Hill forests are ecologically more important and constitute more than half of forest of the country.

2. Presented by group ‘Shegun’
• Group members are
• Amena parvin ER-14004
• Jannatara Ferdush ER-14007
• Shahin Mia ER-14014
• Masuma ER-14020
• Sahariar Nafiz ER-14028
• Shatabdi Saha ER-14032
• Feroza Parvin ER-14042
• Rima Sarkar ER-14046
• Md. Mominul Haque ER-14057
• Purnopama karmakar ER- 13027
Presentation on Hilly forest of
Bangladesh

3. Presentation overview
Definition & types of forest
Hill forest of BD & covered area
Climatic condition of hilly forest
Floral & faunal composition, tribal community of
hilly forest
Non-timber forest products
Importance of hilly forest
 hilly forest degradation
Conservation of hilly forest
Management of hilly forest

4. The term forest is derived from the Latin word “Foris”
that means “out of the door”.
A forest is a large area dominated by trees.
A forest is a living community of tress and associated
plants and animals.
Bangladesh accounts for 2.23 million hectors of legally
declared forest lands.

5. The forest of Bangladesh are broadly classified
into three categories based on the topographic
condition:
1.Hilly forest
2.Plain Sal forest
3.Mangrove forest

7. Hill forests are ecologically more important and
constitute more than half of forests of the
country
Location:
The hill forest of Bangladesh are located in the
mountainous tracts of the greater Chittagong,
Khagrachari, Banderban, Rangamati, Sylhet and
Mymensingh.

9. The total area of hill forest is 0.67 million
hector, which is 4.65% of country’s area and
44% of total forest land managed by forest
department.

10.  Average
temperature is 18.4
degree Celsius
 Highest temperature
in July is 29.1 degree
celsius
 Lowest temperature
in January is 6.6
degree celsius
Temperature

11. Rainfall
• Average annual
rainfall is 857
mm
• Highest rainfall
in May is 122
mm
• Lowest rainfall
in January is 45
mm

12. Floral Species found in Hill Forest in Bangladesh
The most abundant but important floral species are as
follows:
Local Name Scientific Name
Garjan Dipterocarpus turbinatus
Teak Tectona grandis
Chapalish Artocarpus chama
Gamar Gmelina arborea
Telsur Hopea odorata
Jam Syzygium cumini
Jarul Lagerstroemia speciosa
Civit Swintonia floribunda
Tali Palaquium polyanthum
Koroi Albizia falcataria
Bamboo (Bash) Melocanna baccifera

13. Faunal Species found in Hill Forest in Bangladesh
(a) Mammals
English Name Local Name Status
Flying Fox Badur Not threatened
Common Tree Shrew Kath Birali Not threatened
Hoolock Hollook Critically endangered
Wild Boar Bannya Sukar Not threatened
Asiatic Elephant Hati Endangered
Barking Deer Maya Harin Endangered
Rhesus Macaque Banar Vulnerable
Langur Hanuman Not threatened
Caped Monkey Mukpra Banar Endangered
Sambar Harin Critically endangered

14. Faunal Species found in Hill Forest in Bangladesh
(b) Amphibians
English Name Local Name Status
Bull Frog Bang Not threatened
Skipper Frog Bang Not threatened
Taipeh Frog Bang Not threatened
Read Frog Bang Vulnerable
Toad Bang Vulnerable

15. Faunal Species found in Hill Forest in Bangladesh
(c) Reptiles
English Name Local Name Status
Common Garden Lizard Rakta Chusa Not threatened
Common Smooth Water
Snake
Pannya Shap Not threatened
Olive Keel Back Water
Snake
Shap Not threatened
Common Roofed
Tortoise
Kachchap Endangered
Medium Roofed
Tortoise
Kachchap Endangered
River Turtle Kasim Endangered
Burmese Tortoise Kachchap Vulnerable
Brown Tortoise Kachchap Not threatened
King Cobra Raj Gokhra Endangered

16. Some Important Mammals found in Hill Forest in
Bangladesh

17. Some Important Reptiles found in Hill Forest in

18. Faunal Species found in Hill Forest in Bangladesh
(d) Birds
Most birds in hill forests are either critically endangered
or in vulnerable situation. Some common and critically
endangered species are given below:
English Name Local Name Status
Common Hill Myna Moyna Not threatened
Rose-Ringed Parakeet Tiya Not threatened
Alexandrine Parakeet Tiya Critically endangered
Common Magpie
Robins
Doel Not threatened
Red Jungle Fowl Lal Bon Murgi Not threatened
White-Rumped Vulture Shakun Critically endangered
Red-Headed Vulture Raj Shakun Critically endangered

19. Some Important Birds found in Hill Forest in

20. Tribal Community of Hilly Forest
Chittagong Hill
Tracts
Main Tribal: Marma,
Chakma, Tanchingy, Sak,
Shendu, Tipra, Mro, Khyang,
Bawn (Banjago and Pankho),
Khomi and Lushai.
Population: 558187
Source: BBS, 1991.

21. Sherpur (Mymensingh)
Main Tribal: Garo, Koch, Hojong
Population: 82771

22. Sylhet
Main Tribal: Khasi, Meithei,
Manipuri, Pathro and Tipra
Population: 106,823

24. The hilly forest products are categorized bellow:
Forest products
Timber products Non-timber products
Timber and fuel wood
Medicine and aromatic plants Other product
used for domestic
purpose

25. Non –timber forest products(NTFP) is defined as
“all products derived from biological resources
found on forest land, but not including timber or
fuel wood” (Wong,2001)
Example of NTFPs are fungi, fruit, berries, nuts
and seeds, meat, resins, lac, dung, roots, honey
etc

26. Non-timber forest products of Hilly Forest in
Bangladesh
 Bamboo
 Sugarcane
 Mushroom
 Medicinal Plant
 Fish
Seeds

27. The importance of non-timber forest product
Sustaining rural livelihoods
Furthering rural poverty alleviation
Biodiversity conservation
Facilitating rural economic growth

28.  Local people’s access to and control of resources.
 Existing collection and management practice
 Take proper steps for sustainable harvesting
 Strict guidelines and recommended process

29. Importance of Hilly Forest
Environmental Purpose
 Maintaining clear air & water
 Storing carbon
 Roots allow to infiltrate water
 Canopy intercepts rainfall
 Minimizes flooding
 Maintaining ecological balance

30. Importance of Hilly Forest (Cont.)
Economical purpose
 Creating employment opportunity.
 Value of inputs and outputs.
 Reducing poverty.
 Reducing vulnerability to economic and environmental
shocks.
 Provide medicinal treatment.
 Use as food.
 Helps in domestic purpose

31. Importance of Hilly Forest (Cont.)
Educational purpose
 Providing facilities for research, technology & education
 Supporting primary industries
 Ensuring our future

32. Importance of Hilly Forest (Cont.)
Habitat purpose
 Provides wild habitat
 Safe home for wildlife
 Provides free space community
 Protect wildlife from habitat loss
 Preserving breeding opportunity

33. Importance of Hilly Forest (Cont.)
Recreational purpose
 To provide recreational activities
 Bringing people together
 Inspiring our heart & soul
 Improving physical & mental health

34. How Hilly Forest act as the protector
of our Nature
 Control wind and water erosion
 Air pollution filters
 Protection against noise, flood and drought
 Control air and soil pollution
 Protection of natural resources

35. Causes of Hilly Forest degradation
Natural cause
 Earthquake
 Forest fire

36. Causes of Hilly Forest degradation
Man-made cause
 Urbanization
 Industrialization
 Over population
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Air pollution
 Jhum cultivation

37. Impact of Hilly Forest Degradation
 Wind and water erosion
 Air and soil pollution
 Disrupt of natural resources
 Habitat loss of wildlife
 Disrupt ecological, economical and
environmental balance
 Decrease soil fertility and productivity
 Climate change

38. Conservation of Hill Forest
 Immediate actions to stop smuggling of timber.
 New method of cultivation to minimize the
destruction of hill forest.
 Rehabilitation of Jhumia.
 Afforestation in barren hills.
 Capacity building of local people to conserve
biodiversity.
 Stop the commercial exploitation.

39. Hilly forest management
• In 1875, the first forest reserves were declared.
• The first forest reserves were in Sitapahar (currently under
Chittagong Hill Tracts South Division)
• Forest management situation The Hill Forests are managed
under the clear felling system followed by artificial
regeneration with valuable species with a rotation of 60
years (long rotation) and 30 years (short rotation).
• The bamboo appears either as pure stand or as understory.

40. Management Planning
A management plan for Hill forests was prepared at the
beginning of the 20th century.
 To convert the existing irregular forests into regular ones
replacing non-economic trees by valuable and fast-growing
species
 To prevent denudation in the hills and erosion of the soil and
silting up of rivers
 To afforest barren areas with a view to increasing the forest
wealth
 To preserve and propagate wildlife and
 To derive maximum economic benefits under the principles of
sustained yield in practice.

41. Management problems
 Shifting cultivation or practice of Jhum cultivation which
involves forest clearance and burning of debris which
ultimately causes soil erosions and nutrient loss.
 Encroachment and illicit felling.
 Raise short rotation plantation with exotic and single species.
 Lack of post plantation management.
 FD’s limitations
• Inadequate budget
• Lack of managerial staffs

42. Lets enjoy some natural beauty of hill
forest

43. Forest is the lung of our planet.
Let’s save our forest.

44. Thanks to all