2015.bowman.asist.self presentation
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Investigating the self-Presentation of scholars: Presentation at #ASIST2015 #SIGMET15 panel
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2015.bowman.asist.self presentation
- 1. Self-Presentation in Academia Today: From Peer-Reviewed Publications to Social Media #ASIST2015 #sigmet15 http://tinyurl.com/sigmetpanel
- 2. Timothy D. Bowman, Research Unit for the Sociology of Education Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Turku @timothdbowman | www.tdbowman.com | impact.utu.fi
- 3. PRESENTATION OF SELF BACKSTAGE INFORMAL TALK RELAXED ROLE BARRIER GIVE OFF GIVE DRAMATIC INTERACTION FRONT STAGE SIGNS PROPS B A R R I E R IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT Expressing certain information in order to impress certain ideas upon an audience during social interaction Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York.
- 4. • Few people examining self-presentation and impression management of scholars in social media • Studies of scholars using social media tend to focus on classroom use or on scholarly output (altmetrics) • Populations of scholars using social media tend to be limited and difficult to identify GAP IN THE LITERATURE
- 5. • Communicating about research and teaching • Building academic and social capital • Filtering vast amounts of content • Collaborating with others • Self-promoting personally and professionally • Lab, department, university promoting PROMOTION & IMPACT PROFESSIONAL PERSONAL
- 6. SCHOLARLY IDENTIFIERS • Name (Real Name, variations) • Affiliation (University, department, field) • Biography (Description) • Links (links to other profiles, website) • Contact (email, phone, etc.) • Country • Keywords AFFORDANCES
- 7. ONLINE SOCIAL PLATFORMS • Name (abbreviation, fake, real, etc.) • Description (many different options) • Affiliation (employer, university, sports team, region, etc.) • Links (links to other profiles) • Contact (email, phone, etc.) • Other… PROFESSIONA L PERSONAL AFFORDANCES
- 9. AUDIENCE INTERPRETATION AMT TURKER: Personal PROFESSOR: Professional AMT TURKER: Professional PROFESSOR: Personal AMT = Amazon’s Mechanical Turk Bowman, T.D. (2015). Investigating the use of affordances and framing techniques by scholars to manage personal and professional impressions on Twitter. (Doctoral dissertation). Available at http://www.tdbowman.com/pdf/2015_07_TDBowma n_Dissertation.pdf
- 10. PROFILE IMAGE IMPRESSIONS statistically (p<.001) more likely to random 3,500 images
- 11. PROFILE IMAGE IMPRESSIONS Tsou, A., Bowman, T.D., Sugimoto, T., Larivière, V. & Sugimoto, C.R. (forthcoming). Self-presentation in scholarly profiles: Characteristics of images and perceptions of professionalism and attractiveness on academic social networking sites.
- 12. DUAL RELATIONSHIPS Sugimoto, C.R., Hank, C., Bowman, T.D., & Pomerantz, J. (2015). Friend or faculty: Social networking sites, dual relationships, and context collapse in higher education. First Monday, [S.l.]. doi:10.5210/fm.v20i3.5387. • Dual relationships in collapsed context • Standards have not fully developed • Evaluate the current codes of conduct and educational policies • New policies should be evaluated • Better address and demarcate the blurred boundaries
- 13. ALTMETRICS FRAMEWORK Haustein, S., Bowman, T. D., & Costas, R. (2016). Interpreting “altmetrics”: Viewing acts on social media through the lens of citation and social theories. In C. R. Sugimoto (Ed.), Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication. A Festschrift in Honor of Blaise Cronin (pp. 372–405). Berlin: De Gruyter. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.05701 RESEARCH OBJECT
- 14. Timothy D. Bowman, Research Unit for the Sociology of Education Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Turku @timothdbowman | www.tdbowman.com | impact.utu.fi Any Questions ?
Editor's Notes
- Welcome to our panel on self presentation in academia. This panel is sponsored by SIGMET and we have the current SIGMET chair and incoming SIGMET chair on our panel today. Please tweet about this panel using the hashtags #ASIST2015 and/or #SIGMET15. Also note that our slides are available throught the SIGMET website tinyurl.com/sigmetpanel We will each present our work in this area and then save time at the end for questions from the audience.
- My name is Tim Bowman, I’m a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Turku in Finland where I’m interested in scholarly communication, altmetrics, and the societal impact of science With me today is Dr. Isabella Peters who is a professor at the University of Kiel in Germany and she’s studying scholarly communication and social media. We have Dr. Stasia Milojevic who is an Associate professor in the Department of Information and Library Science at Indiana University Bloomington studying the science of science and computational social science, And finally Dr. Stefanie Haustein, who is a postdoctoral researcher at the Universite de Montreal in Quebec who is also studying scholarly communication and altmetrics
- I want to first introduce the theoretical framework that has informed my own work and work of others on this panel. Erving Goffman is a sociologist who’s impression management concept stems from his famous work The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life in which he uses dramaturgical concepts to describe face-to-face interaction Goffman is a well-known sociologists both within academia and without who was one of the first scholars to examine communicative acts using a micro-social lens. Goffman used concepts such as actors, the stage, props, and symbols to detail the ways in which humans interact. He detailed the process of impression management, where an actor attempts to manage the information presented to others in order to maintain the impressions others have of them during day-to-day interactions In Goffman’s work, an actor presents information to an audience while maintaining a specific role This presentation utilizes props, signs, and symbols to convey information The actors maintains the role during the presentation by giving and giving off information; Giving includes verbal communications and Giving off includes maintaining a front comprised of mannerisms and posture Goffman divided this communicative act into front and back stage regions. The front stage region is the area in which an actor maintains formal speak and attire in keeping with his or her role for the audience. The backstage region includes the area where the actor can relax and take on an informal role Gofffman saw these regions as being physically separated so that the audience could not see the actor in the informal role. Although Goffman wrote this in the 1950s, he did utilize examples of technology; for instance he spoke about the need for television news anchors and radio hosts to maintain their front stage demeanor during a broadcast and that role breakage could occur when the broadcaster was unaware they were still being broadcast and talked informally. While Goffman tended to focus on a physical barrier between the front stage and backstage presentations, I am interpreting this as a barrier to information as others before me have done, where actors must navigate between a formal (or professional) and informal (or personal) presentation of self. Goffman’s impression management concept has been utilized to interpret both online and offline communicative acts across multiple disciplines. His work is held in high regards across multiple fields and several scholars have adapted this model.
- When we investigate the current discourse on self-presentation, identity, and impression management, it’s clear that there is a gap in the literature regarding scholarly acts of self-presentation both in social media and in writing There has been some work examining self-presentation in the classroom and self-presentation when examining scholars’ offices, but there isn’t much work discussing scholarly self-presentation in social media When one performs a search for research examining scholars self-presentation and impression managment within social media contexts, the research tends to focus on either scholars integrating technology in the classroom or on the measurement of research output of scholars in social media environments (such as from who study altmetrics) One of the reasons for this gap is that scholars on social media tend to be difficult to identify and many of the platforms scholars use do not yet have public APIs that allow for easy identification of the users. Many scholars have accounts on various platforms including Mendeley, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Twitter, Facebook, etc., but there are different levels of access to the data from these applications that can make it difficult to identify scholars or to simply access the data one needs to examine these phenomena. In the studies that do examine scholars’ self-presentation in social media environments, populations tend to be relatively low due to this difficulty in identifying scholar
- Why might scholars feel the need to use social media environments? One reason could be to communicate about their research and their teaching strategies or to ask questions of other scholars regarding teaching and research. We may also be trying to build our academic and social capital. One may look to expand their network of contacts and create new strong and weak ties with others who share similar interests. In relation to altmetrics, a primary focus of the altmetrics manifesto suggests that we can use events on social media to filter content and locate the information that has the most value to us. Scholars may look to form connections with other scholars in order to foster collaborative opportunities. Finally, scholars often self-promote, presenting themselves and their work both personally and professionally, in addition to promoting their labs, departments, and universities.
- There are many different types of social media environments. One type of social media environment relevant to scholars are platforms facilitating scholar IDs. Scholar IDs are IDs that can help to distinguish the scholarly output of each scholar by providing a common ID that links all of the scholar’s work together. These types of environments often ask for profile information including The scholar’s name and affiliation A biography or description Links to the scholar’s website or university webpage Contact information Their location And keywords to distinguish their interests. This information tends to be very professional in nature and typically does not include such things as personal interests, social contacts, and the sharing of other personal information
- In contrast to these scholar identifier platforms, there are socal network sites that can provide access to additional infromation. Public social network sites such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube ask users to create profiles that also include Name description, Affiliations Links Contact inofrmation And other options Yet these platforms tend to be a mix of personal and professional, so that users can enter fake name, abbreviations of their names, affiliations with groups or interests In addition, there are academic social network sites such as Academia.edu and ResearchGate where again one is asked to create a profile, and the the profile information tends to be more professional in nature. Many scholars have accounts on multiple platforms and some have multiple accounts on the same platform. This suggests that scholars are presenting themselves in different way across multiple platforms, which has the potential to cause problems professionally as something said in one context can be misconstrued or misframed in another context.
- For example, in my dissertation work I found that scholars are using Twitter at higher rates and that they reported using it both personally and professionally. Some had multiple acounts, some had public accounts, and some kept their accounts private. For those who had public accounts, the communications they make can be framed by audiences in unintended ways or in ways that effected their professional lives. WHAT MAY HAVE BEEN EMOTIOINAL OUTBURST OR FREUDIAN SLIP OFFLINE, NOW IS SUBJECTED TO VAST INVISIBLE AUDIENCES ON SOCIAL MEDIA ONE REASON THESE CAUSE CONTROVERSY IS BECAUSE THEY ARE MADE BY SCHOLARS SCHOLARS ARE HELD TO HIGH STANDARDS THEY ARE CONSIDERED REPRESENTATIVE OF THEIR DEPARTMENTS, UNIVERSITY, AND OF SCIENCE THESE TWEETS HAD REPRECUSSIONS FOR THE SCHOLARS The scholar who discussed obese PhD students was punished by their university and the censorship included not being allowed to be on student admittance committees, being assigned a faculty mentor, being prevent from teaching for a semester, and required that their work be monitored. This scholar has since deleted thisTwitter account. The navy yard shooting tweeting scholar was suspended for a semester from their university. They since deleted this Twitter account. The zionists tweeter had a job offer rescinded from a university. This scholar is suing the university administration and continues to tweet. In a final example, a scholar made what some referred to as racists comments and publically apologized for their tweets. The university did not punish the scholar, but the president of the university said the comments were in poor choice. From these examples it is clear that communications in social media by scholars can have both personal and professional consequences.
- Dual relationships in collapsed context are integral part of academic framework Standards have not fully developed around the institutionalization of these expectations There is a Janus-faced nature to the development of policies in this arena: evaluate the current codes of conduct and educational policies for ways in which these are altered by a change in communication platform new policies should be evaluated to the degree that they might change the behavior of faculty members who were previously engaging offline Better address and demarcate the blurred boundaries as to when and where conduct and behaviors fall under their jurisdictional purview