How Does Climate Change Affect Public Health

How Does Climate Change Affect Public Health
Bounds, Matthew
Mrs. Dixon
English Composition
3 November 2015
Climate Change: A Look on Public Health
What will happen to the future of humanity if climate change is allowed to have its way with the
human race? What disasters will climate change force upon civilization? Will the human race slowly
be extinguished? What will happen to individual people as the Earth's climate gets more and more
violent? Climate change will affect the general public's health; the only question is "How much?"
Climate change's effects are very real and some have even already started, Earth 's surface
temperature has already warmed more than 0.8 °C over the past century and roughly 0.6 ° C in the
last 30 years. (Campbell–Lendrum) The main culprit is human ... Show more content on
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(Frumkin, "Climate change and public health: thinking, communicating, acting.")
"We [The CDC] expect to see an increase in the severity, duration, and frequency of extreme heat
waves. Heat causes a range of health effects, from mild (heat cramps, heat exhaustion) to severe
(such as heat stroke, which can be fatal)."
"Climate change will likely modify extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, and heavy
precipitation. In addition, some evidence suggests hurricanes could become more intense. The
health effects of extreme weather events range from loss of life and acute trauma to indirect effects
such as loss of home, large–scale population displacement and subsequent mental health effects,
damage to sanitation infrastructure (drinking water and sewage systems), interruption of food
production, and damage to the health–care infrastructure."
"Climate changes will likely affect air quality by modifying local weather patterns and pollutant
concentrations, affecting natural sources of air pollution, and encourage the formation of ground–
level ozone. Ozone can irritate the respiratory system, reduce lung function, aggravate asthma, and
inflame and damage cells that line the lungs. In addition, it may cause permanent lung damage and
aggravate chronic lung diseases."
"Altered weather patterns resulting from climate change could affect the distribution and incidence
of food– and
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Extreme Weather And Droughts In California
Extreme weather is one of the most important climate issues in the world today. Between January
2000 and June 2017, approximately $471.75 billion USD has been spent to repair damage from
extreme weather events (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, 2018). These events have
resulted in over 3,000 deaths. Residents in frequent areas of these phenomena have been affected
through loss of shelter, food, water, and life. 8 hurricanes have hit the U.S. within the last 17 years.
Droughts in California and surrounding states have decreased yields of pastures and crop fields.
Droughts and hurricanes are occurring in hot, dry summers. These events have been occurring since
around 1895, when "the thermometer stayed so high" (Miller, 2012). El Niño

Being A City Storm Water Foreman For Volusia County
Here we go again! Its hurricane season in Florida and the local news is reporting a voluntary
evacuation for Volusia County. My cell phone rings, I've been called in. I run through the house
stuffing extra pairs of work clothes into my backpack. I kiss my wife and kids goodbye and over my
shoulder I yell, "I'm not sure what day I will get to come home." My wife sighs for she knows all
too well that she's in charge of the home front. While at times my career can be tough on my family,
it's what I know, what I love and what I choose to do. When the citizens of Volusia County race to
evacuate the area, I move in to protect it.
I have been working as a city storm water foreman for thirteen years and I am happy to say that I
have generally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My family is very important to me, which is why I really want to end up in a long–term career that
has a good work–life balance. Mr. Walker told me that he manages about twenty–nine employees
and, unless it is a peak time or an emergency, his work hours are Monday through Friday from
7:30am to 4:30pm with a one–hour lunch (Walker). This information was very appealing to me.
Stress is also an important factor to consider since stress can make your job less enjoyable as well as
affect how you respond to your family. Mr. Walker explained to me that his stress level is very low,
but can obviously peak in extreme weather conditions such as flooding or hurricanes (Walker). Mr.
Walker went on to explain that when you're in charge of storm water the entire city looks upon you
to correct any issues that may occur, to keep them safe as well as they evaluate the proactive work
that you have completed throughout the year (Walker). Jokingly Mr. Walker stated, "People are not
too forgiving five days after a hurricane when their car is still underwater and their dog floats by
(Walker)." I understand what Mr. Walker is getting at, it's the overall duty of the storm water
division manager to make sure that all pumps are set up and working, as well as that there is a plan
in place to

Review: The Great Barrier Reef
Hi, I'm Matilda and today I will be discussing why the great barrier reef needs more protection than
ever.
The Great Barrier Reef is the most abundant and diverse coral ecosystem on Earth. It contains, over
1600 species of fish, 6 out of the 7 species of marine turtles in the world, 215 species of birds, and
more than 3000 species of shells. This rich and diverse range of species needs to be protected no
matter the cost. The reef is also the only living organisms that can be seen from space. If we want
any other life out there to see us, surely we want to be remembered by our beautiful and vibrant
reef, not by dull and repetitive skyscrapers. It is even one of the seven natural wonders of this world
along side Mount Everest.
This stands ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Global warming also causes extreme weather events such as cyclones and extreme rainfall. This can
weaken and destroy the reef structure and also brings more sediment into the reef which can be
detrimental to the reefs overall survival
Global warming is caused by us. As we continue to put fuels in our cars, keep cutting down trees
and using excess electricity we are actively hurting the Great Barrier Reef. As the youth of today we
have the tools to speak up and demand more from our government, we must fight for our future, for
our reef. Because, although we are alive to enjoy its ethereal beauty, we must do our part to ensure
that future generations will have the same opportunity to embrace the reef.
The Australian and Queensland government is only investing $200 million annually into the
maintenance of the reef. Whereas the government invest $250 million into the Australian sport
commission with $100 million of that going towards the Australian Olympic team. This year we
only won 8 gold which equates to $12.5 million each medal. Why is it that more money is put into
sporting events than one of the seven wonders of the world? We need to start investing billions, not
millions. It is time we change our perspective and begin to appreciate and care for the reef as it

The Cold War Period ( 1945-1991 )
Since the Cold War period (1945–1991) the international community has faced a plethora of
challenges, none greater than the current, and rapidly growing threat of climate change. In this
essay, climate change will be acknowledged as a legitimate phenomenon, which is presently faced
by the global population. Described as a shift in the Earth's weather patterns over a time scale
spanning longer than a decade, climate change is directly related to the variation in quantities of
extreme weather events worldwide. This paper will specifically argue on the consequences of these
extreme weather events which have the potential to destabilise and weaken nations. Along with
prospectively injuring the lives of many civilians and forcing them to flee their State, in search of
safety in that of neighbouring countries, this resulting in the security threat and crisis of climate
refugees. Corresponding to these threats is the challenge of cooperation under anarchy, as climate
change is that of a global commons concern. Climate change possesses the ability to significantly
pose a threat to all humans, and in a world of international anarchy. Compiling with States and
Nations looking to further their own agenda, it presents another dimension of complexity, which
showcases the difficulties, need and importance of addressing what is known to be the most
significant international relation issue of our time.
Whilst change in the Earth's temperature has varied throughout the course of history,

Global Warming : Extreme Weather
Global Warming: Extreme Weather & Seasonal Mismatching Recent climate modeling results
indicate that "extreme" weather events may become more common. Rising average temperatures
produce a more variable climate system. Carbon dioxide from cars, industries and power plants trap
heat near the earth 's surface. More heat means more energy. Adding more energy to the atmosphere
creates the potential for more extremes. Climatologists say extreme weather events will become
more common as our climate heats up. The gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth 's
atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon
dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants is known as Global Warming. The greenhouse
effect is when the Earth 's atmosphere becomes thick with gases, such as Carbon dioxide, and
substances which trap the sun 's radiation, making the Earth warmer. The extreme weather is leading
to climate changes which are resulting in seasonal mismatching.
The Earth 's seasons have shifted back in the calendar year, with the hottest and coldest days of the
years now occurring almost two days earlier. Temperatures over land in the 100–year period
between 1850 and 1950 showed a simple, natural pattern of variability, with the hottest day of the
year in the Northern Hemisphere landing around July 21. But from the mid–1950s onward (the
period when global average temperatures began to rise), the hottest day came 1.7 days earlier.

Earth Sets A Temperature Record For The Third Straight Year'
Global Warming
Global warming has been a conversation holder for the past decade or so. Years ago people believed
that global warming was a myth, and was not going to happen. Now for the third year in a row
temperatures are becoming warmer and warmer. Scientists are becoming more alert to the steady
pace of earth's temperatures rising. In the article "Earth Sets a Temperature Record for the Third
Straight Year" by Justin Gillis, he explains that earth is casually becoming warmer every single year.
After reading Gillis's article I would strongly agree with him, I believe his article gives concrete
evidence that earth is warming up, and could potentially cause many problems. Global warming is
happening and will eventually cause extinction, rise in sea level, and effects on weather.
Caribou, Ermine, Polar bears, arctic fox, and white wolves are just some of many animals that could
potentially become extinct in the near future. Some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the article from washington post, "Global warming would harm the Earth, but some areas might
find it beneficial" by Brian Palmer, he states that, It may also allow companies to extract new oil
and mineral wealth from beneath the sea."(Palmer.). Allowing companies new areas to search for oil
and minerals could open up a huge amount of jobs, Which also brings in more money. As all of our
seasons become warmer Even though it makes the economy better, global warming is not a good
thing and could endanger any sort of life on this planet.
Global warming is happening now, and will keep on happening until we choose to stop it. The future
of our planet is in our hands. If we don't stop it now, any life on earth could potentially be whipped
out. Some ways that you can make a difference is by, recycling, using less heat and air conditioning,
driving less, buying energy–efficient products, using less hot water, and planting a

Summer Time People Fat Research Paper
Your body reacts to the temperature in many different ways. The temperature, whether it is hot or
cold can hurt your body and its functions. You have to know how to dress, take caution, and know
the facts about how the weather in your environment and how it can harm you. During the summer
time your body gets hot because it changes with the weather around you. The clothes you wear
affect the way the way your body reacts to the heat. Clothes interfere with the circulation in your
body. That's why in the summer time people wear less clothes when it's hot, because the more you
have on the more of your body is covered and that affects how your body reacts. You will get out
and sweaty, and that is uncomfortable. During the winter time your body is still affected just not in
the same way. The one similarity is an imbalance in the body. In the cold weather you should wear
more clothes. To balance out your body temperature you must wear more clothes so you are not
cold. The more clothes you wear the warmer you will be when it is cool outside. Clothes help add
more heat to your body that you need to survive threw cold weather. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many people die every year of heat exhaustion and hypothermia. Heat exhaustion is when a person's
body gets overheated. People don't always die from it but if it doesn't lead to death it could cause
many other damages to the body. Hypothermia is when the body gets too cold. More people die
from this. It is a very dangerous thing. People who live in extreme areas need to educate themselves
on the dangers of extreme temperatures and how they effect your body. Even if you don't live
somewhere with excessive climates you should still get to know these things in case you ever move
or go on a trip you will be

Global Warming And Climate Change
During the past several hundred years, civilization has made rapid progress in industries like air
travel, automobiles, and energy production. These developments were made without consideration
of the long–term effects that their emissions may have on the planet. Changing weather patterns are
now wreaking havoc around the world, and scientists attribute this to human–caused climate
change. During President Obama's State of the Union address in 2015, he stated that, "No challenge
poses a greater threat to future generations than climate change," ("Remarks by the President").
Warming temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change have disastrous consequences that
pose a threat to humanity and the environment. Scientists have given numerous warnings that
human–caused, or anthropogenic, climate change is not only occurring now, but accelerating more
quickly than predicted (Maibach, Myers, and Leiserowitz 295). Global warming contributes to
climate change as a result of the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere ("Global
Warming"). The level of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the
atmosphere has increased significantly over the years. Patterns of warming are sufficient to
conclude that this increase has coincided with the start of the Industrial Revolution ("Global
Warming"). By analyzing carbon dioxide pockets that have been trapped in Antarctic ice, scientists
can assuredly confirm the correlation between recent warming

The Importance Of Weather Patterns And Extremes
Weather Patterns and Extremes
The Central Valley has many weather hazards that can be linked to cyclones and various frontal
formations, with the most common hazards being droughts and heat waves. Chang et al. (2015)
evaluated the change in precipitation due to extratropical cyclone activity and found that most of the
precipitation that the region receives during the winter is due to extratropical cyclones and their
fronts. When evaluating three consecutive winters, results showed that precipitation was below
average. This lack of precipitation, paired with higher than average temperatures, caused extreme
dryness, and as a result, much of California, including the Central Valley, experienced a drought
(Chang et al. 2015).
Severe droughts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The geography of the valley seems to play a large role in its climate type. El Bosque, Chile has
geography that is very similar to Sacramento, California. Just like Sacramento, El Bosque is a city
that is centrally located in a bowl–shaped valley and has mountain chains located to the east and
west of it. Additionally, both cities are separated from the Pacific Ocean by a western mountain
chain (The Geography of Chile). Also noteworthy is the fact that both cities are classified as hot
Mediterranean climates (Csa). El Bosque and Sacramento both receive moderate amounts of
precipitation in the winter and hot temperatures in the summer with dryness. This shows that
geographical features, specifically proximity to the ocean and mountain ranges, can greatly affect an
area's climate.
However, latitude also appears to play a role. Bakersfield and San Pedro de Atacama, in California
and Chile respectively, retain the same aforementioned geographical features, yet they have a
different climate type (BWh) than Sacramento and El Bosque do. This can be attributed to their
latitudes, as they lie closer to the equator than their counterparts.
Climate Change
The climate of the Central Valley has seen various ups and downs in its past, especially in regards to
temperature. Many of these changes can be seen by looking at sediment cores and fossilized
vegetation. About 150 million years ago, the Central Valley was an inland sea that slowly filled over
time

Cause And Effect On Climate Change
Climate change and the impact it will have on the Earth are a real and increasing cause of concern.
Rising sea levels and sea temperatures, increases in the frequency of extreme weather events and
increased acidity in the ocean are some of the things that will have a devastating impact on human
agriculture. Unless something is done to change these things, lesser developed countries; many and
most of which are majority Islamic, will face food shortages, disease and famine, resulting in people
displacement, mass refugees and death. Islam is practised worldwide, majority of those countries
where the Islamic faith is practised, are poorly developed countries.
On top of this the world's population already having over 6 billion people, with 2 billion estimated
to be living without basic life needs, is growing at around 75 million annually. Agriculture must be
top priority with the growing risks of climate change and the growing population. Agriculture is
currently already under immense pressure to deliver higher yields with population growth and
higher demands for consumers. The future of population growth and climate change will see the
need for even more supply from agricultural products to deliver for people worldwide. Climate
change will make this a far more difficult task to accomplish. The demand for agricultural products
is expected to increase by around 50% by 2030. Climate change may potentially slow down or
reverse the progress toward a world without hunger.
Climate

Climate Changes And Climate Change
When you hear the words "climate change" what comes to mind? Probably weather and the
changes. Many of us watch the news or use an app on our cellphones/electronic devices to keep an
eye on the weather for the day, week, or even the month. But, there is actually a difference between
weather and climate. Weather is actually "the changes we see and feel outside from day to day. It
might rain one day and be sunny the next. Weather also changes from place to place" (Dunbar,
2014). Whereas "climate is the usual weather of a place. Climate can be different for different
seasons. Different places can have different climates" (Dunbar, 2014). This paper will focus on the
ins and outs of climate change, specifically focusing on what climate change ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
But many climate scientists will tell you that this change in climate is due to humans and their
activities. It is said that humans release greenhouse gases and "if emissions continue unchecked,
they say the global warming could ultimately exceed 8 degrees Fahrenheit, which would transform
the planet and undermine its capacity to support a large human population" (Gillis, 2015). To make
it easier to understand, as sunlight reaches the Earth's surface there are two things that can be done,
one; it can either be reflected back into space or two, it can be absorbed by the Earth. Once the Earth
absorbs the sunlight, it then releases some energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation,
also known as heat. Then these greenhouse gases tend to act like a "blanket," therefore making the
Earth warmer than it would be otherwise. This process is what we call the "greenhouse effect." The
reason scientists say that climate change is caused by humans is that it's simple, humans drive, cook
food, and even heat or cool their homes, which release gases such as, carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4 ), and water vapor (H2O).
According to a study in October 2015, "Earth had warmed by about 1.7 degrees Fahrenheit since
1880 when records begin at a global scale. Which includes the surface of the ocean. The warming is
greater over land and greater still in the Arctic and parts of Antarctica" (Gillis, 2015). Although an
increase of warmth of 1.7 degrees doesn't seem like it's a big deal,

Analysis Of The Article ' Adaptation ' How Can Cities Be...
An analysis of Eric Klinenberg article "Adaptation: How can cities be climate–proofed" Global
warming and climate change exist and the two have called for a world attention to reduce their
impacts. The Great 8 nations, including U.S., have convened various global summits where heads of
states come to debate how to counter the increased climate change. Various recommendations have
been proposed to counter the effects of climate change and device ways in which the change can be
accommodated. This paper will discuss the rhetorical questions asked by the author in the journal
article. In addition, the paper will attempt to answer some of the questions posed by Eric
Klinenberg, the author of Adaption. The journal article is titled Adaptation: How can cities be
"climate proofed". The author poses a rhetoric question to his audience which entails the American
population as well as the global population. The title puts to task the reader's mind on what to expect
in the article. He takes us back to July 1995 when the effects of climate change was felt in an
American state of Chicago. The state was hit by a scorching heat wave which resulted in the death
of seven hundred and thirty nine people. The residents who were affected comprised mostly the
African–American population. The African–American community were the highest occupiers of
Englewood and Auburn Gresham areas on the South of Chicago. This community was highly
characterized by high poverty levels and high crime rates due to

Example Of Persuasive Speech Essay
SPEECH ADDRESS : OUR ECONOMY WILL COLLAPSE IF OUR ECOSYSTEM CRUMBLES
(serious tone) First of all, I would like to acknowledge that we are meeting here on the land of the
Ngunnawal people. I would like to pay my respects to the traditional elders of this land past and
present.
(brighter tone – louder to get people's attention) Good morning ladies and gentleman. Good morning
reporters, journalists, politicians and most importantly (pause, then slow down pace) all of you who
here who are also mothers and fathers.
(still slow pace) Today, I speak not just as an (en–vi–ro–men–tal–ist) environmentalist but as a
desperate mother who wants the best for my child's future. It is said that the future lies in the
children of today – our children – ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(confidently) Well, the first thing we to do is this. Australians need to be beyond the two–party
dominated political system and instead, consider smaller parties such as The Greens, who have a
genuine interest in doing what we want in a "grassroots democracy" system. The political system
right now is a constant battle between the Labor and the Liberals, fighting out to see who can reveal
more flaws within each other instead of focusing on the real issues. A recent example is the $60,000
spent by the Labor party on an "election image makeover" for Bill Shorten and his wife for last
years election campaign. Their defence? Their glossy advertisements turned out "a hundred times"
better than the Liberal party's and mirrored their "high–quality campaign". We're in a $500 billion
dollar debt dump, increasing at a rate of over $500 dollars per second, and they go and spend $60,00
on advertising themselves...

The Humanoid Effect
Over the last century, predominantly in the last twenty years, the earth has endured unparalleled
heating. A person's first response might be why? Hasn't global warming always existed? Yes. It has
always been a menacing epidemic but there have been obvious changes to the environment. With
the drastic weather changes, it is suspected that all of the polar ice sheets should be melted by 2100.
Many scientists have studied what could be the cause of this epidemic. The fact of the matter is that
the scientists have established what exactly is causing it, which are high levels of carbon dioxide.
Global warming is life threatening and for the majority, caused by the human race and our
technological advances.
A collection of scientific evidence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another example is coral reefs, which are highly sensitive to small changes in water temperature,
suffered the worst bleaching–or die–off in response to stress–ever recorded in 1998, with some areas
seeing bleach rates of 70 percent. Experts expect these sorts of events to increase in frequency and
intensity in the next 50 years as sea temperatures rise (News).
The public has begun to believe that global warming, if it exists at all, is natural. The news, radio
and magazines portray global warming as something you should not be afraid of. Why, you may ask
is because there have been scares in the past that have resulted to extreme caution, death and
catastrophe. So the media covers up the truth due to how they think the general public will respond.
Since our country is one of the most censored societies out there it is easy to keep the public
unaware of what may happen. Scientists on the other hand believe that global warming is a debacle
that needs to be handled immediately. Though the long–lasting feud of global warming is caused by
man versus global warming is natural many scientist have come to a conclusion that high CO2
levels and cutting of forestry are not the only reasons why. For example, in the past many areas have
had dramatic changes of temperature that have created insufficient crops and finally leading to
famine. There are also many

Climate Change In Mississauga, Canada
Climate change is a real issue that is currently impacting every single region of the world. The
world is a very large place with many different regions. Every region in the world is experiencing
unique effects of climate change but we are all experiencing some form of it, nonetheless. The
global average temperature has risen 0.74 degrees celius over the past 100 years (Climate). We all
contribute to the effects of climate change and we are all responsible for helping reverse it. I live in
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Mississauga is Ontario's third largest city and Canada's sixth largest
city, which is unique for a suburban residential area. With a population over 700,000 (and growing),
Mississauga is a chief contributer to the climate change ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Missisauga and the Greater Toronto Area is littered with pollution, has poor air quality, is over–
populated and contributes negatively to climate change more than any other region in Canada.
While there are many factors that add to a regions contribution to climate change, I firmly believe
that over–population is the root of factors. Over–population and the urbanization of smaller regions
will produce double the greenhouse gases, pollution and contaminants of any other regions. While
the GTA and Ontario is doing what it can to provide incentives for residents and help reverse the
effects of climate change through mandated proposals, anything that is done will only slow the
effects, never will they reverse or stop what is to come. Focus on ways to spread out the populations
and conseve non–renewable resources is the only way to begin preventing further destruction to the

Persuasive Essay On Climate Change
Climate change is a huge problem in this world today. The effects it has on the environment are
long–lasting, widespread, and detrimental to the planet's health. It affects various life forms all over
the planet, and the effects are starting to show today. However, efforts to stop or control climate
change's effects have been expensive, making efforts to solve the problems associated with climate
change hard to justify. The debate over whether or not the protection of the environment is worth the
potential destruction of developed economies still continues on to this day. One of the biggest
effects that climate change has created are the effects that it has had on the environment. Some of
the signs that climate change is happening include ocean acidification, glacier melts, sea level rise,
and altered animal populations. Another effect that is already taking place are occurrences of
extreme weather. According to National Geographic's article Climate Change, extreme weather is
starting to become more common: "The extraordinary heat wave that killed some 70,000 people in
Europe in 2003 should have been a once–in–500–years event; at the current level of global
warming, it has become a once–in–40–years event, according to a study published last year." The
increase of extreme weather patterns can affect ecosystems and damage infrastructure, which has a
tremendous negative impact on all of the people and wildlife that have to deal with extreme weather
events. Climate Change also explains the potential effects of climate change on wildlife in various
climate areas: "47% of 976 species in a 2016 survey had vanished from areas they'd previously
occupied on the warm edge of their range....1 in 6 species risks global extinction if the climate
warms by nearly 8° F. That could happen by 2100 if we don't cut emissions, according to a 2015
study." (National Geographic 3). This shows that climate change can be a moral issue by saying that
a noticeable percentage of all life on Earth faces extinction if humanity does nothing is done to stop
the effects from happening. The changes in the environment are one of the biggest signs that climate
change is taking place.
These effects can have a huge and often complicated impact on

Summary Of Storm Warnings By Adrienne Rich
In Adrienne Rich's poem, "Storm Warnings", a storm is not just a natural disaster that takes control
of a city, but an internal storm someone can have within them. In the poem, the speaker seems to be
seeking shelter from an upcoming storm by closing the shutters, however, metaphorically, the storm
represents the problems that people face in which they want to hide from. In order for this message
to be conveyed, Rich uses imagery, an isolated tone, and metaphors to make a storm seem more of
an internal conflict. Literally, the poem is talking about an upcoming storm and how the speaker is
preparing for it. Rich uses imagery about the storm to make it seem like the speaker wants to protect
themselves. For example, "I leave the book on a pillowed chair,/ And walk from window to closed
window, watching". Someone can infer that the speaker was disturbed by the storm and wanted to
simply go and look at what was happening through the windows. However, that is not what the
speaker is really doing. In this case, the storm is representing how problems in people's lives disturb
them temporarily. The speaker having to leave the book on a pillowed chair means that they will go
back to it eventually which is the same when it comes to problems. Problems are a dent in
someone's life, but they can't keep piercing through. The speaker is not going from one closed to
another to watch the storm but to show that people avoid a problem by looking at it with a shut eye.
They are not opening their eyes or the shutters to face the problem. The speaker also says, "I draw
the curtains as the sky goes black". This makes the reader infer that the speaker is literally closing
the shutters so they do not see the storm. However, metaphorically, this shows how people act when
they face problems. When things take a wrong turn like the storm going dark, people tend to shut
down and not face it. When something starts to get serious people become nervous about what will
happen. Another piece of imagery is, "And set a match to candles sheathed in glass,/ Against the
keyhole draught". The speaker seems to be warming up or maybe the storm affected the electricity
so they have to use candles. However, the candles represent the light of hope the

Disasters Caused By Extreme Weather
In 21st century, more frequently crisis caused by extreme weather let us realized our inability. We
can not only deal with the terrible consequences caused by disaster, we need to find a method to
reduce the damage of disaster. "Resilience" is put forward to deal with the natural disaster.
As the greenhouse effect aggravates, frozen earth begins to melt, sea level starts to rise and
precipitation patterns are changing. Followed by extreme weather, such as hurricane, tsunami, flood,
extreme heat, drought, and tornado, becomes more frequent and more intense, additionally more
difficult to be predicted. Due to this, in past ten years, natural disaster affects over 220 million
people, and over 100 million US dollars are damaged per year; only in 2011, economic damage
caused by urban disaster at over 380 billion US dollars. However, the largest damage is not the
direct economic losses, but the cost of post–disaster reconstruction. The worst thing is, for some
place which has chronic or frequent crises, for instance the drought in Horn of Africa, tsunami in
Hawaiian Islands, hurricane in Louisiana and Florida, require deal with the threats frequently, rather
than only deal with the consequences.
"Is one that has developed capacities to help absorb future shocks and stresses to its social,
economic, and technical systems and infrastructures so as to still be able to maintain essentially the
same functions, structures, systems, and identity." It is a kind of ability of city to

Climate Changes And Climate Change
From the observations presented in the paper it is clear that there is direct/indirect link between
extreme events and climate change and the similar observation was found by Seneviratne et al.,
2012) supporting that Climate change has resulted in changes in the occurrence of extreme events.
Moreover, Out of 24 extreme events analyzed in this paper, 12 showed direct or indirect links to
anthropogenic climate change and some could not be explained. Once a change has been detected it
is important to attribute that change to some cause. Attribution, especially to human greenhouse gas
emissions, gives confidence to model projections of the future driven by anthropogenic forcing as
well as predictions of extremes at shorter time scales (Seneviratne and Zwiers, 2015). When an
extreme event occurs, the question of attribution of these events to human–induced climate change
is of particular interest. Two schools of thought have emerged in this rapidly developing field.
"Oxford" quantifies the change in probability of an extreme event of a particular observed
magnitude caused by the human alteration of the climate system whereas "Boulder" (NOAA 's Earth
System Research Laboratory) examines the human induced change in magnitude of an extreme
event. While providing different types of information to stakeholders, both these probabilistic and
mechanistic schools of thought have been shown to be equivalent (Easterling et al 2016). But in
some cases, some scientists have concluded that a

Climate Change
Climate change: Climate change is one of a larger set of large–scale environmental changes
occurring in today's world. Climate change affects the social and environmental determinants of
health clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food and secure shelter.
Over the last 50 years, Human activities –particularly the burning fossil fuels have released
sufficient quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to trap additional heat in the
lower atmosphere and affect the global climate.
Sea levels are rising, glaciers are melting and precipitation patterns are changing Extreme weather
events are becoming more intense and frequent.
climate change, together with other characteristic and human–made health stressors, impacts human
health and sickness from various perspectives. Some current health dangers will strengthen and new
health dangers will develop. Not every person is similarly in danger. Vital consideration incorporate
age, monetary assets, and area.
In the U.S., general health can be influenced by interruptions of physical, natural, and biological
frameworks, including unsettling influences beginning here and somewhere else. The health impacts
of these interruptions incorporate expanded respiratory and cardiovascular ailment, wounds and
unexpected losses identified with outrageous climate occasions, changes in the commonness and
topographical conveyance of nourishment and water–borne ailments and different irresistible
maladies, and dangers to emotional

Literary Analysis Of The Storm
Kate Chopin implies in the selection, "The Storm" that the setting and the plot reinforces each
character's action, but only two characters exemplify the title itself, Calixta and Alcee. The storm
becomes the central element of Alcee's unrequited love for Calixta and ultimately the instrument of
their forbidden love to each other. Hurston concurs in the "The Storm" that a forbidden relationship
can become a cancerous love and silent death sentence. "The Storm's" theme was based on Love,
Immoral affair, and Freedom. Chopin's technique of foreshadowing, symbolism, irony, tone, and
imagery set the plot for Alcee, Calixta, Bobinot, and Clarisse in this short story. "A bolt struck a tall
chinaberry tree at the edge of the field. It filled all visible space with a blinding glare and crash
seemed to invade the very boards they stood upon" (425). The writer used Imagery to depict how
nature shook the foundation of their respective marriages. The significance of the tall chinaberry
tree that crashed the boards was that it made Bobinot and Clarisse almost irrelevant in the story. The
author used the metaphorical expression to indicate how the storm schemed Bobinot and Clarisse
out of the reckoning. The author employed the use of symbolism in the description of the storm.
Storm, a natural phenomenon that brings about extreme weather condition that might lead to an
undesirable outcome. "The Storm" in the context of the selection brought about a positive outcome.
"The storm" in the story is not the physical storm that occurred outside with heavy downpour, but
the coming together of Alcee and Bobinot. A physical storm forms when the atmosphere is saturated
with water and droplets of water pour out from the sky. The symbolic importance of the storm
represents the liberation of Alcee and Calixta, from the shackles of societal or moral expectation.
"He pushed her hair back from her face that was warm and streaming her" (425). Although Alcee
pushed Calixta's hair back to see her face, the author's interpretation was not physical. Chopin meant
that Alcee was able to set Calixta free from the bondage of marriage temporarily. Bobinot played a
major role in the plot that led to infidelity between Calixta and Alcee.

Extreme Weather And Climate Change
Extreme Weather and it's Effect on Climate Change
"Natural disasters have killed more than 600,000 people and left behind trillions of dollars in
damages in the last two decades, the United Nations said Monday." (Chan) Extreme weather has
caused millions of casualties and extreme damages over the years, but lately there has been an
increase in severe weather events. This is causing problems in the US, with the amount of tornadoes
rising in tornado alley "Tennessee experienced a 67 percent increase in tornado activity in 1983–
2013 compared to the 1954–1983 time period. Oklahoma experienced a nearly 35 percent decrease
in tornadoes in 1983–2013 compared to 1954–1983."
Climate change is defined as "a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change
apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of
atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels." Climate change has happened as a
cycle throughout history, with ice ages occurring, and then warming. The earth naturally warms and
cools, but due to the burning of fossil fuels the rate is growing exponentially.
The climate changing was first suspected in the 19th century when scientists in britain debated
whether Europe was covered by ice in the past. "Guy S Callender suggested that the warming trend
revealed in the 19th century had been caused by a 10% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from
the burning of fossil fuels." (Harding) The debate intensified by 2005 when a study was published
stating that a large scale disruption could occur by 2050 if we do not slow the process of climate
change. The debate has now spiraled back to whether climate change is occurring or not. However
the climate warming pattern has been increasing exponentially since the 1950's.
Climate change has been linked to increased extreme weather events such as; Hurricanes, tornadoes,
torrential rains, flooding, and drought. These are all very debilitating to the communities they ravage
through. The impact of California's drought on the economy has cost the state about 603 million,
with 4,700 job losses and a 550 million bill directly dealing with drought related cost. Tornadoes
and severe thunderstorms

American Airlines Flight 1572 Crash Analysis
The Accident
On November 12, 1995, an American Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD–83 type passenger aircraft,
which was operating as Flight 1572, departed from Chicago O'Hare International (ORD); however,
the aircraft got substantially damaged due to impact to the top of oak trees on Peak Mountain Ridge
in East Granby, Connecticut. The aircraft also hit the Instrument Landing System (ILS) localizer
antenna, which was on its way to Runway 15 of Bradley International Airport (BDL). The aircraft,
lastly, crashed while on approach to Runway 15 of BDL at 00:55 Eastern Time. Fortunately, there
were no fatalities and all 73 passengers and crew of 5 survived the impact.
Accident Factors
Among many contributing factors to the crash of Flight ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, a VDP keeps the aircraft at an altitude that will not descend lower than the MDA. The
VDP is useful for and frequently utilized during approaching to an unintended runway, such as the
one at BDL, the VOR Runway 15. However, airmen of the flight 1572 were not utilizing any VDPs
during the flight, did not calculate one either.
Furthermore, the tower issues at the BDL airport might have contributed to the crash too. The last
ATIS report the crew received was at 10:51 PM, which was almost two hours before the accident
occurred. That last ATIS record became obsolete in short notice due to rapidly changing weather
conditions at BDL. Even though extreme conditions were in effect at BDL, the aircrew was not
informed with recent information. Therefore, even though the last ATIS record that was sent to
pilots informed them about extreme weather conditions at BDL, additional ATIS records should
have been released. The reason behind not emitting new ATIS records after the one sent at 10:51 PM
was the timing and personnel congestion issues at the BDL tower. According to the controller that
sent the last ATIS report to the crew, he was waiting for additional recent weather information to
appear on the Systems Atlanta Information Display System (SAIDS); however, until the time he left
the tower, which was around midnight, SAIDS did not show any new weather

Challenges Faced By The Australian Government And Designers
Australia, like many other countries across the globe, faces challenges presented by existing climate
conditions and the future rates of change. Today's decisions, policies, and developing technologies
may alter the ways that climate change will impact the country. As a whole, the Australian
government and designers are already beginning to address these issues through the implementation
of sustainable building codes and the use of climate responsive design and materials that will adjust
as the climate does.
While the "smallest of the world's continents," Australia is a vast country, the sixth largest in the
world, covering over 7.5 million square kilometers. While generally one of the flattest and driest
regions, despite being surrounded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The number of extreme fire risk days has grown over the past four decades" as well, more than
doubled in some places. Fragile ecosystem conditions are being placed until increased stress with
rising temperatures and increased in CO2 levels, most noticeable in the rapid "deterioration" of coral
reefs. Additionally, heatwaves are "among the highest–impact climate events in terms of human
health," resulting is as many as "374 more deaths than average" in Victoria "during the heatwave of
early 2009" alone (Australian Academy of Science). As such, these changes are becoming an issue
that Australia is not simply able to ignore. With these problems only continuing to get worse, the
nation is being forced to look at means of further adaptation, and sustainability issues are being
considered for stricter regulation, or else it will see potentially disastrous decline of its economy,
infrastructure, environment, and overall livability.
On a more general level, certain building codes and standards must undergo changes and be able to
adapt "in anticipation of changes to weather patterns wrought by global warming." However, certain
building standards seem to be slow to change, with the National Construction Code, or NCC,
"loosening... requirements with respect to energy performance" and "not yet [containing

Critical Analysis Of To Build A Fire By Jack London
Critical Analysis of To Build a Fire by Jack London
The short story of "To Build a Fire" by Jack London provides the reader a very descriptive tale of a
man's journey through Yukon in the dead of the winter. The protagonist faced many challenges that
started from the beginning of his journey, from the lack of sunlight during Alaska's winter months to
fending off the extreme weather conditions. To the reader, it seems that the man was not intelligent
enough or had the proper instincts to make the journey during these harsh conditions, unlike the dog
that followed him With the on start of London's story, he describes the well–known winter season of
the Yukon by indicating the lack of sunlight during the day (London 5). However, the protagonist
was not concern about the lack of sunlight and even knew that even in the near future; the sun
would only be displayed for a few moments during the day (London 7, 8, 9). Any intelligent person
understands that the sun provides the Earth with heat and is required for human life. The protagonist
also doesn't seem to have the mindset of thinking before doing or understanding the results of
actions. He understood that the literal content that there was no sun and the weather was very cold,
but did not comprehend that the combination of these two missing elements would cause danger in
his journey. In fact, these two missing element s was not even on his thoughts as he just knew he
was not comfortable (London 25). To the reader, it

Organisms Response to the Increases in Extreme Weather Events
AN ORGANISMS RESPONSE TO THE INCREASES IN EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
The global climate has increased by approximately 0.6°C over the last 100 years (Walther et al.
2002). This increased rate of changes is largely due to humans: the industrial revolution, the
advancement of technology and burning of fossil fuels (Timmermann et al. 1999). This human
involvement has gradually changed the natural order of the environment and many of its processes.
Some of these environmental conditions are not easily predictable, as these climatic changes are
also increasing more extreme weather events such as: droughts in the savannah country, floods in
low lying areas and an increase in intensity of cyclonic events (Knutson et al. 2010).
Human interactions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, older bacteria lineages indicate slower rates of change and a few genes were seen to be
niche specific (Hao and Golding 2006). Similarly various insect groups have many generations over
a short period of time and demonstrate high fecundity rates. The overall influence of the changing
climate could cause swifter speciation or variation in species richness or a change in the order of
trophic levels (Nicolakakis et al. 2003, Petchey et al. 1999).
Organisms do not spontaneously evolve to these globally predicted changes rather they respond to
their regional or local environment (Hoffman and Sgró 2011). The idea of behavioural plasticity,
which is the evolutionary way to respond to change through behaviours, is the approach organisms
use to adapt rapidly to change. A component of this behavioural plasticity is behavioural flexibility,
which is the ability of phenotypes to show reversible switching. In this review I will first discuss
unpredictability of climates and climatic events in the tropics. I will then explore how behavioural
plasticity plays a major role in organisms coping with weather extremes. I will further demonstrate
how climate change could alter the way we perceive the once stable tropics, with regards to human
involvement in the changing landscape of the tropics. I suggest that behavioural plasticity

Unit 8 Roofing P1
Welcome to #1 Roofing in Birmingham, AL where customers can be certain that their roofs will be
in the best shape. As a leading roofing company, #1 Roofing is comprised of a team of qualified
contractors that have the knowledge and expertise to complete any type of project. We are an
accredited company with experience and the right innovative equipment that is needed to perform
the roofing projects that you need done. With our certified contractors, you are able to get the most
out of your investment whenever you use our reputable services.
The structure of a roof plays an important role because it serves as a safety cover that keeps the
home safe during harsh weather conditions. However, a roof will eventually need to be repaired at
some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regardless if you have shingles or a flat roof, you can be assured of getting the appropriate roof
restoration that you need. #1 Roofing specializes in residential and commercial roof repairs that are
performed in a timely manner. If you are looking for a company that will not let you down, you can
rely on #1 Roofing. In addition to having a team of licensed and insured contractors, we always use
the best quality materials that will give satisfactory roof restoration results.
During extreme weather conditions, everyone needs a reliable roof that will keep their homes safe.
For affordable roof repairs and installations, do not hesitate to contact #1 Roofing in Alabaster, AL.
Our expert roofing restoration contractors will provide you with 100% satisfaction

Narrative Essay On Being A Daredevil
I was a very mischievous person and I liked to take stupid risks that didn't make sense to anybody
else. People gave me extreme dares just to see if I would be able to complete them. I always proved
myself as the daredevil of the group. I used to take pride in the fact that I can do extreme things
without feeling slightest kind of fear. This nature of being a daredevil got the best of me when I was
given the task where I got into a horrible situation. I was bitten by a wild dog on my ankle. It was
extremely painful and devastating. I wasn't able to walk for over a month. This incident had an
impact on my mind for a long time. I had scary dreams where I was chased by that wild dog. After
this, I became terrified of any kind of wild animal. Even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The freezing weather was enough to turn one into an ice sculpture. My room was warm and cozy
contrasting to the extreme weather outside. I was wide wake completing my project when I heard a
faint cry in the distance. I didn't take much notice. I thought it is all in my head and that my mind is
playing tricks on me again. I ignored it and kept on working but no matter how hard I tried, those
voices didn't go away. Turning up the music volume seemed to work on blocking out the noises. I
finished my work and went to the kitchen to grab some water when I heard that cry again, this time
it was louder and more painful. Instead of looking for what it was and where it was coming from my
fears overpowered me and I went back to my room. I got in my bed and tried to block the sounds by
covering my head with a blanket. My conscious was not letting me sleep, I kept thinking about what
kind of animal it was and what kind of animal can make such a painful sound. I couldn't help but
imagine the pain it must be in. the more I thought about it, I wanted to help it. I was in a constant
fight with my fears, but I thought that I wouldn't be able to sleep knowing some living creature
might be in pain. I gathered the courage and walked back to the kitchen to find the source of the
animal voices. I assumed that it would be coming from one of the cabinets but when I looked
outside the window I could see a cat stuck in the concrete screen wall that separated the laundry

Global Warming : A Climate Change
Global warming is what happens when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth out towards
space. Carbon dioxide, methane, and greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere keep heat from
escaping. As a result of global warming, the Earth endures extreme weather events, a hazardous rise
in sea levels, and life–threatening shifts in the world 's ecosystem.
One result of global warming is that the earth undergoes extreme weather events. By definition,
climate is the long–term average of weather over many years. When weather conditions become
reoccurring, it would be considered as a climate change (Bradford). As climate changes,
temperatures fluctuate around the world, spawning hotter summers and colder than normal winters,
therefore, causing extreme events in the weather. The Winter Storm Juno that reached the eastern
seaboard in January of 2015 would show one example of an extreme weather event. With huge
hurricane force winds, Juno violently altered shorelines from New Haven, Connecticut, to Portland,
Maine, leaving Boston buried in snow. Winter is a natural occurrence, but due to global warming,
the oceans are warmer and the air above them is moister creating more snow. Oceans act as
batteries, charging up with extra warmth as carbons in the atmosphere continues to warm the planet.
As energy generates it expels itself feeding bigger and more dangerous storms, and right now, over
ninety percent the energy in the ocean is from climate change (Stockton). Therefore, as the

A Major Threat Of An Economy Comes From Climate Change
A major threat in an economy comes from climate change. Excessive rain or warmer than expected
winters, increase the risk for a lot of companies, mainly in the solar and energy sector, and
ultimately affects their revenues. As the wind and solar industry continues to grow, investors are
injecting more capital in order to organize this industry by way of decreasing the risks inherent to it.
Accordingly, and as more money is invested in these markets, more investors and stakeholders are
looking for better risk management techniques that could protect their assets and ensure a steady
flow in revenue.
Derivatives are financial instruments used to transfer the risk associated with the variation in the
underlying asset to a third party inclined at accepting that risk, but in exchange for a premium ; thus,
the payoff from derivatives depends on the value of this underlying asset. Consequently, the
protection or insurance paid from a certain derivative depends on the level of an index, as opposed
to traditional insurance that depends on real losses.
A unique type of derivatives is "Weather Derivatives" that identify their payouts based on certain
weather conditions that unfavorably affect the revenues of a business. Weather derivatives, unlike
conventional derivatives that are based on tradable assets such as stocks, bonds, currencies, etc.,
have "weather" as the underlying variable that is considered as non–negotiable; implying that the
aim of weather derivatives is to manage

Penguins Research Paper
Not many people wonder why penguins cannot fly, but they once did. It all started many years ago
when Zeus ruled the Earth. One day, all the greek gods and goddesses were sitting on Mount
Olympus eating their grapes. It was a hot sunny day and all the birds were chirping songs for the
gods. When all of a sudden all the penguins that existed penguins attacked the gods and stole all of
their grapes. Zeus and the other gods were furious. Zeus tried striking lighting bolts at the penguins,
but they all flew away too quickly. Zeus was determined to find these penguins and punish them.
Days passed and Zeus still could not find the penguins anywhere. Zeus was sitting in his favorite
chair eating grapes when we heard the penguins flying up behind him. The penguins landing in front
of him all lined up with the prime penguin standing in the front. The prime penguin tried to work
out a deal with the Great Zeus. The prime penguin said that they will leave him alone if Zeus and
the gods give all the grapes on Earth to the penguins. Zeus instantly said no with a lot of rage
because he had a serious obsession with grapes. There was no way Zeus was ever ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Zeus was dressed in heavy armour with his lightning bolt in hand. The penguins were covered in
tree bark for protection. The penguins were not aware of Zeus' power and thought they could easily
beat him, but they were wrong. When the trumpets went off, the penguins attempted to surround
Zeus but he used his bolt as a barrier. The penguins tried pushing through the barrier but they were
getting electrocuted. Zeus was losing his strength so he blew as hard as he could at the penguins. A
few a time, penguins were falling off Mount Olympus. It was raining penguins. As they were falling
all the mountain, the other greek gods and goddesses laughed at them. Zeus stood victorious at the
top of Mount of Olympus with all the grapes we could ever

Linkage Between Weather Extremes And Climate Change
Linkage between Weather extremes and Climate change
Britain experienced extensive flooding in autumn 2000. Various scientific and technical reports
(e.g., Hulme and Jenkins, 1998; McKenzie et al., 2000) of high public profile had predicted
increased flooding for the U.K. as a result of climate change. When that event occurred, various
influential individuals and institutions linked the floods with climate change, even though such
heavy precipitation could simply be due to natural climate variability (Desai et al. 2004). Due to
recent analytical advancements, climate scientists are now able to more accurately determine how
climate change impacts the odds of an individual extreme event occurring, like the 98 inches of
snow that has fallen in Boston this season. So what is going on with this extreme weather, and what
does it have to do with global climate change? This paper will try to provide an overview of current
knowledge of climate change and its effects on extreme weather with a keen focus on attribution to
climate change study.
As the climate has warmed, some types of extreme weather have become more frequent and severe
in recent decades, with increases in extreme heat, intense precipitation, and drought. Heat waves are
longer and hotter. Heavy rains and flooding are more frequent. In a wide swing between extremes,
drought, too, is more intense and more widespread. All weather events are now influenced by
climate change because all weather now develops in a different

Margaret Atwood Sparknotes
The first way that Atwood attempts to incorporate problems that humanity is facing in the futuristic
setting of the book is by displaying the effects of global warming as researched, predicted and
imagined. Atwood tries to show what happened to the spaces of the world that we are familiar with
"It was like going to Harvard had been, before it got drowned" (173), in this small sentence Atwood
speaks volumes on the effects of global warming that will be discussed further in detail in the next
paragraph. Another example of this can be seen here: "A mile or two to the south, a salt marsh is
forming on a one–time landfill dotted with semi–flooded townhouses" (148). Another part of the
global warming phenomenon is the rising temperatures on the planet ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally the rising sea levels would also be a contribution to the overpopulation of the planet to
the point to where the governments could not keep people in check leading to the creation of the
earlier discussed compounds and the dangerous outside world described in the book as "Despite the
fingerprint identity cards now carried by everyone, public security in the pleeblands was leaky;
there were people cruising around in those places who could forge anything and who might be
anybody, not to mention the loose change– the addicts, the muggers, the paupers, the crazies"
(Atwood 27). As described here the "pleeblands" is a way to keep the majority of the population
separate from the elite. The "pleeblands" could at the same time be a metaphor for the poorer people
and countries in real life that would be affected the most by global warming "The world's poorest
nations are the most vulnerable, facing increased risk of drought, water shortages, crop failure,
poverty and disease" (Greenpeace International 23). This is also a dialogue on how the rich treat the
poor not realizing that we are all in this together, and this is further crystallized by the forthcoming
of the apocalypse in the

Danaus Plexipus
The Decline of Danaus Plexippus The Danaus plexxippus, also known as the Monarch butterfly, is
spread all throughout North America during various parts of the year. In the summer they can
migrate as far north as Canada, and during the winter months they can migrate as far south as
Mexico. Because Monarchs cannot withstand low temperatures, they make use of different habitats
during summer and cold months. They spend the spring, summer and fall months in various places
throughout the United States and Canada, and they overwinter in central Mexico. Monarchs lay their
eggs on a species of plant known as a "milkweed." Because of this, Monarchs can be found
wherever there is an abundance of milkweeds. Monarchs are very ecologically important because
they provide the service of pollination to many flowers and plants. While it is true the bees are the
more prolific pollinators, Monarch butterflies are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in 2009 during the dry season of their overwintering grounds, the Monarchs were hit
with record–breaking levels of precipitation. From October through March, the overwintering
ground of Sierra Chincua was hit with 577 mm of precipitation. This was a huge increase in the
precipitation level, as the previous two seasons had only produced levels of 40 mm and 20 mm over
the same time span. With the rain, came heavy winds that blew down hundreds of oyamel firs in the
Reserve core zone and scattered the butterflies from their bough and trunk clusters. The storms also
brought major flooding, landslide and structural damage to the area. What ultimately led to the
demise of 5–10% of the wetted butterflies was the drop in temperature. Fortunately, the severe drop
to –6 degrees Celsius occurred the second morning after the storm, after the butterflies had dried. It
is estimated that 90% of the Monarchs could have died had the drop taken place while the Monarchs
were still

The Importance Of Extreme Weather In California
Extreme Weather It has been over 500 years since the state of California has been this dry.
California is in its fourth year of the severe drought with temperatures high and precipitation low.
Rain and snow evaporate almost as soon as they hit the ground. The extreme weather can be linked
to human caused climate change. Climate change can be blamed for between 8 – 27 percent of the
drought conditions between 2012 and 2014 and between 5 – 18 percent in 2014. Climate change has
contributed a pretty big amount to California's drought over the last three years. Over 99 percent of
the state of California is unusually dry. The drought has led to job losses in the agricultural industry.
California farms, which use up to 80 percent of the water used

Weather And Extreme Weather
UNIT SUMMARY
Since the time of their early existence, humans have migrated to regions of the Earth that offer
climates favorable to their survival and have planned to persevere extreme weather events. In this
unit, students will observe models and analyze data to learn how the interplay between atmospheric
variables such as temperature, air pressure, and moisture leads to the typical and sometimes extreme
weather events that humans' experience. Analyzing weather data to make predictions is a key part of
this unit and students' understanding of how weather patterns can help us predict future weather
events. This unit aims at explaining how Earth's tilt, along with its changing position around the Sun
causes variation in the amount of incoming solar radiation (insolation) that reaches the surface. This
unequal distribution of energy causes variations in seasons we experience on Earth. Students also
will learn that climate is influenced by latitude, proximity to large bodies of water, ocean currents,
among other factors.
Air Masses and Fronts Lesson Plan, Wednesday Novemeber, 2017
Context of course and unit
Unit essential questions Unit focus standard(s) DT Focus action (if applicable)
Rain yesterday, sunshine today and snow tomorrow –– what causes the weather we experience day–
to–day?
Atmospheric moisture, temperature and pressure distributions; jet streams, wind; air masses and
frontal boundaries; and the movement of cyclonic systems and associated tornadoes,

The Pros And Cons Of Operation Badr
If we divide operation Badr in two parts, first to reach the ridge line and peaks in Indian territory
without getting noticed by anyone and take a firm position. Second, to hold the position in any case
of assault and don't let Indian soldiers to come up and recapture the posts. Undoubtedly the first half
of operation Bdr by Pakistan was really an execution of top class warfare tactics but second half
proved as a biggest disaster for Pakistan, which it ever faced after 1971 Indo–Pak war.
The operation was so secretive, that had it been a success, it would have been regarded as great
clandestine military operations ever. The intruders, regular army of Pakistan were firmly holding our
peaks for a period of at least three months hiding themselves ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Winter Cut–Off Posts : Permanent posts within the various defended areas/locality which it is
operationally necessary to keep under occupation throughout the year, but whose routine
maintenance support is not possible during winter months due to snow conditions, are called "
Winter Cut–Off Posts". These posts are stocked up (Level of stocking maintained is for 210 days)
during the summer months so that they can sustain themselves without re–supply for the period of
they are cut–off.
C. Reduction In Manpower : Due to the reduced threat in winter, the reduction in the total number
of posts held and reduced patrolling activity, a larger number of personnel are sent on leave and for
courses. This reduces manpower availability during winter as well as the administrative load in
these high altitude areas.
During the winters, as soon as movement and patrolling became near impossible due to heavy snow
conditions, the additional battalions withdrew from the area. After their withdrawal, no patrolling
was carried out in the Mashkoh Valley and Batalik. The period during which patrolling was not
carried out in the winter of 1998–99 is as under.
Sector From To Gap Mashkoh January 10, 1999 March 30, 1999 80 Days
Yaldor February 1, 1999 April 5, 1999 64 Days
Kaksar March 3, 1999 April 11, 1999 38

Extreme Weather And Heat Waves
The first article or website that I explored was titled Extreme weather. It begins by stating that as the
world has warmed, it has triggered several other things in the earth's climate to be altered. It then
goes further into depth specifically naming the factors that have been changing due to the altering of
the climate. These factors include: heat waves, droughts, heavy downpours, floods, and lastly,
hurricanes (Extreme Weather, 2014).
Heat Waves In this section, a heat wave is referred to as "abnormally hot weather lasting days to
weeks". It further goes on to say that the recent number of heat waves have been steadily increasing
with numbers almost "triple the long–term average" (Extreme Weather, 2014). In this section it is
claimed that the droughts in Texas in the year 2011, and in the Midwest in the year of 2012, that
records were set for the highest monthly average temperatures to date (Extreme Weather, 2014).
A picture of a map is provided of the coast–to–coast 100 degree days in 2011, in conclusion, it is
observable that heat waves are on a steady increase.
Droughts A drought is described as an event that happens due to a rise in temperatures that leads to
an increased rate of evaporation, this even includes the loss of moisture through plant leaves
(Extreme Weather, 2014). This section on droughts states that as the soil dries out due to the
increase in heat, that it results in hotter soil and "adjacent air rather than evaporating its moisture"
and that this

How Does Climate Change Affect Public Health

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