Nearly 85 percent* of wildland fires in the United States are caused by humans. Human-caused fires result from campfires left unattended, the burning of debris, equipment use and malfunctions, negligently discarded cigarettes, and intentional acts of arson.

1. Credit Seminar – 1
on
“FOREST FIRE MANAGEMENT”
• College of Forestry, SHUATS
• Department of Silviculture &
Agroforestry
Advisor
Prof.(Dr.) Antony J. Raj
Dean, College of Forestry
Presented By
M. Sam Williams
21MSFSA025
Ph: 6301377823

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Causes of Forest Fire
• Types of Forest Fire
• How fire spreads.?
• Effects of Forest Fire
• Precautions
• How to prevent forest fires
• Why forests fire
• Fire prevention and control
• Forest fire prevention and management scheme
• Recent fires
• Forest fire reports in india
• Conclusion
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
• The most common hazard in forest is “FOREST FIRES”.
• They pose a threat not only to forest wealth but also to the entire region
to FAUNA and FLORA seriously disturbing the biodiversity
• During summer when there is no rain for months, the forests become
littered with dry leaves which could burst into flames ignited by the
sughtest spark
• Basically the forest fire causes imbalances in nature and endangers
biodiversity

4. Causes of Forest Fire
• Natural causes
• Man made causes

5. Types of Forest Fires
• Surface fires
• Underground fires
• Ground fires
• Crown fires

6. How fire spreads?
• Fire Triangle The fire triangle, or combustion
triangle, is the three components
needed to ignite and sustain a fire.
The three ingredients of a fire
triangle are; heat, fuel and oxygen.

7. Effect of Forest fire
• Loss of valuable timber
resources
• Loss of wildlife
• Loss of biodiversity
• Global warming

8. Precautions
• To keep the source of fire or source of ignition separated from
combustible and inflammable material.
• To keep the source of fire under watch and control.
• To adopt safe practices in areas near forests viz. factories, coalmines, oil
stores, chemical plants and even in household kitchens.
• To incorporate fire reducing and fire fighting techniques and equipments

9. How To Prevent Forest Fires
• Preventing Wildfires Due To
Agricultural Activities
• Don’t Leave Smoldering Campfires!
• Don’t Throw Away Lit Cigarettes!
• Follow Forest Fire Prevention Tactics
When Burning Rubbish!

10. Why forests fire?
• More than ninety five percent forest fires are caused either
by negligence or unknowingly by the human being. The rest
of the fires are caused by natural reasons i. e. lightning,
extreme rise in the temperature etc., which are very rare. In
general all over the world the main causes of forest fires are
anthropogenic

11. Fire prevention & control
• Preventing the occurrence of forest fires is perhaps the best way to
minimize or completely eliminate the damage caused by them. It is very
economical to prevent forest fires from breaking out than to control or
put them out once they have occurred.
 Fire Danger Rating
 Good Will of Local Communities
 Educating Local Communities
 Rewards, Awards & Punishments
 Signs and Notices

12. Forest Fire Prevention and Management Scheme
• The Forest Fire Prevention and Management Scheme (FPM) is the only centrally
funded program specifically dedicated to assist the states in dealing with forest
fires.
• The FPM replaced the Intensification of Forest Management Scheme
(IFMS) in 2017. By revamping the IFMS, the FPM has increased the amount
dedicated for forest fire work.
• It also provides the states to have the flexibility to direct a portion of the National
Afforestation Programme (NAP) and Mission for Green India (GIM) funding toward forest
fire work.

13. Recent Fires
• Australian Fires …
• The catastrophic wildfires that scorched eucalyptus forests in southern and
eastern Australia in the summer of 2019-2020 were unprecedented in their
scale and intensity. Started in October 2019 and burning through January
2020, they scorched millions of hectares and killed or displaced
an estimated 3 billion animals. The fires emitted vast amounts of carbon
dioxide and lofted smoke plumes to record heights.

14. Forest fire report in india
Map shows india’s fire
prone forest areas
Source : ISFR-2019

15. Conclusion
• Forestfires are powerful forces that can burn for as long as they have
fuel, oxygen and heat. The job of the firefighters is to eliminate one, if
not all three, sides of the fire triangle to prevent further damage.”
• The economic practices must be re-assessed to minimize the human
activities in forest reserves.
• The government from village to National level should dedicate more
resources for fire concern
• A National Campaign on fire management is Needed

16. References
• Principles and practices of Forest Fire Control – R.K. LUNA
• Forest Fires – S.S.NEGI
• https://www.ffm.vic.gov.au/
• https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_disastermgt_forest
fire.html
• https://eos.com/blog/wildfire-prevention/
• https://nidm.gov.in/pdf/pubs/forest%20fire.pdf
• https://www.britannica.com/science/forestry/Fire-prevention-and-control
• https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Forestry/Forest-Fire/Forest-Fire-Prevention-Tips

17. Only you can prevent
Forest Fires