Pervasive 2012 Talk: Hacking the Natural Habitat
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Slides for my conference talk at Pervasive 2012, Newcastle, UK on our publication: "Hacking the Natural Habitat: An in-the-wild study of smart homes, their development, and the people who live in them"
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Pervasive 2012 Talk: Hacking the Natural Habitat
- 1. HACKING THE NATURAL HABITAT: An In-the-Wild Study of Smart Homes, Their Development, and the People Who Live in Them. Sarah Mennicken, Elaine M. Huang People and Computing Lab, University of Zurich, Switzerland Pervasive 2012, Newcastle, UK, 06/20/2012
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Decades of “smart home” visions • Living in our homes becomes inseparable from using technology in our homes. 2
- 3. MOTIVATION • People who integrate technology in a home to live with it • Mainlylab studies on smart home technologies, few in-the-wild studies • Brush et al., Home Automation in the Wild: Challenges and Opportunities. In CHI 2011. • Woodruff et al., Sabbath Home Automation: It’s Like Mixing Technology and Religion. In CHI 2007. 3
- 4. MOTIVATION • Learning from current “smart home” reality ➡ Avoiding pitfalls ➡ Increase chances of benefitting 4
- 5. KEY TAKE AWAYS 1. Phases: A smart home develops in phases. 2. Roles: Inhabitants have different roles. 3. Hobby: Hacking the home is a hobby that affects others. 5
- 6. OVERVIEW • Study Design and Method • Findings • Avenues for Research 6
- 7. STUDY DESIGN • Interview study conducted in Spring 2011 • Collected in two phases Interview Method(s) Participants Professionals • 4 system integrators of bus system 1st phase •Semi-structured phone interviews solutions •3 providers of proprietary solutions •Semi-structured interviews •5 “planners” in 3 households 2nd phase •Home tours (if suitable) •10 “smart home”-inhabitants in 7 households 7
- 8. WHAT KINDS OF “SMART HOMES” DID WE CONSIDER? • Senses state or activities in/around the home. • Performs certain routines automatically. • (Controllablevia touch panel interface, mobile phone, tablet PCs, and/or web interface) [2] 8
- 9. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Interview Affinity Diagramming 9
- 10. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Interview Affinity Diagramming 9
- 11. OVERVIEW • Study Design and Method • Findings • Avenues for Research 10
- 12. LIVING IN A SMART HOME • Mix of benefits and problems “I just accept that the shades are • Tension between comfort and control down [...] and then I just go to the • Resignation to suboptimal functionality [entrance] door if I want to look outside.” ➡ Not perceived as a game P10 changer. 11
- 13. LIVING IN A SMART HOME • Mix of benefits and problems “It’s not like you • Tension between comfort and control have a rocket engine in the basement or • Resignation to suboptimal functionality anything like that. It’s comparable to what ➡ Not perceived as a game you had before – just changer. a little smarter and cooler.” P2 11
- 14. PHASES Addition of new technical components of functionalities Initial Preparing the Iterating until Reaching planning technical Initial setting it fits (temporary) infrastructure stability Software update 12
- 15. of functionalities Initial Preparing the Iterating until Reaching Initial setting planning technical it fits (temporary) infrastructure stability Software update 12
- 16. of functionalities Initial Preparing the Iterating until Reaching Initial setting planning technical (temporary) PLANNING it fits infrastructure stability Software update • Planningfor infrastructure and functionalities • Extensive research on available technologies and options • Difficult to get high-level expert advice “The whole issue of home automation is still so • Challenging to plan for unfamiliar remote. For cars, everyone technology knows what’s possible.” P7 13
- 17. of functionalities ial Preparing the Iterating until Reaching Initial setting ning technical (temporary) PREPARING it fits infrastructure stability Software update • Installation of technical components • Usually done by professionals 14
- 18. of functionalities Iterating until Reaching Initial setting (temporary) it fits ITERATING stability Software update • Learning phase for inhabitants • Dealing with suboptimal configurations • Phase of reconfigurations “For me it’ s like an ongoing construction site. So it’ s normal that it’ s nonsense.” P12 15
- 19. until Reaching (temporary) stability (TEMPORARY) STABILITY Software update • Periods of use without change • Stability not an indicator for optimal solution • Often time for planning upgrades and modifications “And once everything is done... it’ s nice to be here, but then new thoughts start: what else could you do?” P8 16
- 20. ROLES Resp onsi ble Hom e te driv ch er eu ser Passiv • Related to Poole et al., More than Meets the Eye: Transforming the User Experience of Home Network Management. In DIS 2008. 17
- 21. “It’s not really about [using the ROLES technology], but making it happen… building this apartment; planning everything, then building it, then making it work…” P8 Hom e te driv ch er • Technical expertise • Regard home automation as a hobby • Engage actively in planning and research • Fixes problems 18
- 22. ROLES Resp onsi “I just check if all ble [control lamps] are green in here. If there’s something red, I know, I call my technicians.” P14 • No or little technical expertise • Person in charge, but delegating to professionals 19
- 23. ROLES “Technology is mainly his topic. I wait for what he shows me and then I say ‘that’s good’ or ‘that’s not good.’” P11 • Most other adult household members • No or little technical expertise • Generally not interested and motivated to deal eu ser with technical details Passiv • Actively evaluate the technology 20
- 24. HOBBY • Hacking the home is a hobby. “Instead of having a model railway I have this home.” P10 21
- 25. HOBBY • Hacking the home is a hobby that affects others. “She wanted to turn on the light and then the switch was for the other light because I reassigned it, and then the shutters rolled up on one day, and on another day it was a light switch again.” P15 22
- 26. OVERVIEW • Study Design and Method • Findings • Avenues for Research 23
- 27. AVENUES FOR SMART HOME RESEARCH • Design for all phases. 24
- 28. AVENUES FOR SMART HOME RESEARCH • Supporting hackers and the hacking process. 25
- 29. AVENUES FOR SMART HOME RESEARCH • Supporting hackers and the hacking process. 25
- 30. AVENUES FOR SMART HOME RESEARCH • Supporting hackers and the hacking process. 25
- 31. AVENUES FOR SMART HOME RESEARCH • Exploring support for passive users. Interview 26
- 32. KEY TAKE AWAYS 1. Phases: A smart home develops in phases. 2. Roles: Inhabitants have different roles. 3. Hobby: Hacking the home is a hobby that affects others. 27
- 33. THANKS! Members of ZPAC, Frank Bentley, and Khai Truong for their assistance and feedback. Participants of our study, including smart home professionals from Loxone, nomos system, geSys, myHomeAutomation.de, and Zenon Schymiczek.
- 34. HACKING THE NATURAL HABITAT: An In-the-Wild Study of Smart Homes, Their Development, and the People Who Live in Them. Sarah Mennicken, Elaine M. Huang People and Computing Lab, University of Zurich, Switzerland 1. Phases 2. Roles 3. Hobby mennicken@ifi.uzh.ch ZPAC.CH FB.COM/ZPACLAB
Editor's Notes
- - Sarah, ZPAC, UZH, Elaine \n- findings, in-the-wild study of smart homes & people\n-> start with intro & motivation\n\n\n
- - visions how automation will change everyday life\n- influenced/created by marketing\n- illustrated/shaped by movies\n\n- home own decisions / all actions / heaven or hell\n\n- don’t exist, we all live in homes, use technology in our homes\n- experience ourselves, using tech in our homes, living in our homes, ^ seamless, ^ inseparable \n
- - people taking to an extreme, seamless integration of tech to live with it\n- automating parts, connecting appliances -> home itself smart\n(WORKSHOP: technology in physical infrastructure)\n- learn from their use\n\n- some extent has been done in lab studies, limit: no actual everyday and long time experiences\n- only last couple years, broader adoption -> actual studies on in-the-wild smart homes\n- such studies: Brush et al, Woodruff et all, build on the back & extend understanding of smart homes\n
- - Unique opportunity to advance our understanding \n-> put those technologies into a larger context\n-> avoid pitfalls of this difficult relationship living home/using tech in home\n-> increase chances of benefiting\n\n- Start presenting our work w overview of takeaways\n\n
- - More findings in the paper: 3 key take aways\n(LIKE MOTIVATIONS AND UNDERSTANDINGS OF SMART)\n- increase chance that’ll stick\n\n1. more complex than out-of-the-shelf tech -> SH develops in phases\n\n2. SH home to several people, different roles\n\n3. hacking/automation home a hobby = any other hobby, but affects others\n\n- influence each other, explain how roles/motivations are reflected in phases\n
- How did we setup our study\n
- - Interview study, spring last year\n\n- range of insights: various stakeholders in this process\n\n1. phase: initial overview about SH tech market -> semi-structured phone interviews w 7 SH professionals from D, CH, A\n-> insights current trends/challenges for industry, experiences w clients, their needs \n\n2. phase: \n- semi-structured interviews w 5 people in the process ...\n- semi-structured interviews + home tours w all but 1 of 10 SH inhabitants\n\n5:00\n
- SH are very diverse and heterogeneous -> when recruiting:\n- basic infrastructure of commercially available systems with some DIY components\n- scoped our definition of “SH”\n\nexpected:\n- sense state of the home and sense activities in/around the home (motion/brightness sensors, electrical/internet usage)\n- based on sensors and predefined rules -> act automatically (shades, lights, alerts (laundry, doors))\n\nnot required, but often:\n- control via touch panel interface: either integrated, often tablet PCs or remotely via mobile phone or web access\n\nBack to actual data collection\n\n
- phone, in person, show us around home -> experiences w automation & SH tech + understanding what makes a home smart\n\naudio recorded, took photos when suitable\n\n(CLICK)\n\ntranscribed, translated -> facilitate collaboration, used affinity diagramming to analyze and derive findings -> now\n
- phone, in person, show us around home -> experiences w automation & SH tech + understanding what makes a home smart\n\naudio recorded, took photos when suitable\n\n(CLICK)\n\ntranscribed, translated -> facilitate collaboration, used affinity diagramming to analyze and derive findings -> now\n
- Begin by giving an idea on how SH tech and automation influenced our participants’ life.\n
- Reported on mix of benefits and problems -> neither heaven nor hell\n- increase of comfort <-> perceived or actual loss of control\n- mess up with mental models on how things work\n- connection cause/effect not obvious\n\n- automation not able to perfectly perform what wanted in that moments\n- resigned or accepted suboptimal functionality for the sake of not having to do it manually anymore\n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;I just accept that the shades are down [...] and then I just go to the [entrance] door if I want to look outside.&#x201D;\n(CLICK)\n- these issues -> perception a little cooler or smarter but not as being a game changer\n\nQUOTE\n\n- not enabling new functionalities, incremental improve of what one can already do\n-to learn more about roots & potential improvements -> investigated process of how a smart home develops\n\n8:00\n\n\n\n
- Reported on mix of benefits and problems -> neither heaven nor hell\n- increase of comfort <-> perceived or actual loss of control\n- mess up with mental models on how things work\n- connection cause/effect not obvious\n\n- automation not able to perfectly perform what wanted in that moments\n- resigned or accepted suboptimal functionality for the sake of not having to do it manually anymore\n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;I just accept that the shades are down [...] and then I just go to the [entrance] door if I want to look outside.&#x201D;\n(CLICK)\n- these issues -> perception a little cooler or smarter but not as being a game changer\n\nQUOTE\n\n- not enabling new functionalities, incremental improve of what one can already do\n-to learn more about roots & potential improvements -> investigated process of how a smart home develops\n\n8:00\n\n\n\n
- FIRST TAKE AWAY \n\n- make a home smart-> phases over time\n- not simply installing\n- each phase: own challenges/characteristics\n\n- Process of making a home smart starts w\nINITIAL PLANNING\n- do research, figure out want/need\nw professionals -> TECH INFRASTRUCTURE is setup, ready for initial setting of funct.\nour participants ITERATED on funct., components, configurations -> some STABILITY \n- often only temporary because addition of new tech components, sw or config updates\n\n- getting to details now\n\n(WORKSHOP: incrementally towards a Pervasive Computing vision?)\n
- FIRST TAKE AWAY \n\n- make a home smart-> phases over time\n- not simply installing\n- each phase: own challenges/characteristics\n\n- Process of making a home smart starts w\nINITIAL PLANNING\n- do research, figure out want/need\nw professionals -> TECH INFRASTRUCTURE is setup, ready for initial setting of funct.\nour participants ITERATED on funct., components, configurations -> some STABILITY \n- often only temporary because addition of new tech components, sw or config updates\n\n- getting to details now\n\n(WORKSHOP: incrementally towards a Pervasive Computing vision?)\n
- FIRST TAKE AWAY \n\n- make a home smart-> phases over time\n- not simply installing\n- each phase: own challenges/characteristics\n\n- Process of making a home smart starts w\nINITIAL PLANNING\n- do research, figure out want/need\nw professionals -> TECH INFRASTRUCTURE is setup, ready for initial setting of funct.\nour participants ITERATED on funct., components, configurations -> some STABILITY \n- often only temporary because addition of new tech components, sw or config updates\n\n- getting to details now\n\n(WORKSHOP: incrementally towards a Pervasive Computing vision?)\n
- - plan for infrastructure and functionalities\n- extensive research: what&#x2019;s available, functions & available products\n\n- reported: difficult to find information they needed \n!= tech details and specs\n- high level advice: support/help what needs\n- expert advice: what products will do that job\n-Paid smart home consultants: don&#x2019;t want to invest right away, inform themselves first\n-&#x201C;Free&#x201D; consultants: biased, only one perspective\n\n- challenge: unfamiliar technology\n- how will it affect life? integrate into life?\n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;The whole issue of home automation is still so remote. For cars everyone knows what&#x2019;s possible.&#x201D;\n\n- Automation in cars around for some time -> people know what to expect (air conditioning, central locking, rain sensors)\n- SH products -> no clue if it&#x2019;ll actually be of benefit\n\n10:00\n\n\n
- - after figured out what to install -> preparing infrastructure (sensors, actuators, wiring, ...)\n- most technical components required a professional to have them installed\n- not all, but many required professional for the initial setup and sometimes even configuration of functionalities\n\n\n
- - phase over iterations: functionalities/configurations \n- learned how tech works\n- learned what works well/what doesn&#x2019;t related to routines in their household\n\n- Living with suboptimal configurations in this time.\n- especially beginning: bigger changes shifts to tweaking and fine-tuning (example: sensitivity of motion sensors or time settings of the shades)\n- lot of changes, some cases daily basis\n- changing connections between sensors and actuators -> confusion for many participants not being involved actively in config\n- people involved in config: it&#x2019;s something under construction \n\nQUOTE\n\n&#x201C;For me it&#x2019;s like an ongoing construction site. So it&#x2019;s normal that it&#x2019;s nonsense.&#x201D;\n\nFor him it was like an early prototype.\n\n\n
- - reported: period w/o changes\n- not necessarily an indicator for perfect solution, simply longer time w/o changes\n\n- often: time for planning new upgrades, additions, modifications of what they had\n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;And once everything is done...it&#x2019;s nice to be here, but then new thoughts start: what else could you do?&#x201D;\n\n- after experiencing how automation or SH technologies work and what they can do, more familiar -> what else could be possible, better ways?\n\n- the degree to which they engaged in active planning depended on the ROLE the took on.\n\n12:30\n
- SECOND TAKE AWAY \n\n- variety of roles\n- backs up related work in the area of home network management from Poole et al. which was applied to home automation by Brush et al.\n\n- we identified a similar set of roles, extend them to the context of the planning phase and provide some more characteristics\n\nThe enthusiast home technology driver\nThe responsible person in charge and \nThe passive user being exposed to the home automation and its effects.\n
- most households: home tech driver\n- technical expertise (education, strong hobby interest)\n- interested in getting tech in the first place\n- interest in additions\n- much time in researching and planning just like a hobby\n\nQUOTE &#x201C;It&#x2019;s not really about [using the technology], but the making it happen&#x2026; building this apartment; planning everything, then building it, then making it work&#x2026;&#x201D; \n\n- besides that: person in charge to fix problems \n
- - In two households: variation of a person in charge -> home tech responsible\n- no technical background\n- took care: everything working correctly?\n- problems -> delegate to professionals\n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;I just check if all [control lamps] are green in here. If there&#x2019;s something red, I know, I call my technicians.&#x201D; \n\n- her task: figure out, everything working correctly? couldn&#x2019;t fix problems -> professionals\n
- - Most other household members: passive users\n- no technical bg\n- no interest to deal with the technical details to be able to use their home\n\n- many cases: spending more time at home -> more exposure \n- not interested in tech, still : input on decision making in the planning phase + evaluated the technology\n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;Technology is mainly his topic. I wait for what he shows me and then I say &#x2018;that&#x2019;s good&#x2019; or that&#x2019;s not good.&#x2019;&#x201D; \n\n- also active feedback, if technologies not like expected\n- expressed manual override control over automation\n\n- can&#x2019;t generalize: frequently female partners of male technology drivers\n\n15:00\n\n
- - home tech drivers bring us to last KEY TAKE AWAY:.\n- Hacking the home as a hobby\n- often the motivation to get smart home technologies in the first place.\n- just as any other hobby -> investment of time and money\n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;Instead of having a model railway I have this home.&#x201D; \n\n- much time into playing around with the configuration + researching new technologies\n- Several of our participants engaged actively \n- sharing experiences in online forums \n- attending fairs or interest group meetings: what else they can do \n\n- model railway set up in the basement (not influencing much) != playing around with the whole home \n
- - Hobby that affects other very directly. \n\nQUOTE: &#x201C;She wanted to turn on the light and then the switch was for the other light because I reassigned it, and then the shutters rolled up on one day, and on another day it was a light switch again.&#x201D; \n\n- imagine this situation in passive users perspective \n- Switch with apparently random functions? Home controlled by such switches?\n\n- enjoyed trying new functions, -> reconfiguring -> unpleasant experience for partner\n- person configuring/ controlling tech != person having to use it most.\n\n- not interested in the configuration -> no knowledge about changes, but affected\n
- It was reported that for some participants home automation and advanced building control simply belong to a modern home. As illustrated in this quote.\n\n\nwhy do people think that modern homes should be technology equipped?\n\n\n\n
- Another reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\n
- Another reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\n
- Another reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\n
- Another reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\n
- Another reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\n
- - Then we thought about why people actually want a smart home, because all these technologies that have to be installed often require some serious monetary investment.\nSome motivations we found are the following:\nIt was reported that for some participants home automation and advanced building control simply belong to a modern home. As illustrated in this quote.\nAnother reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\nSeveral participants simply enjoyed tinkering their home and playing with technology. Mostly those with a technical background.\nAnd a very recent topic: information that can be retrieved from a smart home can help saving energy. \n\n\nwhy do people think that modern homes should be technology equipped?\n\nmehr interpretation zu den punkten!\n\ncan be removed\n\n\n
- - Then we thought about why people actually want a smart home, because all these technologies that have to be installed often require some serious monetary investment.\nSome motivations we found are the following:\nIt was reported that for some participants home automation and advanced building control simply belong to a modern home. As illustrated in this quote.\nAnother reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\nSeveral participants simply enjoyed tinkering their home and playing with technology. Mostly those with a technical background.\nAnd a very recent topic: information that can be retrieved from a smart home can help saving energy. \n\n\nwhy do people think that modern homes should be technology equipped?\n\nmehr interpretation zu den punkten!\n\ncan be removed\n\n\n
- - Then we thought about why people actually want a smart home, because all these technologies that have to be installed often require some serious monetary investment.\nSome motivations we found are the following:\nIt was reported that for some participants home automation and advanced building control simply belong to a modern home. As illustrated in this quote.\nAnother reason was the experiencing benefits whets one&#x2019;s appetite for more. So once they experienced advantages they wanted to extend what they had.\nSeveral participants simply enjoyed tinkering their home and playing with technology. Mostly those with a technical background.\nAnd a very recent topic: information that can be retrieved from a smart home can help saving energy. \n\n\nwhy do people think that modern homes should be technology equipped?\n\nmehr interpretation zu den punkten!\n\ncan be removed\n\n\n
- - What do findings of phases, roles and motivations -> put forth as avenues for the research community?\n\n- What can we learn as researchers from studying those commercial deployments that we can use for our own research? \n\n17:00\n
- - based on findings:\n- not only when in the home, but support individual phases\n\n- planning phases neglected (creating supportive technologies)\n-> could carry out research on how to help to anticipate their needs \n- e.g. simulating existing routines, how automation would affect it -> figure out if it&#x2019;s a benefit\n- technologies to find available products that will do the job\n\n- iteration phase\n- making process of reconfigurations more transparent\n- allow for predictable effects -> smoother/faster integration into home + lives\n- (better then &#x201C;under construction&#x201D; sign along interfaces and controls)\n
- - Automating home/playing around is a hobby\n- develop tech already, come up with configs/use cases that fit actual everyday life and needs\n(CLICK) share experience, expertise, knowledge already to some extent\n(CLICK) how can we as pervasive/ubicomp community learn from what they built, use it for our work\n- and support actual making process: easier/more enjoyable\n
- - Automating home/playing around is a hobby\n- develop tech already, come up with configs/use cases that fit actual everyday life and needs\n(CLICK) share experience, expertise, knowledge already to some extent\n(CLICK) how can we as pervasive/ubicomp community learn from what they built, use it for our work\n- and support actual making process: easier/more enjoyable\n
- - coming to the end\n- last research avenue, currently focussing on\n\n- SH not only for configurers, computer programs not only for programmers\n- variety of people -> keep everyone in the loop (able to control their own home)\n\n- role of passive users, not interested in tech details configuring their home\n- still strong interest in using the home and contributing that it works well, getting benefit out of technologies\n\n- as researchers:\n- support to better understand what&#x2019;s going on in their homes, being able to influence state of home\n- more meaningful ways to interact: right amount of control and feedback -> reduce frustrations\n\n- started: learning more about them\n- further interviews\n- collect probes and comments on their everyday experiences\n-> inform design of future SH interfaces that are geared towards their specific needs and enable functions they&#x2019;re interested in 19:30\n\n\n
- - conclude by stating three take aways that I hope will be useful\n(those creating and researching tech around home automation or SH technologies)\n\n1. doesn&#x2019;t come in a box, bringing to home, makes home smart -> SH develops in phases\n2. like any other home, inhabited by variety of users. Different roles\n3. people fun configuring home, hobby, but more than 1 person living in a home -> affects others.\n\nWe, perv/ubicomp community can use those -> improve interaction with future SH\n\n\n
- - Thanks for attention\n- Members of ZPAC\n- Frank Bentley and Khai Truong \n\n- Participants of our study\n
- Happy to take questions\n\nHope key take aways will stick even after the reception\n
- \n
- We had one very basic question in the very beginning: what does smart actually mean to people?\n&#x201C;smart home&#x201D; is a popular term in marketing, but was does it mean to inhabitants of such homes or people that are planning for that?\n\nMany of our participants didn&#x2019;t relate it to technology but rather on their everyday life and their daily routines.\nAs e.g. this inhabitant actually considered the door to the basement &#x201C;smart&#x201D; because it fits the families routine when they do work in the garden because it doesn&#x2019;t carry mud into the other areas of their home.\n
- We had one very basic question in the very beginning: what does smart actually mean to people?\n&#x201C;smart home&#x201D; is a popular term in marketing, but was does it mean to inhabitants of such homes or people that are planning for that?\n\nMany of our participants didn&#x2019;t relate it to technology but rather on their everyday life and their daily routines.\nAs e.g. this inhabitant actually considered the door to the basement &#x201C;smart&#x201D; because it fits the families routine when they do work in the garden because it doesn&#x2019;t carry mud into the other areas of their home.\n
- We had one very basic question in the very beginning: what does smart actually mean to people?\n&#x201C;smart home&#x201D; is a popular term in marketing, but was does it mean to inhabitants of such homes or people that are planning for that?\n\nMany of our participants didn&#x2019;t relate it to technology but rather on their everyday life and their daily routines.\nAs e.g. this inhabitant actually considered the door to the basement &#x201C;smart&#x201D; because it fits the families routine when they do work in the garden because it doesn&#x2019;t carry mud into the other areas of their home.\n
- We had one very basic question in the very beginning: what does smart actually mean to people?\n&#x201C;smart home&#x201D; is a popular term in marketing, but was does it mean to inhabitants of such homes or people that are planning for that?\n\nMany of our participants didn&#x2019;t relate it to technology but rather on their everyday life and their daily routines.\nAs e.g. this inhabitant actually considered the door to the basement &#x201C;smart&#x201D; because it fits the families routine when they do work in the garden because it doesn&#x2019;t carry mud into the other areas of their home.\n
- We had one very basic question in the very beginning: what does smart actually mean to people?\n&#x201C;smart home&#x201D; is a popular term in marketing, but was does it mean to inhabitants of such homes or people that are planning for that?\n\nMany of our participants didn&#x2019;t relate it to technology but rather on their everyday life and their daily routines.\nAs e.g. this inhabitant actually considered the door to the basement &#x201C;smart&#x201D; because it fits the families routine when they do work in the garden because it doesn&#x2019;t carry mud into the other areas of their home.\n
- Participants also reported not to consider things as smart, if they can do the same action faster themselves. \n\nreveals a fit between practice, routines and technology\nbut home automation is not focussing on\nshould effect how we develop smart technology (for the home)\n\n\n
- Participants also reported not to consider things as smart, if they can do the same action faster themselves. \n\nreveals a fit between practice, routines and technology\nbut home automation is not focussing on\nshould effect how we develop smart technology (for the home)\n\n\n
- Participants also reported not to consider things as smart, if they can do the same action faster themselves. \n\nreveals a fit between practice, routines and technology\nbut home automation is not focussing on\nshould effect how we develop smart technology (for the home)\n\n\n
- As mentioned, there are only few in-the-wild studies, but there are some.\nBrush et al. conducted semi-structured home visits in 14 households with home automation and they provide us with insights on a variety barriers on why there is no broader adoption of such technologies yet. \n\nWoodruff et al. conducted interviews with 20 Jewish families that use home automation for religious purposes and report on the experiences in this specific context.\n\nWhile not focussing on home automation, but nonetheless technologies in the domestic environment, Poole et al. did research on how people manage their home networks and besides other findings they present a set of roles that people take on in this context.\n\n(CLICK)\n\n\nA return to truly shared technology <-> Contrast to the emerging ubicomp paradigm\nTechnologies need to behave in a way that suits all household members\nPersonalization not necessarily the answer, unlike with shared computers, it doesn&#x2019;t make sense to use profiles. Need to find solutions that suit multiple members of a household and this requires flexibility rather than one-size-fits all automation\n\n