules and regulations that have to be followed in order
to have a successful company in today's world. The Health care industry has many policies that keep
companies in compliance with all the rules and regulations in order to protect the consumers,
patients and employees. In every hospital, doctor's offices, therapy clinics, etc, there will always be
certain protocol of running a successful and thriving business. A certain point in time where these
policies were made, there was a process to developing a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As we
The Policy Process 4 are all aware of, the foundation for AIDS/HIV have already exceeded the
formulation stage in this process, and know exactly what they are looking for, a cure. The
Legislative Stage is the part of the policy process when a policy is brought to the board of the
company, congress or even the person that make the rules and regulation of a company or business.
This is also the part of the policy process where the policy proposal will move through government,
CEO, or managers, as well as any other decision makers that will become involved of many
different levels. These people will ultimately be the ones to determine whether a policy is to be
implemented in whole, or partially, or either nothing will become of it (Porter, R). The Legislative
Stage is also the part of the policy that a person or part of people will ultimately decide whether or
not the policy that is being proposed will be enforced. Throughout this period proposals will be
drafted, presidential action will be taken or origins of the ideas will be made public knowledge.
With the foundation of AID/HIV being such a big foundation, when policies are being made, it has
many channels to go through with the legislative stage. Some policies can sit in the Legislative
Stage for a long time, or some policies will live a short period of time in the

Follow Workplace Policies
How many policies do you have to follow in your workplace? Most likely you have to follow
several. Some you may agree or disagree with. In todays, workforce workplace policies are
constantly changing in order to fit the needs of the company and its employees. Workplace policies
are designed to establish guidelines for an employee's behavior and ways to make the company
more productive. Some companies have unions and these unions may be involved with the action of
these polices. The Unions act as a voice and will speak for the employees' rights. Therefore;
employees can find ways to help them with policy challenges. Workplace policies are helpful to
workers; however, unions and other learned skills may help employees. It is vital to an ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To most employees it may seem harmless to tell another co–worker if they have knowledge of a co–
workers personal life. May be the other worker asked "why is Paul always missing work?" and the
other employee states "because I think Paul has hepatitis c." This message tells a personal health
information and it is also an assumption. It could become damaging to Paul if it is not true. It also
shows to the employee's supervisor the employee's lack of integrity. However, if the employee
handles the discussion correctly, he can avoid this unethical behavior. If an employee applies a win
win theory, he will not expense or exclude another person. They employee will show compassion
when speaking of his peers (Covey). When a person follows all workplace policies they can expect

Policy Paradox Summary
Deborah Stone begins her book, Policy Paradox, by stating, "a theory of policy politics must start
with a simple model of political society, just as economics starts with a simple model of economic
society." Deborah Stone examines two policy–making models to describe the paradox's of the
process model for public policy. The two models include: the market (rational model) and the Polis
(community) model. Stone states she contrasts these two models to "illuminate some ways the
market model distorts political life." As discussed in class, the market model follows five steps:
1. A social system in which individuals pursue their own welfare;
2. Participants in competition with one another for scarce resources by exchanging things with
others whenever ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Situations where self interest and public interest work against each other are known as "commons
problems." In the market model the chief source of conflict is individual's perceived welfare vs.
another's perceived welfare. In the polis model the chief source of conflict is self interest vs. public
interest, or "how to have both private benefits and collective benefits." Stone notes "most actions in
the market model do not have social consequences" but in the polis, commons problems "are
everything." It is rare in the polis that the costs and benefits of an action are entirely self–contained,
affect only one or two individuals, or are limited to direct and immediate effects. Actions in the polis
have unanticipated consequences, side effects, long–term effects, and effect many people. Stone
states, "one major dilemma in the polis is how to get people to give weight to these broader
consequences in their private calculus of choices, especially in an era when the dominant culture
celebrates private consumption and personal gain." That is a

Fiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies
Introduction
China's economy has been declining and economy analysts expect the world's second largest
economy to further decline. The council has commented regarding the economic situation that
China "needs more active fiscal policy" (CNBC) in order to have its economy back on the
reasonable range. Fiscal policy affects aggregate demand depending on the government's spending
and taxation. Thus, if the government decides to make changes in its taxation such as discounting
corporate taxes, the aggregate demand curve will shift. In addition to that, money spent on public
services and welfares will increase government spending which will affect aggregate demand as
well.
Economic Analysis
Fiscal Policy
"Fiscal policy is the changes in federal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article regarding China's economy relates to discretionary fiscal policy specifically associated
with expansionary policy. Expansionary policy is where "governments use spending and taxing
powers to promote stable and sustainable growth" (Horton and El–Ganainy). Hence, China's cabinet
has planned to increase the government's spending where "more money will be spent on public
services to improve livelihoods and steady the economy" (CNBC).
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Aggregate demand (AD) shows the "relationship between the price level and the quantity of real
GDP demanded". Whereas aggregate supply (AS) shows the "relationship between the price level
and the quantity of real GDP supplied in the short run" (Hubbard and O 'Brien, 2015). Fiscal policy
relates with the AD/AS model where different fiscal policies will cause the aggregate demand curve
to shift differently. The ability of expansionary policy with the increase of the government's
spending is that it could increase aggregate demand and prevent it from having a negative shift.
China's cabinet has decided that it will increase its expense on public services and infrastructure
constructions. Therefore, the policy that will be carry out is expansionary where based on Diagram
1, aggregate demand will increase with its curve shifting to the right from AD1 to AD2 due to
increase in government spending. As a result, the will cause the market to have a

Fiscal Policies And The Fiscal Policy
Before we talk about ways to assess fiscal policy of an economy, I would like to describe what we
mean by fiscal policies and why it is important for an economy. Fiscal policy is the use of
government revenues and expenditure to influence growth of an economy. Fiscal policies that
increase demand in an economy are called as expansionary policy whereas those which reduce
demand are called as contractionary fiscal policies. These policies are most effective in a fixed
exchange rate regime with perfect capital mobility while they are less effective if the exchange rate
is flexible. These policies are used to tackle cyclicality, external account imbalances and inflationary
problems. In the following sections, I will discuss describe various roles of fiscal policy, how the
fiscal policies should be designed, how to assess its sustainability. The essay will end with a brief
policy recommendation on fiscal policies which should be generally followed by the governments.
The government uses fiscal policy to achieve its short term and long term objectives. Short run
objective mainly includes macroeconomic stabilization by responding to various domestic and
international shocks such as natural disasters, terms of trade shock, financial crisis etc., while in the
long run the government goals can be to eradicate poverty, improve infrastructure or have structural
changes in labor market. Although countries broadly share these objective, but the priorities may
change as per country's need

Economic Policy And Monetary Policy
There are two types of economic policies to control aggregate demand in a market economy. These
two types are known as fiscal policy and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is when the government
changes their taxing amounts and their spending, for the purpose of expanding or contracting
aggregate demand. Monetary policy is the changes in interests rates and money supply to expand or
contract the same demand, but it is under control of our central bank. When it comes to fiscal policy,
the government does two very different things to promote economic growth, depending on what is
going on in the economy at a certain time. For example, if our economy is in a recession and is
failing, this policy would involve lowering taxes and reducing spending. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
But in a severe recession, such as in 2008–2009, the government resorted to increased spending, in
order to get these times out of decrease and into economic increase. Another type of fiscal policy is
aimed to create more expansions and fewer recessions in our economy. This is knows as the
nondiscretionary fiscal policy, or automatic stabilizers. The main source of the federal money
brought in is from progressive income tax, which aims to increase demand in a recession and
decrease demand in an expansion, along with the welfare system. In the 2008–2009 recession, these
automatic stabilizers made a much bigger stimulus than the changes made to taxes and spending by
the government. When it comes to the monetary policy, the promoting of the economic growth
comes from the Federal Reserve System. In order to make growth during a recession, the bank
lowers interest rates and increase money supply. In an expansion, the opposite occurs, where the
interest rates are increased but the money supply is decreased. This impact though can take several
months for it to change the demand. An issue with this though is the fact that the bank is not
controlled by the president or congress, but could be seen as a positive compared to the fiscal policy,
which has to be overseen by both the president and congress.
http://faculty.etsu.edu/hipples/fpvsmp.htm
What caused the collapse of the first

The Theory Of Policy And Policy
The first theory related to policy change is policy diffusion. Policy diffusion is the process that
explains how and why policy innovations spread from one government to another. In the article The
Mechanisms of Policy Diffusion (Shipan and Volden 2008), the authors made it very clear that
uncovering the various mechanisms of policy diffusion is crucial to understanding when the
devolution of policy control to states and localities is desirable. They proceeded by explaining the
following four mechanisms to explore the conditions under which each of the four mechanisms
drove policy diffusion in regards to the spread of antismoking laws across the 675 largest U.S. cities
between 1975 and 2000. The first mechanism was policy adoption based on learning which is when
policy adoption in one area is more likely if the policy has been successful elsewhere and success
can be related to (a) the goals that the policy is designed to achieve, (b) the challenges of its
implementation, and/or (c) its political support (Shipan and Volden 2008). After that they explained
policy adoption based on competition for resources, which can produce undesirable outcomes
(Shipan and Volden 2008). This mechanism is sometimes called economic competition because in
some cases, if not most, the policy makers thoroughly evaluate the economic or financial effects of
adoption (Shipan and Volden 2008). The next mechanism introduced was policy adoption based on
the imitation of other governments by simply

Fiscal Policy And Monetary Policy
Fiscal Policy vs Monetary Policy
Fiscal policy is a way for the government to control the economy financially. The Federal
Government sometimes partakes in actions to stimulate the economy. Fiscal Policy focuses on
changing government spending, controlling inflation, encouraging economic growth, and to reach
full employment.
Monetary policy is a policy the Federal Reserve Board enforces which consists of changes in the
money supply which influences the interest rates in the economy. This can help control the overall
level of spending in the economy. Monetary Policy focuses on achieving and maintaining price–
level stability, full employment, and economic growth.
There are four different types of fiscal policy including Expansionary, Discretionary, Non–
discretionary, and Contractionary. All of these types of Fiscal Policy were created to accomplish
different things. Expansionary Fiscal Policy manipulates growth in the economy based off of
reduced government spending, rebates, and tax cuts. Discretionary Fiscal Policy is open to new
changes in government spending and taxes. Non–discretionary Fiscal Policy cannot be changed and
the policy is already set, for example, the government agreement to pay the troops that are already
on the job. And lastly, Contractionary Policy is a policy where taxes are raised and the government
reduces spending.
Fiscal Policy has a few flaws including timing issues. The timing issues occur for a couple different
reasons such as the legislative

Economic Policies And Economic Policy
In every country there 's a government and economy. Each counties government helps or tries to
help recover, stabilize, and grow the economy. First thing we need to look at is economic policy.
Economic policy refer to actions the government makes in the economic field. For example the
taxation, the government supply, money supply, interest rates, along with the labor market, and
national ownership. Inside the economic policy you will find all sorts of things that help make the
policy stand on it 's two feet. The three main parts that tie into economic policy are supply–side
economics, demand–side economics, and monetary policy. Each of the three economic structures
will also help define and show what all the economic policy is and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Now as we can see supply –side has a demand for small government and less of a tax policy. Both
of which as seen in the political views of things. So to add on to what supply–side economics is you
also need to remember that politics has role. Supply–side economics has a little bit of a background
when you look into it. Based upon the three pillars and what each one deals with you can see that
you can not take away the political side of it because it would then demand a smaller role for the
government and a less tax policy.
So the next "branch" of the economic policy would be demand–side. Demand–side economics
relates to an economic theory that defends the use of government spending and growth in the money
supply to prompt the demand for goods and services,thus leading to the expand of economic
activity. With demand–side economics there is a theory that some believe will work. Demand side
economist support government spending to the fullest. They do so because they think it will
overcome the short–term low aggregates demand. "Raising the market 's aggregate demand will
reduce unemployment and encourage economic activity, according to this theory. " By spending the
government increases demand on

Public Policy Importance
Public policy has a tremendous impact on all of society's constituents; accordingly, it is vital for the
same to understand and contribute to the policy making process. In spite of this, present day data
shows an underwhelming amount of personage contributing, or even voting in any part of the
process. Such trends point to a future that is a reflection of a past in which justice, equality, and
liberty are not a natural right. The United States of America was founded upon such principles of
democracy as per an ethical social contract in which the government served the people's best
interests for a common good, yet how can an entity adequately serve a master that lacks the
knowledge necessary to achieve aforementioned. As per Newton's laws of physics "any action has
an equal and opposite reaction"; public policy creates ripples in society that affect individual lives
both consciously and as a byproduct. Consequently, it is of outmost importance to understand public
policy, and the effects they have on all aspects of society. To achieve such a task, I believe that one
must first understand its background, purpose, effects, and most importantly, intricacy. With this in
mind, to truly appreciate and apprehend any public policy, one must understand the actions that led
to such. Whether its economical, racial, or moral reasons all policies have a story that led to their
proposal. It is important to understand how one got to a particular point as a consequence of
previous actions in order to avoid repeating previous errors, and policymaking is no exception. In
fact, understanding what actions led to the policymaking process of any singular policy allows an
individual to act accordingly. Similarly, understanding the past allows policymakers and constituents
alike to see possible consequences of their actions. Using the past for guidance and reference lets
people predict unintended consequences and plan accordingly; moreover, if a policy has failed in
previous proposals it gives reason to avoid repeating the same mistake. Along similar lines,
examples in the history of the United States show how certain policies are either beneficial or
detrimental for the greater good of the people. Looking the past for answers also

Health Care Policy
Medicare Policy Process
Brandy Marsh
HCS 455
December 12, 2011
John (Jay) Cutspec
Medicare Policy Process
The health care, policy–making process is composed of three major stages; the formulation stage,
legislative stage, and the implementation stage. The policy process refers to the specific decisions
and events that are required for a policy to be proposed, considered, and finally either implemented
and/or set aside. It is an interactive process with multiple points of access providing opportunities to
influence the multiple decision makers involved at each stage (Abood, 2007). Each stage presents a
unique set of events for a policy to be proposed, considered, and either implemented or rejected. In
the formulation stage there is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1962 President Kennedy proposed a new version of Medicare, and again it failed in Congress. In
1964 the Medicare Program was passed by the senate, but was then blocked in conference by the
House (DeWitt, 2003). It was not until twenty years later, in 1965, that President Johnson finally
signed Medicare into law as an amendment to the Social Security Legislation. It was composed of
two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A provides coverage for hospital insurance, and Part B provides
coverage for medical insurance. In 1972 disabled persons under age 65 and those with end–stage
renal disease become eligible for coverage. In 1997 Part C was added, which gave Medicare
enrollees the option to choose a private provider for their medical coverage. Then in 2006 Part D
was added. Anyone who is enrolled in Medicare Part A and B is automatically enrolled in the Part D
prescription Drug program, which provided reduced–cost prescriptions. Because of the need for
adequate health care for the elderly and disabled individuals, Medicare was formulated.
After Medicare was formulated and signed into law, it then entered the implementation stage of the
policy making process. In the implementation stage the policy is put into effect, and begins after the
policy is signed into law. In this phase, the proposed policy is transformed into a plan of action
(International Council of Nurses, 2005). The policy then needs to be administered, funded,

The Policy Analysis, The Design And Implementation Of...
The policy analysis, The Design and Implementation of Policies to Protect Low–Income
Households under a Carbon Tax, discusses the possible implementation and ramifications of a
climate rebate as a part of carbon tax legislation. More specifically, how this rebate would safeguard
low– and moderate–income families or individuals from a reduction in disposable income they
would incur from larger energy charges due to a carbon tax.
It is recommended that a three–pronged delivery mechanism be applied through the usage of
existing systems where they can deliver payments to many of the low–income households. This
delivery mechanism would require: 1) a refundable tax credit for those filing federal tax returns; 2)
rebates to federal recipients such as lower–income seniors and those that rely on Social Security and
other aids; 3) and rebates though state human services agencies (Stone, 2015). This analysis was
well written and has promise. The author is credible and the structure of the report was well drafted.
The analysis contained meaningful sources as well as data to back up implications. Overall the
report did well in presenting reliable information about the issue (carbon tax) and possible solutions
such as a climate rebate. This issue brief was written by Dr. Chad Stone, the chief Economist at the
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. There he is a specialist in the study of budgets and policy
issues and has been a part of different Congressional Committees throughout

Policy Monitoring vs. Policy Evaluation Comparison
Team D: Aaron Sawyer, Paulette Banks, Buck Charley, Greg Bradley
CJA/385 Criminal Justice Policy Analysis & Program Evaluation
May 23, 2016
Professor: Dr. Duane Benton
Policy Monitoring Monitoring policies allows the gathering of factual information as to the causes
and outcomes of criminal justice policies. For policy monitoring to be effective the information
gathered must be relevant, reliable, and valid. Policy monitoring provides data on compliance,
auditing, accounting, and outcomes of criminal justice policy. Policy monitoring further allows for
the verification that policy goals and objectives are being met (Dunn, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Comparison A central tool to managing accountability and
improving practice revolves around two key components, monitoring and evaluating. Criminal
justice agencies constantly conduct policy changes due to events that occur throughout any
department. Policy monitoring creates a indication of policy effectiveness through measurement
data. Monitoring a policy involves data collection and maintenance from programs that produce
feedback reports. In comparison to monitoring, evaluation is normally the last step in the policy
process (Aos, Miller, & Drake, 1994). Policy evaluation goes through a series of questioning of
how the policy identified and implemented the desired effect and the possibility of modifications to
produce efficiencies. For example, during an evaluation, data collected is in constant use from
previous monitoring. In monitoring, emphasis is placed on results and processes that are derived
from procedural implementation. These two overarching components of a policy constantly work
together to form any type of adjustments needed for policy effectiveness and efficiency (Capturing
Experience Monitoring and Evaluation, 1988).
Criminal Justice Policy Applicability
While both policy monitoring and policy evaluation present different benefits to criminal justice
policy, policy monitoring presents the greatest value to

The Policy Of Menu Labeling
Part 1:
Historically restaurants were exempt from nutrition labeling due to 1990s policy during the Bush
Administration6. The policy of menu labeling emerged with growing concern over the obesity crisis
and malnutrition in America. Currently more than one third of US adults are obese3. Obesity related
conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and some cancers are the leading causes of preventable
deaths in America3. President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into
law on March 23, 2010 with the provision of section 42059. Section 4205 was aimed at providing
increased information about nutrition and calorie content to the public with the goal of helping
consumers make informed and healthful dietary choices9. This section was originally due to be
enacted in April 20139.
Section 4205 of the Affordable Care Act hones in on menu labeling in restaurant or similar
establishment where there are twenty or more places doing business under the same name serving
similar food, excluding schools or establishments that do not have a set location9. Ownership type is
not considered7. Standard menu items must have calories listed adjacently with additional
documentation of sugar, fat, protein, cholesterol and fiber that is available upon request7. Temporary
items that are available for less than 90 consecutive days or less than 60 days throughout the year
are not required to have labels7. Location definition excluded food trucks, airplanes and trains from
having

Policy Analysis
Executive Summary
The city of East Wallingford, a rapidly growing community of 45,000 people has been plagued by
chronic traffic congestion which brings average trip times during peak hours far below State
standards for the community of this size. The officials of the city are seeking to solve this problem
and have asked for assistance from the Community Transportation Planning Division of the State
Department of Transportation.
Considering the situation this policy analysis paper is aiming to asses the possible alternatives to the
ineffective current transportation policy in East Wallingford. Federal money is available for
implementing four alternative transportation policies: constructing a Southern or a Northern Bypass,
widening ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
III. Current Policy Description. Current Policy Effectiveness and Efficiency
According to the Preliminary Problem Analysis prepared by the Junior Policy Analyst of the
Community Transportation Planning Division of SDOT M. Ubahn at the moment East Wallingford
is served by two state highways. Route 146 (Nottingham Road), a north–south arterial, passes
through the western side of the city. Route 9, an east–west arterial, passes through the center of East
Wallingford, and connects to Route 146, which is its Western terminus. In the central business
district, Route 9 is actually divided for 1.5 miles to allow for one way traffic flows. Route 9E is
known as State Street; Route 9W is known as Main Street. Three miles south of the central business
district on Route 146 is an interchange for Interstate 59.
Traffic flows are unacceptably heavy on Route 146 and on Main (Route 9W) and State (Route 9E)
Streets. During peak travel hours (7:30 AM to 9:30 AM and 4:00 PM to 6:00 PM), average trip
times are far below State standards for a community of this size. Trips between point A and point B
in either direction, a distance of 4.5 miles, require 30 minutes on average.
City officials want average trip time in this corridor to be reduced to 15 minutes. While this seems
to be a reasonable goal, application of SDOT standards in this case suggests it should be seen as a
target, rather than as an absolute cutoff.
IV. Policy Alternatives

Health Policies And The Health Policy
Health Policy Values According to World Health Organization (WHO, 2015), "Health policy refers
to decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a
society" (p.1). Nursing can make a change in the health policy. This writer believes nursing is the
most trusted professions and also upholds the uppermost values of morality and ethical principle.
One of the journalists Deepak Chopra said, "Enlightened leadership is spiritual if we understand
spirituality not as some kind of religious dogma or ideology, but as the domain of awareness where
we experience values like truth, goodness, beauty, love and compassion, and also intuition,
creativity, insight and focused attention" (Chopra, D., and n.d.). Nursing Values, Personal Values
and Spiritual Belief "To be accountable, nurses follow a code of ethical conduct that includes moral
principles such as fidelity, loyalty, veracity, beneficence, and respect for the dignity, worth, and self–
determination of patients, as well as adhering to the scope and standards of nursing practice" (ANA,
2015, p. 15). Nursing profession is entirely about taking care of patients, and families with integrity,
and dignity. This writer is a believer of God, following the teachings of God and truthfully
practicing it with life in daily activities. As a nurse, this writer believes in honesty trust, respect,
compassion, love, commitment, empowerment, and cooperation. While

Fiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies
Macroeconomic objectives vary widely, from reversing a recession to containing inflation,
achieving full employment to increasing economic output. Fiscal policy is one of the tools often
used to realise these goals and create financial stability. There are two ways in which fiscal policy
can be implemented, either a contractionary fiscal policy, or an expansionary fiscal policy, which I
will explore in this assignment.
The aim of an expansionary fiscal policy is to raise expenditure, whereby economic output and
household income will also increase. This is done by altering the flow of government expenditure
and tax, namely increasing government expenditure and decreasing tax.
Increasing government expenditure triggers a series of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the original government expenditure boost launches a cycle of incremental economic output
and household income.
The second part of expansionary fiscal policy, which may be used in conjunction with increasing
government expenditure or alone, is decreasing taxes. By lowering taxes people have to pay, such as
income tax, workers keep more of their money and therefore have more disposable income, which
allows them to increase consumption. As a consequence, spending goes up and firms resort
employing more people to increase production to a level that satisfies the higher demand. Once
again, the effects of the multiplier can be seen as increased economic output launches a cycle where
people have even more disposable income, and spending rises further still.
In essence, expansionary fiscal policy can be used to raise income, stimulate spending and increase
levels of production in a given economy, be it open or closed. Gradually, as unemployment falls,
this sequence allows the economy to move towards full employment.
As with most theories, expansionary fiscal policy does indeed have its criticisms and downfalls. If a
given household's expenditure were to be higher than the household's income, it would spell
financial trouble unless the extra spending can be funded somehow. Similarly, at a time of
expansionary fiscal policy, a government is spending more on goods and services, whilst tax

Immigration Policy And Foreign Policy
Immigration policy and foreign policy are in many ways interlinked, as they are often used to meet
goals in one another's policy areas. Together, they are used to enhance the safety of our citizens,
making this topic particularly important. Immigration is specifically linked to our foreign policy
efforts with underdeveloped countries (Keely 1978). To fully understand one policy area, you must
understand aspects of the other. Thus, one should consider these relationships when analyzing and
evaluating Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump's policies on immigration reform.
Immigration policy can often be used as a tool for foreign policy goals. This usually occurs when
national safety is threatened, and it is sparked by merely the perception that immigration and
terrorism are linked. Many believe that terrorists can enter our country by manipulating Immigration
laws such as refugee asylums, which leads to stricter immigration policy to better secure our
national safety (Franzblau 1997, 4–11). Even now, the Republican Nominee for President of the
United States, Donald Trump, makes statements like, "our immigration system is being used to
attack us" (Hensch 2015). Regardless of the truth value behind his statement, it is relevant to note
that the notion itself by such an important political figure could create a push for stricter
immigration policy. The change in policy may be surrounding the issue of immigration, but the
actual goal is the foreign policy goal of enhanced national

Current Policy Issue
Choose a current policy issue. Discuss this issue in terms of the stages of the policy–making
process.
The economic policy is an important process for the United States to take charge of in order to
sustain its people, business, defense, social security and taxes. Economic policy is formed by
government branches such as the Executive branch, The Legislative branch, and government
interest groups to work for a better future and success of the United States. Economic Policy is
making our nation and our people more fortunate and secure. Are government strives on trade,
finance, telecommunications, internet policy, transportation, economic sanctions, commercial
opportunities, and many other issues ensuring that the United States remains the world's ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
President Obama has proposed his budget for 2017. He proposed a budget with a number of
improvements to include a detailed international tax reform plan, and proposals to consolidate and
reorganize government agencies making them more efficient. It also included closing tax loopholes
and improving tax expenditures with smart spending reforms.
Policy implementation – A great example of policy implementation was the Budget Control Act of
2011. First the NEC came up with a solution to get the debt under control. The House and Senate
passes the act and finally the President Obama signed it into law. It brought a conclusion to the debt
ceiling crisis of 2011. The bill has since been revised increasing the sequestration caps, cuts to
mandatory spending as well as other miscellaneous savings.
Policy evaluation – Congress and the Executive branch both have roles to play in policy evaluation.
On the Executive side many federal agencies do internal reviews to evaluate policies and report if
they are working. For Congress the Congressional Research Service, Congressional Budget Office,
National Academies, and temporary commissions all do evaluation and analysis for

Policy Evaluation As The Final Process Of Policy Making

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