term paper presentation

1. PROGRESS OF BIO ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
AND POTENTIAL IN NEPAL
Sahayog Chhetri
M.Sc. Forestry 1st Semester
Agriculture and Forestry University
Roll No.:33
Email: Chhetrisahayog1@gmail.com

2. OUTLINES OF THE STUDY
OBJECTIVES
CONCLUSION
FINDINGS &
DISCUSSIONS
INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Bioenergy is energy made from biomass or biofuel which is any organic material (wood, energy crops and waste from
forests, yards, or farms) which has absorbed sunlight and stored it in the form of chemical energy (IEA, 2020).
 Globally domestic supply of biomass was 55.6 EJ in 2018 of which 85 % was accounted by solid biomass sources
including wood chips, wood pellets and traditional biomass sources. Liquid biofuels accounted for 7%, municipal and
industrial waste sectors accounted for 5% followed by biogas at 3% (IEA, 2019).
 Biomass alone caters for about 87% of the total energy demand of Nepal (Dhital, 2018).
 Out of Total energy demand of Nepal 68.65% is consumed through traditional energy system, 28.20% by commercial
supply and only 3.20% is fulfilled by renewable sources (Economic survey, 2077/2078).
 36% of Total population uses clean energy (Economic survey, 2077/2078).

4. Bio-Energy conversion Technologies (Akhtari et al., 2014)
Bio-Energy Conversion Technologies:
Biomass may be turned into a variety of
products that can be used to generate energy
and chemicals (Matsumura, 2015).
FAO (2004) classified biofuels into three common
groups, that are used in bioenergy production

5. OBJECTIVES
 Specific Objectives
 To review the bioenergy development progress in Nepal.
 To review the support to Bioenergy and its promotion in Nepal.
 To review the Bioenergy potentials in Nepal.
 To review the barriers of Bioenergy potential in Nepal.
 General Objective
 To review the Progress and Potentials of Bioenergy in Nepal

6. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
BIO – GAS
 0.3 million Domestic Biogas plants (AEPC, 2021).
 Total of 288 Commercial, Institutional and Municipal Biogas are
installed since 2071/2072 and 49 in 2077/2078 (Economic survey
2077/2078).
 Feasibility of 60 large biogas plant (120%) were completed against the
target of 50 feasibility studies (AEPC, 2020).
 2255 biogas were installed in 2077/2078 (Economic survey 2077/2078).
BIO-FUEL
 Jatropa Plantations: AEPC is supporting 11 organizations to
establish 10 Jatropa based modern nurseries.
 AEPC is supporting Two private-sector organizations in setting up
biofuel processing plants to produce biodiesel from jatropha seeds.
A. PROGRESS OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL :

7. IMPROVED COOKING STOVES
 700,000< ICS installed in 63 districts (AEPC, 2020).
 ICS dissemination target i.e. smoke free homes is
overachieved 118% respectively (AEPC, 2020).
 13455 ICS provided in 2077/2078 (Economic survey
2077/2078).
BIO-GASIFIERS
 Thermal base Tea processing Gasifier operated for drying tea
leaves in Ilam districts by AEPC (AEPC,2020).
 Biomass gasifier based community electrification plants
piloted by (RERL) and AEPC.
BIO-SOLAR ELECTRICITY: 959 Kw was produced since 2071 and 250 Kw was produced in 2077/2078.

8. B. Scenario of Support and Bioenergy Promotion in Nepal
Policy Documents
Rural Energy Policy 2006
Jatropha Plantation Guideline ( MoFSC, 2009)
Strategy for Promotion of Biofuels (AEPC, 2009)
National Energy Strategy 2010
Renewable Energy Subsidy Policy 2016
Major Programmes
 Renewable Energy for Rural Areas (RERA)
 The Nepal Renewable Energy Programme (NREP)
 National Rural and Renewable Energy Programme (NRREP)
 Plant Rehabilitation and Efficiency Improvement Project
(PREIP)
 South Asia Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)
 Renewable Energy for Rural Livelihood(RERL)
Bioenergy Subsidy (Renewable Energy Subsidy Policy,
2073)
Energy Types
Region with Subsidy amount in NRS
Terai Hilly
Domestic Biogas
24,000
30,000 and 35,000 in
mountain
Commercial Biogas 30,000 36,000
Institutional Biogas 57,000 68,000
Communtiy Biogas 45,000 54,000
Domestic Stoves upto 4000 based on no of holes
Institutional Stoves 50% of cost but <20,000
Household Gasifiers 50% of cost but <4000
Small and Medium
industries based
Gasifiers
50% of cost but < 15000
Biomass electrification projects 5 kW up to 100 kWpNot
exceed Rs. 445,000,
Rs. 410,000 and Rs. 380,000 for Category "A, B & C"
respectively.

9. C. Bio Energy Potentials In Nepal
 Potential biogas production: from livestock manure its estimated to be 3043.58 million m3/year out of which <1% has
been harnessed and emissions control would be 4.35 million tonnes CO2eq/year. (Lohani et al., 2021) and from waste
water treatment to be 456 million MJ/yr (14.5 MWth); equivalent to 11.4 million liter of kerosene (Lohani et al., 2013).
 Potential bio pellet: 5.61 million tonnes (Mt) from agricultural residues (Kafle et al., 2016).
 Potential gross agricultural residue: 20.6 Mt in 2017 is expected to increase 25.4 Mt by 2030, whereas the technical
potential of biomass power is estimated approximately at 2.5 and 3.0 GW, respectively, in 2017 and 2030 (Khatiwada et al.,
2019).
 Potential high quality charcoal: 9,945,000 tonnes of firewood equivalent each year, out of which 8,073,000 tonnes is
accessible and it can supply 51% of total demand taking the current use of 15,964,000 tonnes (Hammerton et al., 2018).
 Forest biomass potential: 231.67 tonnes/hectre(t/h) of which above ground biomass counts 176.82 t/h, under ground
biomass counts 44.21 t/h and dead wood counts 10.66t/h which describes potential of bioenergy (FAO, 2020).
 Bioelectricity potential from sugarcane biomass: In the range of 209 - 313 GWh for Nepal (Khatiwada et al., 2012).

10.  Biodiesel Potential: 365 million liters of Jatropha-based biodiesel per year likely could be produced in Nepal. Among
Federal States of Nepal, State 5 has four times production potential (highest among the states and expected to be able to
produce an average of 87 million liters of Jatropha-biodiesel per year), States 4 and State 6 have least and similar
potentials. Additionally, States 1, 2, 3, and 7 have similar Jatropha-based biodiesel production potentials in the range of
55-62 million liters for the baseline scenario (Baral et al., 2020).
D. Barriers In Developing Bioenergy Potential In Nepal
(Source: Ministry of science and technology)
 Others barriers
1. Lack of trained personnel
2. Poor resource assessment
3. Insufficient field experiments
4. Lack of infrastructure for decentralized
delivery system
5. Lack of market support
6. Social inertia
Source: Final Report on Energy Sector Vision 2050 A.D

11. CONCLUSIONS
 Biomass energy not only brings numerous environmental benefits but also offers economic and energy security benefits
and Nepal is progressing over the years.
 Biomass in Nepal provides huge potentials for alternative energy production through which, farmers and forest owners
can gain valuable new markets for their crop residues, new energy crops and forest residues.
 Nepal has also planned to generate 220 MW of electricity from bioenergy by 2030 in its first NDC (Nationally
Determined Contribution) report (GoN, 2016) but significant progress has been seen only in biogas and ICS, progress in
biofuel, bioelectricity and other sectors of bioenergy seems challenging (AEPC, 2019).
 Various issues and barriers are hindering the development of Bio-energy sector hence there is immediate need of
 Comprehensive policy to guide industries to the right kinds of resources
 Public confidence that biomass can be a sustainable and beneficial climate solution
 The use of appropriate biomass conversion technologies and applications

12. Thank You For Your Kind Attention