The document discusses the motion of the Earth and how it causes day and night. It explains that the Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours, which causes the apparent rising and setting of the sun. As the Earth rotates, different sides face the sun, creating day on one side and night on the other. It also discusses how the Earth revolves around the sun once every 365 days, and how this and the rotation of the Earth cause shadows to appear in different positions at different times of day.