This document discusses fans, blowers, and their operation. It describes the key differences between fans, blowers, and compressors. It then outlines the major types of centrifugal and axial fans, their characteristics, and typical applications. Finally, it covers fan and system performance evaluation, describing system resistance curves, fan characteristic curves, and how the intersection of these curves determines the operating point and power required.
Insulation _refractories,Purpose of Insulation,Types and Application,Economic Thickness of Insulation (ETI). Simplified Formula for Heat Loss Calculation, Refractories, Properties of Refractories,Classification of Refractories,Selection of Refractories, Heat Losses from Furnace Walls
00923006902338
Compressor Types
Compressor Performance
Compressed Air System Components
Efficient Operation of Compressed Air Systems
Compressor Capacity Assessment
Checklist for Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air System
00923006902338
Boilers and its types systems and boilers water treatment Salman Jailani
The document discusses different types of boilers and their classifications. It begins with an introduction to boilers, describing them as enclosed vessels that provide combustion heat transfer to water or steam.
It then summarizes the main types of boilers as fire tube boilers, water tube boilers, and packaged boilers. Fire tube boilers contain tubes through which hot gases pass and water circulates around. Water tube boilers reverse this configuration. Packaged boilers are complete pre-assembled units.
The document also covers boiler systems, components, and classifications based on fuel type like stokers and pulverized fuel. Performance evaluation methods like efficiency calculations via direct and indirect methods are summarized.
The document discusses global environmental concerns, specifically focusing on ozone layer depletion and global warming. It provides details on:
- The process of ozone depletion caused by CFCs and other ozone depleting substances releasing chlorine and bromine atoms that destroy ozone.
- Effects of ozone layer depletion including increased UV radiation impacting human health, plants, aquatic ecosystems and air quality.
- International agreements like the Montreal Protocol to phase out ozone depleting substances.
- Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane causing global warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere.
- Potential impacts of climate change like rising sea levels and temperatures threatening food security and biodiversity.
-
This document provides an overview of a course on energy resources and utilization. The course covers fossil energy resources like oil, gas, and coal, as well as renewable energy resources including solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal. It discusses production and consumption trends for different fossil fuels. Key topics covered include fossil fuel formation processes, reserves, extraction technologies, transportation and applications such as electricity generation and steel production. The environmental impacts of fossil fuel usage and clean coal technologies are also summarized.
This document discusses fans, blowers, and their operation. It describes the key differences between fans, blowers, and compressors. It then outlines the major types of centrifugal and axial fans, their characteristics, and typical applications. Finally, it covers fan and system performance evaluation, describing system resistance curves, fan characteristic curves, and how the intersection of these curves determines the operating point and power required.
Insulation _refractories,Purpose of Insulation,Types and Application,Economic Thickness of Insulation (ETI). Simplified Formula for Heat Loss Calculation, Refractories, Properties of Refractories,Classification of Refractories,Selection of Refractories, Heat Losses from Furnace Walls
00923006902338
Compressor Types
Compressor Performance
Compressed Air System Components
Efficient Operation of Compressed Air Systems
Compressor Capacity Assessment
Checklist for Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air System
00923006902338
Boilers and its types systems and boilers water treatment Salman Jailani
The document discusses different types of boilers and their classifications. It begins with an introduction to boilers, describing them as enclosed vessels that provide combustion heat transfer to water or steam.
It then summarizes the main types of boilers as fire tube boilers, water tube boilers, and packaged boilers. Fire tube boilers contain tubes through which hot gases pass and water circulates around. Water tube boilers reverse this configuration. Packaged boilers are complete pre-assembled units.
The document also covers boiler systems, components, and classifications based on fuel type like stokers and pulverized fuel. Performance evaluation methods like efficiency calculations via direct and indirect methods are summarized.
The document discusses global environmental concerns, specifically focusing on ozone layer depletion and global warming. It provides details on:
- The process of ozone depletion caused by CFCs and other ozone depleting substances releasing chlorine and bromine atoms that destroy ozone.
- Effects of ozone layer depletion including increased UV radiation impacting human health, plants, aquatic ecosystems and air quality.
- International agreements like the Montreal Protocol to phase out ozone depleting substances.
- Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane causing global warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere.
- Potential impacts of climate change like rising sea levels and temperatures threatening food security and biodiversity.
-
This document provides an overview of a course on energy resources and utilization. The course covers fossil energy resources like oil, gas, and coal, as well as renewable energy resources including solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal. It discusses production and consumption trends for different fossil fuels. Key topics covered include fossil fuel formation processes, reserves, extraction technologies, transportation and applications such as electricity generation and steel production. The environmental impacts of fossil fuel usage and clean coal technologies are also summarized.
The document is a scanned image of a receipt from a restaurant called "The Burger Joint" dated January 15th, 2023. It shows a total of $23.45 was spent and paid for with a credit card ending in 4321. The items purchased included 2 cheeseburgers, 1 large fries, and 1 chocolate shake.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview while detailed audits involve comprehensive data collection and analysis. The document outlines the methodology for conducting detailed energy audits in multiple phases. It also discusses classifying conservation opportunities and reporting audit findings and recommendations.
High pressure steam leakage from the high pressure to intermediate pressure turbine causes several issues:
- It increases calculated heat rate and intermediate pressure efficiency while decreasing low pressure efficiency.
- It decreases the mass flow rate through the downstream high pressure turbine.
- It can lead to load curtailment to avoid overheating reheat tubes or issues with thrust balance and control of reheat temperature.
Seal damage from misalignment, poor start-ups, or water induction incidents can cause the high pressure steam leakage. Replacements or repairs of damaged components like seals, snout rings, and shell joints may be needed to address the leakage.
Two methods to estimate the leakage are the temperature variance method and blow down method which uses
The document lists the layout of tools and equipment in a machine shop lab, including 14 lathe machines, a tool cup board, CNC lathe machine, cabin, window, tool board, safety equipment, door, white board, and 14 setting tables for tool and part setup.
Lab Layout
Study of construction details and working of lathe trainer
Study of Chemical machining and process of chemical machining
Roughing and Finishing Program - Rectangular Pocket
One Step Finishing Cycle Program - Rectangular Pocket
Write a G-Code Program for the Part Shown Below
A typical round part used for CNC programming and machining.
Circular pocket cutting
Slot milling
Slot finishing
00923006902338
This document appears to be a lab manual for a Machining Technology course, listing 10 lab reports and assignments that students will complete, including studying the construction and operation of a lathe trainer, learning chemical machining processes, writing G-code programs for machining various parts, and completing tasks like roughing and finishing rectangular pockets and circular pocket cutting. The manual was submitted by a student named Salman Jailani for a 7th semester B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering course.
The document discusses the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. It describes the four main processes: evaporation in the evaporator, compression in the compressor, condensation in the condenser, and expansion through the expansion valve. Idealizations made in the engineering model are described. Mass and energy balances are applied to each component to analyze performance parameters like refrigeration capacity and COP. Sources of irreversibility that reduce the actual COP relative to the Carnot COP are discussed. Other refrigeration cycles like cascade and multipurpose systems are mentioned. Factors in selecting refrigerants including performance, safety, and environmental impact are summarized.
Safety Inspections and Sample Safety Inspection.Health and safety training D...Salman Jailani
Safety Inspections and Sample Safety Inspection.Health and safety training Definition of risk WHAT ARE PERMITS-TO-WORK
Mechanical Engineering
00923006902338
This document provides an introduction to CNC turning. It discusses the parts of a CNC machine, including the programming unit, machine control unit, and machine tool. It also covers fundamental CNC turning concepts like G-codes for linear and circular movements, M-codes for machine functions, and modal and non-modal G-codes. An example CNC turning program is included to demonstrate how G-codes are written to machine different shapes and features on a workpiece.
The document discusses CNC turning and milling centers. It defines CNC as computer numerically controlled automation of machine tools. Milling involves rotating cutting tools to produce flat and helical surfaces. CNC lathes and mills have automatic tool changers and workpiece positioners. CNC milling is similar to drilling and cutting and can perform many of the same operations. The document lists materials that can be machined and advantages of CNC like reduced lead times, errors, costs, and inspection needs.
CNC machining centers are machine tools that can perform multiple machining operations on a workpiece in a single setup under numerical control. They are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the orientation of the machine spindle. Vertical machining centers have a vertically oriented spindle and are used for flat parts, while horizontal machining centers have a horizontally oriented spindle and are suitable for cube-shaped parts. CNC machining centers feature automatic tool changers, workpiece positioning systems, and automatic pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
Flash steam and condensate recovery system Salman Jailani
Flash steam is formed when high pressure condensate experiences a rapid drop in pressure, causing some of the condensate to flash into steam. Flash vessels are used to separate flash steam from condensate. They allow condensate to fall to the bottom where it drains out, while flash steam collects at the top and is piped to low pressure steam equipment. Recovering flash steam improves boiler efficiency and increases steam generation. It also provides economic benefits through reduced fuel costs and lower water-related expenses.
The document discusses a tube-in-tube helical heat exchanger analysis using ANSYS CFD. It varies the curvature ratio from 8 to 25 and inlet velocity from 1 to 2 m/s to analyze parameters like Nusselt number, friction factor, and pressure drop. Graphs of these parameters versus Reynolds number are created and discussed to determine optimal heat exchanger performance. The analysis aims to improve heat transfer characteristics of coiled heat exchangers, which provide enhanced and compact heat transfer due to secondary flow effects from pipe curvature.
Demonstration of Anti Lock Braking System mechanism.Salman Jailani
The document describes an experiment to demonstrate an anti-lock braking system (ABS). It lists the objective as demonstrating the ABS mechanism and includes an ABS board, servo operation using vacuum, hydraulic, or compressed air assistance, ABS components like the hydraulic unit and ECU, and speed sensors. It explains that depressing the brake pedal closes the atmospheric valve in the servo cylinder, creating a vacuum that forces the piston and operates the master cylinder to send pressurized fluid to the wheel cylinders via the power pistons. Speed sensors send signals about wheel skidding to the ECU.
Demonstration of Disc and Drum Brake mechanism.Salman Jailani
This document describes an experiment to demonstrate disc and drum brake mechanisms. It outlines the key components of brake systems including the master cylinder, hydraulic pipes, brake drums, discs, and shoes. It explains how drum brakes use leading/trailing shoes or dual servo mechanisms while disc brakes can use single, dual, or four piston calipers. When the foot pedal is pressed, fluid is pumped from the master cylinder through lines to the wheel cylinders, pushing out pistons to bring the shoes or pads into contact with the drums or discs to slow the wheels.
Demonstration of different mechanisms in Hydraulic Assisted Power Steering (B...Salman Jailani
This document summarizes an experiment demonstrating the mechanisms in hydraulic assisted power steering systems. It describes the independent suspension and axle-beam suspension steering systems, various steering components like the steering column, steering box, drop arm, and drag link. It also outlines the hydraulic assisted power steering mechanism, including the pump, control valve, and ram cylinder. The procedure explains that as the steering bar twists, it rotates the spool valve, which controls the hydraulic lines and provides pressure assistance to the steering gear depending on how much the driver turns the steering wheel.
To study and draw the valve timings diagram Four-Stroke, Single-Cylinder Dies...Salman Jailani
The document describes an experiment to draw the valve timing diagram of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine. Key steps include: 1) Marking the top dead center and bottom dead center positions on the flywheel. 2) Slowly rotating the flywheel and marking when the inlet and exhaust valves open and close. 3) Marking the fuel injection timing for diesel engines. 4) Measuring the valve and crank angles to plot the valve timing diagram.
The document is a scanned image of a receipt from a restaurant called "The Burger Joint" dated January 15th, 2023. It shows a total of $23.45 was spent and paid for with a credit card ending in 4321. The items purchased included 2 cheeseburgers, 1 large fries, and 1 chocolate shake.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview while detailed audits involve comprehensive data collection and analysis. The document outlines the methodology for conducting detailed energy audits in multiple phases. It also discusses classifying conservation opportunities and reporting audit findings and recommendations.
High pressure steam leakage from the high pressure to intermediate pressure turbine causes several issues:
- It increases calculated heat rate and intermediate pressure efficiency while decreasing low pressure efficiency.
- It decreases the mass flow rate through the downstream high pressure turbine.
- It can lead to load curtailment to avoid overheating reheat tubes or issues with thrust balance and control of reheat temperature.
Seal damage from misalignment, poor start-ups, or water induction incidents can cause the high pressure steam leakage. Replacements or repairs of damaged components like seals, snout rings, and shell joints may be needed to address the leakage.
Two methods to estimate the leakage are the temperature variance method and blow down method which uses
The document lists the layout of tools and equipment in a machine shop lab, including 14 lathe machines, a tool cup board, CNC lathe machine, cabin, window, tool board, safety equipment, door, white board, and 14 setting tables for tool and part setup.
Lab Layout
Study of construction details and working of lathe trainer
Study of Chemical machining and process of chemical machining
Roughing and Finishing Program - Rectangular Pocket
One Step Finishing Cycle Program - Rectangular Pocket
Write a G-Code Program for the Part Shown Below
A typical round part used for CNC programming and machining.
Circular pocket cutting
Slot milling
Slot finishing
00923006902338
This document appears to be a lab manual for a Machining Technology course, listing 10 lab reports and assignments that students will complete, including studying the construction and operation of a lathe trainer, learning chemical machining processes, writing G-code programs for machining various parts, and completing tasks like roughing and finishing rectangular pockets and circular pocket cutting. The manual was submitted by a student named Salman Jailani for a 7th semester B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering course.
The document discusses the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. It describes the four main processes: evaporation in the evaporator, compression in the compressor, condensation in the condenser, and expansion through the expansion valve. Idealizations made in the engineering model are described. Mass and energy balances are applied to each component to analyze performance parameters like refrigeration capacity and COP. Sources of irreversibility that reduce the actual COP relative to the Carnot COP are discussed. Other refrigeration cycles like cascade and multipurpose systems are mentioned. Factors in selecting refrigerants including performance, safety, and environmental impact are summarized.
Safety Inspections and Sample Safety Inspection.Health and safety training D...Salman Jailani
Safety Inspections and Sample Safety Inspection.Health and safety training Definition of risk WHAT ARE PERMITS-TO-WORK
Mechanical Engineering
00923006902338
This document provides an introduction to CNC turning. It discusses the parts of a CNC machine, including the programming unit, machine control unit, and machine tool. It also covers fundamental CNC turning concepts like G-codes for linear and circular movements, M-codes for machine functions, and modal and non-modal G-codes. An example CNC turning program is included to demonstrate how G-codes are written to machine different shapes and features on a workpiece.
The document discusses CNC turning and milling centers. It defines CNC as computer numerically controlled automation of machine tools. Milling involves rotating cutting tools to produce flat and helical surfaces. CNC lathes and mills have automatic tool changers and workpiece positioners. CNC milling is similar to drilling and cutting and can perform many of the same operations. The document lists materials that can be machined and advantages of CNC like reduced lead times, errors, costs, and inspection needs.
CNC machining centers are machine tools that can perform multiple machining operations on a workpiece in a single setup under numerical control. They are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the orientation of the machine spindle. Vertical machining centers have a vertically oriented spindle and are used for flat parts, while horizontal machining centers have a horizontally oriented spindle and are suitable for cube-shaped parts. CNC machining centers feature automatic tool changers, workpiece positioning systems, and automatic pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
Flash steam and condensate recovery system Salman Jailani
Flash steam is formed when high pressure condensate experiences a rapid drop in pressure, causing some of the condensate to flash into steam. Flash vessels are used to separate flash steam from condensate. They allow condensate to fall to the bottom where it drains out, while flash steam collects at the top and is piped to low pressure steam equipment. Recovering flash steam improves boiler efficiency and increases steam generation. It also provides economic benefits through reduced fuel costs and lower water-related expenses.
The document discusses a tube-in-tube helical heat exchanger analysis using ANSYS CFD. It varies the curvature ratio from 8 to 25 and inlet velocity from 1 to 2 m/s to analyze parameters like Nusselt number, friction factor, and pressure drop. Graphs of these parameters versus Reynolds number are created and discussed to determine optimal heat exchanger performance. The analysis aims to improve heat transfer characteristics of coiled heat exchangers, which provide enhanced and compact heat transfer due to secondary flow effects from pipe curvature.
Demonstration of Anti Lock Braking System mechanism.Salman Jailani
The document describes an experiment to demonstrate an anti-lock braking system (ABS). It lists the objective as demonstrating the ABS mechanism and includes an ABS board, servo operation using vacuum, hydraulic, or compressed air assistance, ABS components like the hydraulic unit and ECU, and speed sensors. It explains that depressing the brake pedal closes the atmospheric valve in the servo cylinder, creating a vacuum that forces the piston and operates the master cylinder to send pressurized fluid to the wheel cylinders via the power pistons. Speed sensors send signals about wheel skidding to the ECU.
Demonstration of Disc and Drum Brake mechanism.Salman Jailani
This document describes an experiment to demonstrate disc and drum brake mechanisms. It outlines the key components of brake systems including the master cylinder, hydraulic pipes, brake drums, discs, and shoes. It explains how drum brakes use leading/trailing shoes or dual servo mechanisms while disc brakes can use single, dual, or four piston calipers. When the foot pedal is pressed, fluid is pumped from the master cylinder through lines to the wheel cylinders, pushing out pistons to bring the shoes or pads into contact with the drums or discs to slow the wheels.
Demonstration of different mechanisms in Hydraulic Assisted Power Steering (B...Salman Jailani
This document summarizes an experiment demonstrating the mechanisms in hydraulic assisted power steering systems. It describes the independent suspension and axle-beam suspension steering systems, various steering components like the steering column, steering box, drop arm, and drag link. It also outlines the hydraulic assisted power steering mechanism, including the pump, control valve, and ram cylinder. The procedure explains that as the steering bar twists, it rotates the spool valve, which controls the hydraulic lines and provides pressure assistance to the steering gear depending on how much the driver turns the steering wheel.
To study and draw the valve timings diagram Four-Stroke, Single-Cylinder Dies...Salman Jailani
The document describes an experiment to draw the valve timing diagram of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine. Key steps include: 1) Marking the top dead center and bottom dead center positions on the flywheel. 2) Slowly rotating the flywheel and marking when the inlet and exhaust valves open and close. 3) Marking the fuel injection timing for diesel engines. 4) Measuring the valve and crank angles to plot the valve timing diagram.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
Thermodynamic system and its types
1. Thermodynamic System and its Types
thermodynamic system (or simply ‘system’) is a definite macroscopic region or space in
the universe, in which one or more thermodynamic processes take place.
Everything external to a thermodynamic system is called surroundings. System and
surroundings are separated by a definite border called boundary. System, surroundings
and boundary constitute the universe.
Types of Thermodynamic System:
1. Open System:
An open system is a thermodynamic system which allows both mass and energyto flow in and out of it, across its
boundary. The image below illustrates open system.
Example of open system: Water heated in an open container – Here, heat is the
energy transferred, water is the mass transferred and container is the thermodynamic
system. Both heat and water can pass in and out of the container.
2. 2. Closed System:
A closed system allows only energy (heat and work) to pass in and out of it. It does not
allow mass transfer across its boundary. The following image shows a closed system:
Example of closed system: Water heated in a closed vessel – Here only heat energy
can pass in and out of the vessel
3. Isolated System:
An isolated system does not interact with its surroundings. It does not allow both mass
and energy transfer across its boundary. It is more restrictive.
In reality, complete isolated systems do not exist. However, some systems behave like
an isolated system for a finite period of time. The following image illustrates an isolated
system:
3. What is the difference between steady flow and unsteady flow?
steady: A steady flow is one in which the conditions (velocity,
pressure and cross-section) may differ from point to point but DO
NOT change with time.
unsteady: If at any point in the fluid, the conditions change with
time, the flow is described as unsteady.