English Day: Present Perfect

1. The Present Perfect
by Deane

2. Compare these 2 sentences :
1) I went to London in 2010.
2) I have been to London.
Kalimat yang pertama -> SIMPLE PAST TENSE :
- Kejadian dan situasi sudah selesai.
- Biasanya ada referensi waktu seperti 'in 2010', 'last year' dsb.
- Fokus kalimat : ON THE PAST (di masa lalu)
Kalimat yang kedua -> PRESENT PERFECT TENSE :
- Aksi dan situasi terjadi di masa lalu (atau dimulai di masa lalu) dan
ada hubungannya dengan masa sekarang.
- Contohnya 'I have been to London' hubungannya adalah 'saya bisa mengingat pengalaman itu saat ini.'
- Fokusnya adalah PENGALAMANKU/ON MY EXPERIENCE, bukan KAPAN ITU TERJADI.

3. • How to form the Present Perfect Tense :
S + have/has + Verb 3 (past participle)
For example : Play - played, live - lived.
Kalimat + Kalimat - Kalimat ?
1) I have worked.
I've worked.
2) You have worked.
You've worked.
3) He/She/It has worked.
He's worked.
4) We have worked.
We've worked.
5) They have worked.
They've worked.
1) I have not worked.
I haven't worked.
2) You have not worked.
You haven't worked.
3) He/She/It has not
worked.
He hasn't worked.
4) We have not worked.
We haven't worked.
5) They have not worked.
They haven't worked.
1) Have I worked ?
2) Have you worked ?
3) Has he/she/it worked ?
4) Have we worked?
5) Have they worked?

4. Jika kita membicarakan pengalaman kita, kita menggunakan Present Perfect Tense. Jika kita mulai memberikan lebih
banyak informasi dan detail, kita bergeser ke Simple Past Tense.
For example :
1) - Have you ever visited France?
(Present Perfect Tense untuk membicarakan pengalaman secara general)
- Yes, I have.
2) - When did you go ?
(Simple Past Tense karena sekarang kamu membicarakan detail yang spesifik di masa lalu)
- I went two years ago.
Note : Saat kita menanyakan tentang pengalaman, kita sering menggunakan 'ever' atau 'never'.
Contoh : I've ever been to Scotland.
I've never been to Scotland.
Have you ever been to Scotland?

5. Now try this grammar quiz
1. __ you ever eaten English food?
a) Has
b) Have
c) Are
2. No, I __
a) hasn't
b) haven't
c) aren't
3. She __ a car.
a) has never driven
b) never has driven
c) didn't drive
4. __ been out of his country before.
a) He
b) He never
c) He's never
5. __ been on a cruise?
a) They have
b) Has they
c) Have they ever
6. Yes, __
a) they do
b) they have
c) they had
7. When __ ?
a) did they go
b) have they go
c) have they gone.
8. Have you ever __ in a foreign
country?
a) live
b) lived
c) visit
9. Yes, I __
a) have
b) did
c) lived
10. How long __ there?
a) did you live
b) have you lived
c) do you live

6. Some and any
Here are three typical mistakes with some and any.
1. I don’t have some friends.
2. I haven’t got any book.
3. I’d like tea, please.
The basic grammar rules for using some and any are:
1. Use some in positive sentences, and any in negative sentences
“I have some money.”
“I don’t have any books.”
“I’d like some tea, please.”
Note that in the first example, the noun “money” is uncountable. In the second,
“books” is plural countable.
2. Use a / an when the noun is singular.
“I haven’t got a book” (NOT “I haven’t got any book.”)

7. 3. Use “some” when we consider the noun to be restricted in a
particular way, and any when the noun is not restricted.
- “Would you like some sugar in your coffee?”
(I’m imagining one or two spoonfuls of sugar, rather than a larger
quantity.)
- “Do you have any questions?”
(On any subject or point that you like – you can ask me
absolutely everything!)
4. We can use some and any as pronouns
“Have you got any brothers or sisters?”
“No, I haven’t got any.”
Do we need any bread from the shop?
“No, we’ve got some.”

8. English Grammar Exercise
Decide whether to use some, any, a/an or nothing in the sentences below.
1. Do you like —– soap operas?
2. Would you like —– milk in your coffee?
3. She has —– beautiful clothes.
4. Is there —– good time to call you?
5. There’s —– cheese in the fridge.
6. Did you eat all those chocolates? No, I didn’t eat —–.
7. He has —– good ideas.
8. He had —– good idea yesterday.
9. Is there —– tea left?
10. Yes, there should be. I’ve just had —–

9. Answers
1. Do you like soap operas?
2. Would you like some / any / – milk in your coffee?
3. She has some beautiful clothes.
4. Is there a good time to call you?
5. There’s some cheese in the fridge.
6. Did you eat all those chocolates? No, I didn’t eat any.
7. He has some good ideas.
8. He had a good idea yesterday.
9. Is there any tea left?
10. Yes, there should be. I’ve just had some.