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Pediatric terminology
The document is an extensive list of pediatric terms and conditions, including definitions of various medical terminology relevant to children's health. It covers topics such as sickle cell anemia, separation anxiety, and definitions of numerous pediatric disorders like celiac syndrome and autism. Additionally, it includes abbreviations and medical terminology used in healthcare settings for pediatric care.
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Pediatric terminology
- 1. Pediatric TerminologyPediatric Terminology ThirdStage LabThird Stage Lab MS.c. Zainab Neamat Al-MS.c. Zainab Neamat Al- TaeeTaee
- 2. Sickle Cell AnemiaSickleCell Anemia a severe hereditary form of anaemia in which a mutated form of haemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels.
- 3. Separation anxietySeparation anxiety Separationanxiety is normal in very young children (8 - 14 months old). Kids often go through a phase when they are "clingy" and afraid of unfamiliar people and places. When this fear occurs in a child over age 6 years, is excessive, and lasts longer than four weeks, the child may have separation anxiety disorder.
- 4. RegressionRegression Is the lossof an achieved level of functioning to a past level of behavior that was successful during earlier stages of development.
- 5.
- 6. Asphyxia suffocation causedby interference with the oxygen supply of the blood.
- 7. Atonic seizureAtonic seizurethat causes a sudden, momentary loss of consciousness and muscle tone; also called akinetic.
- 8. ClonusClonus rapid involuntarymuscle contraction and relaxation. Tonus:Tonus: tone is greatly increased: the body, arms, or legs become suddenly stiff or tense
- 9. Amblyopia dimness ofvision from disuse of the eye; sometimes called “lazy eye.”
- 10. AutisticAutistic totally self-centeredand unable to relate to others, often exhibiting bizarre behaviors. Autistic children can sometimes be destructive to themselves and others.
- 11. Caput SuccedaneumCaput Succedaneumedematous swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp caused by prolonged pressure of the occiput against the cervix during labor and delivery. The edema disappears within a few days.
- 12. Celiac SyndromeCeliac Syndrometerm used to designate the complex of mal absorptive disorders.
- 13. CephalocaudalCephalocaudal the patternof growth of the child that follows an orderly pattern, starting with the head and moving downward.
- 14. Child Neglect failingto provide adequate hygiene, health care, nutrition, love, nurturing, and supervision as needed for a child’s growth and development.
- 15. Clove Hitch RestraintsCloveHitch Restraints restraints used to secure an arm or leg; used most often when a child is receiving an intravenous infusion. The restraint is made of soft cloth formed in a figure eight.
- 16. Cold StressCold Stressa body temperature of less than 36.5 C° in the newborn.
- 17. ColostomyColostomy a surgicalprocedure in which a part of the colon is brought through the abdominal wall to create an outlet for elimination of fecal material
- 18. Congenital Hip DysplasiaCongenitalHip Dysplasia abnormal fetal development of the acetabulum that may or may not cause dislocation of the hip. If the malformed acetabulum permits dislocation, the head of the femur displaces upward and backward. This may be difficult to recognize in early infancy.
- 19. Cooperative Play childrenplay with each other, as in team sports.
- 20. CretinismCretinism a congenitalcondition marked by stunted growth and mental retardation.
- 21. CroupCroup general termthat typically includes symptoms of a barking cough, hoarseness, and Inspiratory stridor often occurs in children with croup.
- 22. Febrile SeizureFebrile Seizureoccurring in infants and young children commonly associated with a fever of 38.9 C° to 41.1 C°
- 23. GalactosemiaGalactosemia: hereditary metabolic disorderin which the enzyme necessary for converting galactose into glucose is missing. The infant generally appears normal at birth but experiences difficulties after the ingestion of milk
- 24. Hyaline Membrane DiseaseHyalineMembrane Disease also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS); occurs because of immature lungs that lack sufficient surfactant to decrease the surface tension of the alveoli.
- 25. ABG: Arterial BloodGas thistest measures the amounts of certain gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) dissolved in arterial blood. An ABG test involves puncturing an artery with a thin needle and syringe and drawing a small volume of blood.
- 26. AA: Aplastic Anemia deficiencyof all types of blood cell caused by failure of bone marrow development.
- 27. ADHD: Attention-Deficit / HyperactivityDisorder any of a range of behavioural disorders occurring primarily in children, including such symptoms as poor concentration, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties.
- 28.
- 29. ARDS: Acute Respiratory DistressSyndrome
- 30. ARF: Acute RheumaticFever
- 31. ASD: Autism SpectrumDisorder
- 32.
- 33. CDP: Constitutional DelayedCDP:Constitutional Delayed PubertyPuberty
- 34. CP: Cerebral PalsyCP:Cerebral Palsy
- 35. CSF: Cerebrospinal FluidCSF:Cerebrospinal Fluid
- 36. DTP: diphtheria toxoid,tetanusDTP: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and whole-cell pertussistoxoid, and whole-cell pertussis
- 37. FAS: Fetal AlcoholSyndromeFAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- 38. GCS: Glasgow ComaScaleGCS: Glasgow Coma Scale
- 39. HAV: hepatitis AvirusHAV: hepatitis A virus
- 40. CPAP: Continuous PositiveCPAP:Continuous Positive Airway PressureAirway Pressure
- 41.
- 42. IBD: inflammatory bowelIBD:inflammatory bowel diseasedisease
- 43. IBS: irritable bowelsyndromeIBS: irritable bowel syndrome
- 44. IPV: inactivated poliovirusIPV:inactivated poliovirus vaccinevaccine
- 45. IVC: Intra VentricularCatheter
- 46. JRA: Juvenile RheumatoidJRA:Juvenile Rheumatoid ArthritisArthritis
- 47. LGA: large forgestational ageLGA: large for gestational age
- 48. MAS: meconium aspirationMAS:meconium aspiration syndromesyndrome
- 49.
- 50. NICU: Neonatal IntensiveCare Unit
- 51.
- 52. SIDS: Sudden InfantDeathSIDS: Sudden Infant Death SyndromeSyndrome
- 53. PALS: Pediatric AdvancedLifePALS: Pediatric Advanced Life SupportSupport
- 54. RDS: Respiratory DistressRDS:Respiratory Distress SyndromeSyndrome
- 55. SGA: Small ForGestationalSGA: Small For Gestational AgeAge
- 56.
- 57. TS: Tourette SyndromeTS:Tourette Syndrome
- 58. UNHS: Universal NewbornUNHS:Universal Newborn Hearing ScreeningHearing Screening
- 59. VZV: Varicella-Zoster VirusVZV:Varicella-Zoster Virus
- 60. BID: twice adayBID: twice a day
- 61.
- 62. od: “oculus dexter”od:“oculus dexter” right eyeright eye os: “oculus sinister” left eyeos: “oculus sinister” left eye ou: “oculus uterque”ou: “oculus uterque” both eyesboth eyes
- 63. PO: by mouthPO:by mouth PR: per rectumPR: per rectum
- 64. PRN: “Pro renata”PRN: “Pro re nata” as neededas needed
- 65. Q8h “quaque octahora “ :Q8h “quaque octa hora “ : every 8 hoursevery 8 hours
- 66. AC: before mealsAC:before meals
- 67. QD: once adayQD: once a day
- 68. QHS: at bedtimeQHS:at bedtime
- 69. QOD: every otherdayQOD: every other day
- 70. TID: three timesa dayTID: three times a day
Editor's Notes
- #6 Adenopathy, also referred to as lymphadenopathy, is the enlargement of lymph nodes anywhere in your body. Lymph nodes are a part of your immune system and are where immune cells mature to fight infection and unfamiliar antigenic substances.
- #10 Amblyopia, also known as lazy eye, is a vision development disorder in which an eye fails to achieve normal visual acuity, even with prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses.Amblyopia begins during infancy and early childhood. In most cases, only one eye is affected.
- #21 Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism.
- #22 1-Croup Cough is a disease that causes a harsh, barking, dry cough that can sound similar to a seal barking. Children with croup have a swollen upper trachea, or windpipe; this is usually caused by a viral infection. The swelling, which is beneath the vocal cords, causes the barking cough. 2- Hoarseness refers to a difficulty making sounds when trying to speak. Vocal sounds may be weak, breathy, scratchy, or husky, and the pitch or quality of the voice may change. 3- Inspiratory stridor often occurs in children with croup. It may be indicative of serious airway obstruction from severe conditions such as epiglottitis, a foreign body lodged in the airway, or a laryngeal tumor.
- #26 An arterial blood gas (ABG) test is a blood gas test of blood from an artery; it is thus a blood test that measures the amounts of certain gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) dissolved in arterial blood. An ABG test involves puncturing an artery with a thin needle and syringe and drawing a small volume of blood.
- #28 any of a range of behavioural disorders occurring primarily in children, including such symptoms as poor concentration, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties.
- #29 If the baby's gestational age findings after birth match the calendar age, the baby is said to be appropriate for gestational age (AGA) AGA babies have lower rates of problems and death than babies that are small or large for their gestational age.
- #30 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a medical condition occurring in critically ill patients characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs. ARDS is not a particular disease, rather it is a clinical phenotype which may be triggered by various pathologies such as trauma, pneumonia and sepsis.
- #31 Rheumatic fever (RF), also known as acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain. The disease typically develops two to four weeks after a streptococcal throat infection.
- #32 A developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior
- #34 Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is a term describing a temporary delay in the skeletal growth and thus height of a child with no physical abnormalities causing the delay. ... CDGP is the most common cause of short stature and delayed puberty.
- #35 a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination (spastic paralysis) and/or other disabilities, typically caused by damage to the brain before or at birth.
- #36 clear watery fluid which fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.
- #37 DTaP (also DTPa and TDaP) is a combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, in which the component with lower case 'a' is acellular. This is in contrast to whole-cell, inactivated DTP (aka DTwP). The acellular vaccine uses selected antigens of the pertussis pathogen to induce immunity.
- #38 Women who drink alcohol during pregnancy can give birth to babies with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (sometimes known as FASD). FASD is the umbrella term for a range of disorders. These disorders can be mild or severe and can cause physical and mental birth defects. The most severe form of the condition is known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Other types include partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
- #39 The GCS is the summation of scores for eye, verbal, and motor responses. The minimum score is a 3 which indicates deep coma or a brain-dead state. The maximum is 15 which indicates a fully awake patient
- #40 Hepatitis A (formerly known as infectious hepatitis) is an infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). ... It is usually spread by eating food or drinking water contaminated with infected feces.
- #41 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of positive airway pressure ventilator, which applies mild air pressure on a continuous basis to keep the airways continuously open in people who are able to breathe spontaneously on their own.
- #42 a bacterium capable of causing a range of diseases including ear infections, cellulitis (soft tissue infection), upper respiratory infections, pneumonia, and such serious invasive infections as meningitis with potential brain damage and epiglottitis with airway
- #43 (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the principal types of inflammatory bowel disease.
- #44 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). Irritable bowel syndrome commonly causes cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation. IBS is a chronic condition that need to get manage in long term.
- #45 Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). There are two types: one that uses inactivated poliovirus and is given by injection (IPV), and one that uses weakened poliovirus and is given by mouth (OPV).
- #46 The intra ventricular catheter is the most accurate monitoring method. To insert an intraventricular catheter, a hole is drilled through the skull. The catheter is inserted through the brain into the lateral ventricle
- #47 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), often referred to by doctors today as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a type of arthritis that causes joint inflammation and stiffness for more than six weeks in a child aged 16 or younger. ... The result is inflammation -- marked by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.
- #48 (LGA) is an indication of high prenatal growth rate. LGA is often defined as a weight, length, or head circumference that lies above the 90th percentile for that gestational age. ... A baby is also called “large for gestational age” if its weight is greater than the 90th percentile at birth.
- #49 (MAS) also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It occurs when meconium is present in their lungs during or before delivery. If the baby then inhales the contaminated fluid, respiratory problems may occur.
- #50 The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It is a mixture of live attenuated viruses of the three diseases, administered via injection.
- #51 A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), also known as an intensive care nursery (ICN), is an intensive care unit specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants.
- #52 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors patient feels compelled to perform.
- #53 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), also known as cot death or crib death, is the sudden unexplained death of a child less than one year of age. Diagnosis requires that the death remains unexplained even after a thorough autopsy and detailed death scene investigation. SIDS usually occurs during sleep.
- #54 Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) . Instructor-led course uses a series of videos and simulated pediatric emergencies to reinforce the important concepts of a systematic approach to pediatric assessment, basic life support, PALS treatment algorithms, effective resuscitation, and team dynamics.
- #55 another term for Hyaline Membrane Disease . a syndrome of respiratory difficulty in newborn infants caused by a deficiency of a molecule called surfactant.
- #56 Small for gestational age is a term used to describe a baby who is smaller than the usual amount for the number of weeks of pregnancy. SGA babies usually have birthweights below the 10th percentile for babies of the same gestational age.
- #57 an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles) in the tissues, especially the lungs.
- #58 a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics and vocalizations and often the compulsive utterance of obscenities.
- #59 Testing of the newborn baby's ability to hear. Newborn screening of hearing is done with automated auditory brainstem response tests or, less often, with what are called otoacoustic emission or conventional auditory brainstem response tests.
- #60 Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpes viruses known to infect humans. VZV infections are species-specific to humans. It causes chickenpox (varicella), a disease most commonly affecting children, teens and young adults and herpes zoster (shingles) in older adults; shingles is rare in children.
- #63 Abbreviation of "oculus sinister." Latin for "left eye." By contrast, OD stands for "oculus dexter" which is Latin for the right eye. "OU." This is the abbreviation for the Latin term oculus uterque, which means "both eyes."
- #64 Abbreviation meaning by mouth, orally (from the Latin "per os", by mouth).
- #65 Pro re nata is a Latin phrase meaning in the circumstances or as the circumstance arises (literally "for the affair born"). It is commonly used in medicine to mean as needed or as the situation arises.
- #66 q.8h. (in prescriptions) abbreviation for quaque octa hora, a Latin phrase meaning "every 8 hours."
- #67 a.c.: Abbreviation on a prescription meaning before meals; from the Latin "ante cibum", before meals.
- #68 (qd or QD) is once a day; q.d. stands for "quaque die" (which means, in Latin, once a day).
- #69 Abbreviation for L. quaque hora somni, every bedtime.
- #70 every other day (from Latin quaque altera die) ... every day before noon (from Latin quaque die ante meridiem)
- #71 It is an abbreviation for "ter in die" which in Latin means three times a day