Managing Up Unit 1 Psmp Assignment Wanna Case Study Review...

Managing Up Unit 1 Psmp Assignment Wanna Case Study Review...
Reading
Wanna, J 2007, 'Improving federalism: drivers of change, repair options and reform scenarios', Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 66, no.
3, pp. 275 – 279.
Purpose (What is the author's aim? For example, is the piece descriptive or does it summarise the literature or introduce a new argument? Is the author
trying to convince, persuade, or inform the reader? Use a verb.) (59)
The author aims to inform the reader of the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for reform of federalism by summarizing the discussions of the
round table held in May 2007.
Argument/Finding (What position did the author take? What were their main points? What are their claims/conclusions?) (75)
The focus of debate surrounded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Use correct reference format, see Section 5.10 of this guide. (The two citations are not included in your word count but your comments are)). (41 + 75)
A Twomey and G Withers, Federalist Paper 1– Australia's Federal Future, Council for the Australian Federation, April 2007, p 15.
Title of consider
Where there are problems, they are often with the way the Australian federal system operates, rather than with federalism itself. Rather than criticising
our federal system, we should be working to make better use of its advantagesвЂЁin order to improve our prosperity. In particular, the reform of the
allocation of powers and responsibilities between the Commonwealth and the States, and reform of fiscal federalism, are desperately needed. (Twomey
and Withers, 2007)
Twomey and Withers argue the approach of strategic pragmatism as outlined in Wanna's paper. The basis of their position is that the federalism
structure is unlikely to be subject to major redesign and the discussion should focus on improving current operation.
Commonwealth Government, Budget Paper No 3: Australia's Federal Relations, 2009–10, 12 May 2009, p 7.
Federations work best when the roles and responsibilities of each jurisdiction are clear and good public accountability mechanisms allow the
community to hold the appropriate level of government to account for the quality and efficiency of the services delivered and outcomes
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Prominent Architecture of Melbourne's Federation Square
Federation Square or also known as Fed Square was initially designed in 1997 through a public competition announced by former premier Jeff
Kennedy, the site later opened on the 26th of October 2002. Consuming a total city block the site has an entire floor area of 38,000 sqm or 9.39 acres,
positioned superbly adjacent Flinders Street Station and St. Pauls Cathedral. The initial competition phase of the project gathered vast interest from
architect from around the world, a total of 177 entries was lodged while 41 of them proposals came from architects located overseas. It wasn't until
July 1997 that Lab Architecture Studio (then located in London) and Bates Smart (one of Melbourne's prominent architects) was awarded the design
contract for Federation Square. The stage of constructing Federation Square had seen some major challenges during the developments lifecycle; the
project had seen a change in government in 2001 which inflicted changes to the proposed design of the complex to please heritage critics. As a result
the projects final construction cost exceeded well above its estimated budget, the final total was approximately $467 million (AUS) which was over
four times the original estimated budget. The construction stage had many complex construction methods that had to be implemented to construct the
extremely unique faГ§ade and framework of the buildings, along with the sites famous "Labyrinth" and well know platform "The Deck". Located
above the railway lines

Causes Of Federation
We all know federation was the best thing to happen to Australia. Can you imagine living in Australia without the freedom we have today? Improved
defence, tight immigration laws and free trade are some of the reasons that caused the Federation of Australia, which was the best thing to ever happen.
To begin, the creation of a national defence force is a significant reason why Australia federated. Henry parkes was one of the first people to think
about having an army which is from each colony During the 1800s ,there were different governments and armies so there was always the fear of
invasions.Every colony relied on the British navy to periodically patrol the coastlines of each colony.People also wanted federation because if the
ammunition

Child Corruption And Child Trafficking
With money running the world, it is not unexpected that corruption and child trafficking are entwined at the most rudimentary level. Often, money is
the driving factor of most forms of child trafficking, whether it is a result of the victim desperately seeking out employment to support themselves and
their family or the perpetrator utilizes their financial control over the victim to retain their product. Unfortunately, due to their very nature, children are
considered some of the most vulnerable and sought–after targets for traffickers. In a 2005 International Labor Organization report, there is an
"estimated that 980,000 to 1,225,000 children – both boys and girls – are in a forced labor situation as a result of trafficking" across the world. In
response to this pandemic, actions have been attempted by both international organizations ("IO") (United Nations ("U.N."), Interpol, Non–Government
Organizations ("NGO"), etc...) and state actors to reduce and prevent child trafficking. Such actions included adopting international treaties, such as the
Convention Against Corruption ("CAC") and Convention of the Rights of the Child ("CRC"), to address the social, economic, and cultural factors that
contributed to corruption and child trafficking. From there, many nations–states established domestic legislation by either directly or indirectly
adopting provisions in the international treaties to provide a means to criminalize the immoral perpetrators and protect the victims of

American Federation of Musicians Essay
Every day millions of Americans turn on their radios, IPods, or some other device which allows them to listen to their favorite musicians and have no
idea that there is a union standing guard to ensure the rights of those very musicians. The average American may think their favorite musicians are
rolling "dough" and not realize that for the past hundred and fourteen years the American Federation of Musicians, aka AFM, has worked to improve
the professional lives of musicians across North America. (American Federation of Musicians, 2010) AFM attracts its members with a mission to
unite professional musicians which states, "We can live and work in dignity; Our work will be fulfilling and compensated fairly; We will have a
meaningful voice... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(American Federation of Musicians, 2010) As technology and membership grew so did the scope and responsibilities of the union. During the
twentieth century the AFM dealt with political issues such as unemployment, immigration, the 18th Amendment, and other legislation which affected
the union's power in negotiating for musicians. Though the union lost its battle to stop Congress from the passing the 18th Amendment and the
"Cabaret Tax" in 1918, they were successful the following year in "arranging easier access for musicians traveling between the US and Canada" and
they were able to reduce the number of foreign musicians, willing to work for poor wages, who were allowed to enter the US. While the union still
actively worked for the rights of musicians in the 1920's their next major victory didn't come until 1935 when they were able to secure assistance for
unemployed musicians "through the government's Works Projects Administration." From that time on the union fought tirelessly to establish minimum
wages for all musicians, to have the cabaret tax repealed (accomplished in 1966), to reach an agreement with the motion picture industry (accomplished
in 1952), and

The Federation Of The Somali Republic
The federation of the Somali Republic and the Role of the International Community
1.0 Introduction
From 1960, when Somalia got its independence, Somalia Republic was a constitutional democratic state with a constitution approved by a referendum.
From 1960 to 1969, the constitution got rid of a civilian, legislative governance structure and protected human rights under the rule of two consecutive
and democratically–voted governments. In 1969, bloodless military takeover took place and suspended the constitution. As a result of the oppressive
rule of Siyad , there was massive dissatisfaction and revolt locally and also minimum participation of the global community in resolving the disaster that
was building up in the country. The military... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The successful MPs subsequently elected the Speaker, Mohamed Osman Jawari and President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. The country has adopted a
federal system of governance which is still at an early stage, and laden with confusion and constitutional ambiguities. Only one federal member state
(Puntland) is in existence, and there are several emerging states although the processes and commissions through which federal states should be formed
are yet to be fully formed. The international community and foreign diplomats assigned to Somalia play an integral role in facilitating dialogue among
the key political actors, and their interventions have huge impacts in the future of the country. In order to have a functional federal Somalia, several
issues should be tackled and addressed: Clarifying and amending the ambiguous and inconsistent constitutional clauses in the constitution, determining
and agreement on the federal state boundaries, and putting in place resources and power–sharing mechanisms. Therefore, given these challenges and
potential opportunities, the role of the international community, especially the regional bodies (IGAD, AU and others) should be based on a coherent
policy which is in tandem with the aspirations of the

The Consumer Federation Of America
Americans resoundingly reject non–driving characteristics in determining auto insurance rates.
If you're a low–income American, chances are you're paying a lot more for auto insurance than other citizens even if you have a similar driving
record and address. Those are the findings of the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) based on a study released on Monday.
Low Income Status = Higher Insurance Premiums
The CFA evaluated minimum limits liability premiums shared by men and women in 15 cities by five of the nation 's largest auto insurers.
Specifically, the CFA found that premiums surged by an average of 59 percent, or $681 annually when characteristics of the drivers were changed to
denote a lower economic status. Auto insurance is required in all states with New Hampshire the lone exception. Insurance is regulated at the state level.
"Insurance companies should judge you on how you drive, not who you are," said J. Robert Hunter, CFA 's Director of Insurance and former Texas
Insurance Commissioner. "Insurance companies are penalizing good drivers by hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars each year based on
economic and social status, and the end result is that the poor pay more, much more."
Five Non–Driving Factors Auto insurers use five factors when developing quotes for consumers. They are: level of education, occupation,
homeownership status, ownership of a car during prior six months, and marital status.
The CFA found that drivers with the same driving

The Political Structure Of Usa
Hello everyone, today I will speak about political structure of USA. I would like to start with some definitions. I know you know most of them but to
not get confused by these terms, first we have to know their meaning.
Forms of Government
Democracy literally means "rule of people". This is a system which people choose their leaders directly or indirectly by voting. What do I mean by
directly or indirectly? In direct or pure democracies, people decide about the policies that affect them directly and in representative democracies, people
select representatives to represent themselves and decide about policies. ("democracy – definition of democracy in English | Oxford Dictionaries", n.d.)
Monarchy means "the rule of one". This is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and they form a central government but central government is weak and has limited powers which means that states are supreme authority. Example:
Soviet Union
And in federation, powers are formally divided and there are two authorities: central and local. It is usually divided by means of a constitution. Each
state has power of some management of its internal affairs. Example: Germany
And in unitary system, like in England, there are local governments but their powers are granted by central government. Example: China
What are the advantages and disadvantages of these systems?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Confederation
Since the local governments are more powerful tyranny is almost impossible.
Government is closer to its citizens. It can easily find solutions to its citizens' problems.
A confederation can split apart easily.
Lack of central authority can cause problems while handling the issue of currency, international treaties, or maintenance of an army.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary Government
Power is not shared.
Law is for all people and it is not contradictory because there is one government which is responsible for making and enforcing laws.
It is efficient and it saves time since there is one national government in control.
It is easier to control small countries but if the country is large, the national government can lose control.
It is not expensive. It is a simple system. Central

The British Safety Industry Federation
8 Pages in total 21cm x 21cm Page 1 (Front Cover) – Guide to becoming a member of the BSIF Your comprehensive guide to becoming a member of
the British Safety Industry Federation. Page 2 – CONTENTS Page 3 – ABOUT THE BSIF The British Safety Industry Federation (BSIF) is the UK 's
leading trade body within the safety industry and the principal association for the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Regulation. Recognised as a
Competent Authority by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the BSIF is the key independent voice representing the interests of the UK safety
industry to a wide audience, including Government, its enforcement agencies, standards making authorities and safety equipment users. Today the
BSIF leads the way in helping... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Be part of the Movement – By choosing to be a member of the BSIF, you are recognising the Health and Safety is a force for good. You will be
making a commitment to keeping people safe and healthy at work through the utilisation of tools provided by your membership such as the Registered
Safety Supplier Scheme (RSSS). Thus giving your self true competitive advantage. Alan Murray BSIF CEO (Get copy of Signature?) Page 4: Who We
Represent Ultimately the BSIF is representing the safety of the end–user through support it is providing to all those companies who work to keep
people healthy and safe at work. The core membership of the BSIF consists of manufacturers and distributors of safety products through to test houses,
certification bodies and safety professionals. Membership is accommodated within a number of sector Associations and Product and Working Groups,
giving members the opportunity to be at the forefront of their markets and influence the direction they take. Currently the BSIF runs the following
Associations and Product Groups Associations Safety Distributor Association: Allows distributors to discuss common issues and promote their
interests. In particular the education and training of customer facing staff to achieve externally recognised qualifications. Test &

Federation In Australian History
Federation is one of the most important parts of Australian history. It is the time when we came with the term Australian, when we became a nation,
got the right to vote, speak more freely, live more freely. Federation has made how we are today. It has changed history forever. Federation is the
joining of states or colonies to become one nation. 'For 20 years the issue of Federation domination political discussion between colonies till January 1st
1901, that was when the Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed'.
Federation started in 1880 with six British colonies, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania. With 3
million people in each colony. These colonies were separated and had little to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
is governed. A draft was drawn the Australians used the Great Britain, Canada and Switzerland's Constitution to help form theirs.
After Australian went through tough times a conference with pro–federation groups happened in 1897, and the conference agreed to have national
meeting to redraft the Constitution to see if Australia agrees by voting.
Most people in Australia were involved in the making of Federation. Most people being are the voters, egalitarians*, then also the members of
parliament. In 1890 The draft of Australian Constitution was drawn by four members from each colony, they were: Edmund Barton (New South
Wales), Andrew Inglis Clark (Tasmania), Samuel Griffith (Queensland) and Charles Kingston (South Australia), Western Australia was not part of
Federation at this time. In 1897–1898 the colonies debated paragraphs of the Constitution (changes were made) it was drafted by: Edmund Barton, John
Downer and Richard O'Connor.
Edmund Barton was the first prime minister of Australia he was elected May 9th 1901 in Melbourne the Exhibition Building. He was a smart man but
also a

Federalism Is Considered Centralized, Or Contrarily...
Federalism can be perceived as quite complicated although, when explained can be quite simple. Its basic definition is that it is the share of powers
between national and subnational governments. Canadian federalism was born along with the country in 1867 and has prospered ever since. Canada
as a federation has evolved tremendously since its early years where it mostly started as a centralized state. After the World Wars,Canada progressed to
become the decentralized country we know today. The results of said succession make it evident that for this country to thrive, a decentralized
federalism is ideal. Federalism is a concept best described when discussing whether a country's government can be considered centralized, or contrarily,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a decentralized country, "each type of government is... free to delegate its powers to other bodies if it so desires" and does not focus all
responsibilities upon one form of government. Nonetheless, a federation being centralized or decentralized is not black and white; "what is not
centralized is decentralized" is not necessarily true in many cases. To achieve perfect decentralization, one must assure that the non–federal
governments obtain enough autonomy so that, in result, neither becomes subordinate to the other. Additionally, fiscal decentralization is brought about
through arriving at a certain level of economic autonomy at both levels of government . The main idea behind subsidiarity is that of the division of
responsibilities in an equal manner and that the lowest, qualified levels of government are likewise given powers . Canadian federalism can be
considered as quite unique in proportion to others and has vastly changed since its original form. Its evolution can be traced back to the Confederation
of 1867 and centralization and decentralization have come and gone throughout Canadian history.
Federalism in Canada pre–World War One can be described as a purely centralized system. In 1867, Canada was born and along with it, a federation.
The early years of the country show Canada's first Prime Minister's, John A. Macdonald, focus towards a Unitarian state

The Galactic Federation Essay
In the year 2100, the earth had become incorporated into the galactic federation, the centralized government of universe seven. Earth C–135, was the
cradle of human civilization, and the waterworld of section A–44 of universe seven. The galactic federation was under the command of the council of
Overseers, the Overseers were created by the alien race of the Galvanics, a species of technologically advanced aliens capable of creating, and
innovation technology by chemical process. The council of Overseers purpose was to maintain peace, and order across the universe. The Overseers
sought to maintain, and sustain order in the universe by the usage of the Metal–morphs, servants of the council of Overseers who acted as judge, jury,
and executioners. The Metal–morphs were also artificial intelligence, and resembled humanoids and, were composed of a similar substance to the
Glavanics, and Overseers, which was a fluid like compound which acted like a solid, but was impervious to physical, and molecular damage. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was first dismissed as the potential collapse–ment of a galaxy, however were then taken into consideration when time anomalies began to occur
frequently, and distort reality is small alterations. The colporate behind these alterations was a titian by the name of Sinestro, this mad titian was the
reason why the galactic federation had intervened. The galactic federation saw this single mad titan as a threat to their own universe as Sinestro's
ultimate creation was the interdimensional device. With this device, Sinestro was capable of entering, and exiting dimensions, thus impervious to the
space time continuum reality implications. Armed with this power weapon, Sinestro was capable of bending, and altering earth to his will, even capable
of dismantling the galactic

Federation City
The world has been evolving as quickly as the population has grown. As the years progressed, the habitual lifestyle has transformed from spread out
house and land living to city and suburban occupation. Along with the living style, cities have progressed from just roads and buildings to
multifunctional spaces with copious possibilities. Federation Square in the 'heart of the city' is an example of how a space in the city vastly contributes
to the visual culture of Melbourne. Times Square in New York also displays how what was previously an intersection of roads, has been transformed
into a visual landmark. Melbourne city had always lacked a functional public space ever since its birth.
'Robert Hoddles plan setting' of Melbourne grid was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 'sheer volume of activity its hosts' is a vital factor to its success with the city of Melbourne now able to hold copious events, from live
broadcasting of international events to public concerts and displays such as the olympics and Kevin Rudd sorry speech to the stolen generation.
Federation Square is also a prime location to watch the New Years celebrations where the city is flooded with people. With a new capacity of
'10000 people' large events such as the Commonwealth Games connected over '750000 people over ten days.' The square for the first time creates a
sensible and large public space which was needed for the modern day Melbourne city. Federation square has greatly contributed to the visual culture
of the city with an angular triangle laced structure creating an icon in the heart of the city. The creation of this space has also vastly lead to an
increase in cultural events for example when it sits centre for the largely popular White Night Festival which attracts hundreds of thousands of people
into the city for an all night visual festival. Originating in Russia, White night is a State Government initiative that lights up the city for an entire
night and Federation Square plays a vital role in not only contributing to the visual experience of the event but help people circulate during the
event.The design of the square works to combine a multiple of spaces to create 'an organisation that is interactive and adaptive' which has been proven
that was need and well received. Federation Square is an example of how the space between buildings of function and the roads we use as
transportation can change the function of a

Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria
CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION:
The question of an acceptable formula for revenue sharing among the component tiers of the Nigerian nation is one of the most protracted and
controversial debates in the political and macroeconomic management of the economy. This debate has its foundations in the history and evolution of
the Nigerian federation.
"Revenue allocation or the statutory distribution of revenue from the Federation Account among the different levels of government has been one of the
most contentious and controversial issues in the nation's political life. So contentious has the matter been that none of the formulae evolved at various
times by a commission or by decree under different regimes since 1964 has gained general acceptability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(e) Principle of Fiscal Equalization: In order to ensure a minimum level of public goods and services same degree of fiscal equalization is required.
This is as a result of differences in resource endowment.
(f) The Efficiency Principle: This principle implies that efficiency must be applied in the allocation of resources
(g) The Principle of Derivation: The component units of a system should be able to control some of its own resources as they desire.
(h) The Principle of Locational Neutrality: Interregional fiscal differences tend to influence location choices of individuals and firms. Therefore, policy
should focus on minimizing distortions due to some interference. Hence, differential taxes which create locational distortions should be avoided as
much as practicable.
(i) The Principle of Centralized Redistribution: This principle states that the redistribution function of fiscal policy through progressive taxation and
expenditure programmes should be centralized at the federal level. That is, if the redistributive function is decentralized, it can result in distortions in
location decisions. It should be noted that the above principles are not mutually consistent.
. CHAPTER 3
THE CHALLENGES AND RECCOMENDATIONS: There are several challenges and contending issues

The Pros And Cons Of Belgian Federalism
Dr. Wilfried Swenden, a professor at Edinborough University in his research paper called "Belgian Federalism: Basic Institutional Features and
Potential as a Model for the European Union", argues that there are positive as well as negative aspects as Belgium as a federal state. The good things
about it is that it managed to lower the amount of tension between the different language speaking groups. He supports it by stating that the amount of
demonstrations has gone down since federalization of the country and that that can be linked to the success of the government. One of the critiques
that is often raised that it is very costly. Certainly, the process itself costs money, however, it could lower the expenses by stopping "some of the costly
proto–federal practices aimed at concealing disputes between the two Communities in a unitary context" (Swenden, 2003). He also argues that the state
of public finance is better nowadays than in was before the reforms. One of his strongest arguments is that people have actually started identifying more
with Belgium than before when they allowed to identify with their region too. Swenden calls it the "Moreno question – the share of citizens who have
been willing to shift their identity to the Belgian end of the continuum has increased, rather than decreased over time" (Swenden, 2003).
However, there are some disadvantages. Like that Belgium while having three regions and communities is actually bipolar in character. "The
German–speaking

Australia Federation Research Paper
Before 1901 Australia was not a federation, it was a collection of 6 British colonies, with them being, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria,
Queensland, Southern Australia, and Western Australia. In the 1850s the forming of an Australian Federation was not as popular, due to the fact that
the colonies were more worried about their own nation and people. It was not until the 1880s until people considered the advantages of forming a
nation, and in 1901 they formed a nation. The there are plenty of reasons for this, however the 3 main reason they formed a nation was because, they
wanted to have a united defense force and could protect Australia better, they also wanted to increase their policies on the white Australian policy, and
they could... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the time, other countries' was presence around the country, with the Russians in the Pacific, Germany in Papa New Guinea, and France
colonizing New Carolina. Even though the colonies had armies in every town but according to a report made by the British Army's Major – General
Sir J. Bevan Edwards it said that "the colonies did not possess enough men, arms or even ammunition or provide adequate defense." This report had
strengthen the idea that the colonies needed to unite their troops to form one united army. Also with the fact that each colony's navy had only one or
two warship, if other navies were to come from sea, their navy won't have enough power and size to defend the country. Finally with Asian countries
like China and Japan with a great army, there were also fear that they would come invade the colonies, and that they would have absolutely no
possibilities in defending the country. As Alfred Deakin, later to be Chief Secretary of Victoria had warned: 'The Asiatic wave which has threatened to
engulf us is only suspended for a short time, but if the colonies do not federate our comparatively trifling white population will be swept before it like
a feather'. All this gave the colonies all the reasons to unite the nation and unite the army. Apart from defending

Essay On Australian Federation
To introduce, Australia was country solely owned and run by Britian until 1901, the year of Australian federation, from 6 separate self
–governing
colonies to one, on the 26th day of January 1901. 'While Federation was not perfect, it was a system (of both laws and beliefs) that enabled Australia to
flourish.' The question itself represents the states coming together as one uniting nation. The laws, the beliefs, the privileges and the embellishment of
the phrase gives you a sense of welcoming into the history of Australian federation.
The system of laws and beliefs represented and encouraged the society to live in a safer, enjoyable and overall better way. The laws and beliefs were
much like rules, they told people what to do and if they didn't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To flourish means to be in one's prime or in its prime. After federationAustralia successfully demonstrated a positive outcome. Australia flourished in
immigration, trade, transport and many more. Australia was able to show the world that federation was capable, it showed the world that the
cooperation that the Australians had was impeccable, they showed the general public that you just weren't in countryside anymore. Australia has now
presented the world with employment opportunities, overseas aid, and world class education. Australia has crated change for the world and Australia is
always flourishing and helping other countries for the

American Federation Of Teachers Essay
American Federation of Teachers American Federation of Teachers, also known as AFT was founded in 1916 and today represents 1.6 million
members in more than 3,000 local affiliates nationwide, founded in Chicago by President Samuel Gompers. ("About") The AFT also represents 80,000
early childhood educators and about 250,000 retiree members. ("About") AFT targets to help students, families, and communities to target fairness,
democracy, economic opportunity, high–quality public education, healthcare and public services. ("Mission") The organization and members advance
these principles through engagement, organizing, collective bargaining and political activism. ("Mission") The AFT addresses multiple issues that they
believe has an importance to the union and our country, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The American Federation of teachers has multiple benefits including endorsed insurance, legal and finance services, shopping, travel, etc. ("Member
benefits") However, there are two benefits that I would like to address, starting with the benefits of scholarships. ("Member benefits") The AFT offers
an $8000 post–secondary scholarship for four years, along with ten other people who are chosen for a one–time $1000 scholarship. These members are
chosen once a year to earn the scholarships. Earning a scholarship would be known as a material incentive, in this case. ("Interest groups") This is
because the members gain something physically through joining the interest group, which in this case would be AFT. ("Interest groups"). Another
benefit of joining AFT is their members and the members' families receive health discounts on dental and eye care. ("Member benefits") This is
another example of material incentive because they are being provided with something physically, over a sense of belonging (solidary incentive) or
feeling satisfied by taking action (purposive incentive). ("Interest

Federalism: The Iroquois League
Federalism is the idea of the powers of government being distributed between a national institution and provincial, or state, institutions. Over the long
history of humanity Federalism has taken many forms. To give an example, in the 15th–16th century the Iroquois League was formed. This was a
system of Federalism wherein the central government had very few actual powers. In the Iroquois League each nation determined its own laws, for the
most, independent of the rest of the confederation. However delegates of each nation would meet periodically to vote on certain policy decisions
(particularly matters dealing with nations not in the League, such as whether or not to declare war). They had a Constitution that all members had to
abide by that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This system, it is said, was an important influence for the founding fathers of the United States. However, what came out of the United States
Constitution was a federation with a far stronger central government. The government could control all kinds of trade within each state, settle civil
and social matters, as well as all the international affairs that the Iroquois league managed. This wide array of federal government powers strays from
the clearly defined lines of the Iroquois League. As a result there is a lot of debate over which powers the states ought to have and which ought to
reside in the hands of the federal government. When responding to this issue we should first consider what the benefits are that the states are hoping to
gain from this relationship. First and foremost is national security. This was the driving factor behind the formation of the Iroquois League and is an
important benefit in every such federation. The power to ensure national security certainly includes control over foreign affairs, but what does that
entail, aside from the obvious functions? Well the principal duty is to provide a vanguard to defend against foreseeable threats which possess a strong
ability and clearly defined intent to harm the society's

The Development Of The Federation Of Malaysia
The Federation of Malaysia is made up of two main territories separated by the South China Sea in Southeast Asia. "East Malaysia is located on the
northern quarter of the large Borneo Island and West Malaysia, where most of the population resides and forms the southern portion of the Malay
Peninsula and south of Thailand." (The Multiparty System: Country Studies – Malaysia) The western part known as "The Federation of Malaya, gained
independence from the United Kingdom in 1957." (The Multiparty System: Country Studies – Malaysia) Malaysia has a population of 31 million
people with a mixed population of ethnic backgrounds. Malaysia's present administration and previous ones were unable to make fundamental reforms
in Malaysia. "Affirmative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The federal government holds various portfolios including external affairs, defense, internal security, civil and criminal law, citizenship, finance,
industry, health and education." (Malaysia: Between Democracy and Authoritarianism 2009) The federal government may also make laws to promote
the consistency of the laws of two or more states and it may formulate laws on any subject at the request of a state legislative assembly. Executive
power lies in the "cabinet led by the prime minister who must be a member of the lower house and command a majority." (Malaysia: Between
Democracy and Authoritarianism 2009) The cabinet is chosen from members of both houses of parliament. The prime minister of Malaysia is
appointed by the Paramount Leader, who also appoints the cabinet on the advice of the prime minister. "A justice system originally based on the British
one operates in tandem with Sharia courts." (Malaysia: Between Democracy and Authoritarianism 2009) The Federal Court is the Supreme Court and
it's the final court of appeal, it also has "exclusive jurisdiction" in constitutional matters and in matters arising between states or between the federal
government and the states. (Malaysia: Between Democracy and Authoritarianism 2009) Appeals that arise from the High Courts

The International Federation Of Translators
According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor http://www.bls.gov/ooh
/media–and–communication/interpreters–and–translators.htm employment for interpreters and translators is projected to grow 46 percent from 2012 to
2022, much faster than the average of all occupations. Employment growth reflects increasing globalization and a more diverse U.S. population, which
is expected to require more interpreters and translators. Associations are a good resource for translators. Every language and specialization area has
professional organizations of its own. This is a compilation of information from the association's websites to make you aware of all the different
services they offer and their location. Because of the high number of associations available, we will concentrate on a major international organization,
organizations within the United States and associations related to the Spanish language. The International Federation of Translators (FIT) The
American Translators Association (ATA) ATA Chapters and Affiliates Specialized Associations Associations Related to the Spanish Language Why
Join a Professional Association?The International Federation of Translators (FIT) The International Federation of Translators (FIT) www.fit
–ift.org FIT
is an international grouping of associations of translators, interpreters and terminologists. More than 100 professional associations are affiliated,
representing more than

Roles Of Governor In Federations
Introduction:
A governor (from French gouverneur) is a governing official, usually the executive of a non–sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of
state. In federations, a governor may be the title of each appointed or elected politician who governs a constituent state.
In countries the heads of the constitutive states, provinces, communities and regions may be titled Governor, although this is less common in
parliamentary systems such as in some European nations and many of their former colonies, which use titles such as President of the Regional Council
in France and Minister–President in Germany, where in some states there are governorates (German: Regierungsbezirke) as sub–state administrative
regions. Other countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The role of the Governor is primarily ceremonial in nature.
ii. The functioning of Governor in British Dominions is guided wholly and solely by the British Crown.
iii. The Governor is an integral part of determination of a Federation.
Methodology adopted:
The given study is purely Doctrinal in nature. The different Statutes relating to action of the executive at the State level have been referred to
extensively. The Journals as well as the Articles have been referred. Apart from that, internet has been utilised at a vast level in order to understand the
nuances and the concepts involved in the research.
Role of Governor – India
This Paper deals with the appointment and functioning of the institution of Governor as well as the anomalies and problems surrounding the
powers vested in them in the matter of granting assent to the Bills passed by the State Legislatures. Article 153 of the Constitution requires that
there shall be a Governor for each State. One person can be appointed as Governor for two or more States. Article 154 vests the executive power of
the State in the Governor. Article 155 says that "The Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal".
Article 156 provides that "The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President". The term of the Governor is prescribed as five

The World Federation Of The Deaf
Welcome to The Tribute to the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) exhibit. As a primary focus in the museum, this exhibit is devoted to the
organization that acts conscientiously to protect the right of Deaf people around the world every day. Please find below a description of WFD, as
well as the history of it.
What is the World Federation of the Deaf?
The World Federation of the Deaf, often simply called WFD, is an international organization that acts as a central hub for all associations devoted to
Deaf people. Its focus is on the rights of Deaf people, working to bring attention to and improve their human, linguistic and civil rights. The WFD has
always had a strong focus on improving awareness of sign language by Deaf people, as well as providing supports to these individuals, their family
and friends.
Support for the WFD comes from sections of the United Nations, including the World Health Organization and the International Disability Alliance. An
interesting note is that all 11 board members of the WFD are Deaf themselves. The WFD is well–regarded as it is represented by well–known groups
that include the Economic and Social Council, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Bank and Council of Europe.
The World Federation of the Deaf is devoted to improving awareness of sign language, improving education for Deaf people, improving human rights
for them in developing countries and promoting the establishment of Deaf organizations in places

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Federation
3.Federation Model III /Representative Model
There would be no individual membership to the federation, but any qualified person can take membership with any one of the national level
psychology associations. One can hold membership with more than one association, without having any implication on the voting power. The
federation will be formed by the representatives of the national level psychology associations, which forms the EC. Voting power within the EC will be
decided depending on the strength of each constituent national association. A similar model exists with the psychological societies of theCzech
Republic (CR). Instead of Federation, the Czech Republic have The Union of Psychologists Associations (UPA–CR) which came into being ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, during the first term, the President will be from Association–A, the president elect from Association B, Secretary General from
Association C and the treasurer from Association D. Similarly, the representation to different international psychology associations can also planned in
rotation.
Advantages: 1.There is no need to invoke any change in the existing bylaws of the associations. 2. The bylaw of the federation can be framed by the
representatives of each of the associations with the approval of the general body of the constitutent associations. 3. Internationally, the number of
representatives to the forums would go up and Indian Psychologists as a group would yield more power. 4. Since there will be more than one
representative at the international forums, the transition will be smoother..
Disadvantages are as follows: 1.Each association may not take initiative to come together to form a strong association. 2. Change in the organogram of
the associations in the functioning of the federation may not be appreciated by the office bearers of the associations. 3. The rotation of representation
to international union or societies can be a bone of

The International Table Tennis Federation
Table tennis is characterized by numerous rules that govern how the game should be played. The game is mainly characterized by exceptionally fast
reactions thereby making rules quite necessary. Players must allow the ball to bounce once on their side of the court before returning it to the opposite
end. The initial serve is, however, exempted from this requirement. Points are scored if a team fails to keep the ball in play. The International Table
Tennis Federation (ITTF) instituted some key changes in the rules of the game following the 2000 Olympics games, which were held in Sidney,
Australia. The amendments were mainly aimed at enhancing the game's viability as a spectator sport that could be televised. Among the new changes
was the increasing of the ball's diameter to 40 millimeters. Soon thereafter, the ITTF changed the game's scoring system from 21–point to 11–point
system (International Table Tennis Federation, 2014). The serve rotation was also brought down from five points to two. Soon thereafter, the global
federation of the game changed the rules and effectively prohibited players from hiding balls during service. In keeping with the sport's spirit of
fairness, the rules cushions opponents from being caught by surprise. Rules require that the ball must be tossed a minimum of 16 centimeters in the air
before being served. There are rules governing the course of events during a match including which team takes the first serve. In order to highlight the
numerous

The American Federation Of Teachers: Case Study
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) was founded in April 1916 by eight local teachers in Winnetka, Illinois. The union began to rise and
drew more members during World War I when school boards were pressuring and intimidating teachers to resign from the union. From this time, the
union fought for tenure laws and academic freedoms of teachers whose belief were investigated, following the "Red scare" hysteria. Fast forward to the
21st century, now governed by elected officers and delegates to the union's biennial convention, the AFT represents about 80,000 early childhood
teachers and 250,000 retiree members. The national union represents 1.6 million pre–K through 12th–grade teachers; paraprofessionals and other
school–related personnel;... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This conference is affiliated with AFT Higher Education program. The AFT Higher Education policy makes statements regarding issues such as tenure,
shared governance, contingent labor, teacher education and technology offer information and policy guidance. The program sets arguments and
negotiating strategies to advance the union agenda. Having to be the first trade union to allow African Americans and minorities to become full
members, it doubled the amount of members and set equal pay for African American and called for equal educational opportunities for African
American children. Although, in 1957, when the union expelled all locals that refused to desegragate it lossabout 7,000 members. In 1963, the AFT
actively supported the March On Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Now, stronger than ever, the AFT scattered across the nations. Locals are placed
throughout cities, such as the Philadelphia Federation of Teachers, PFT, which is affiliated with the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) as Local

The International Planned Parenthood Federation
"Progress in reducing maternal mortality has been slow and uneven, including in Latin America, where 23,000 women die each year from preventable
causes." Citation–(research) The International Planned Parenthood Federation helps address this concerns; this organization is located in 170 countries.
This paper will specifically focus on the globalization issues within five Latin states as well as the economic plans within the IPPF overall. The
International Planned Parenthood Federation can benefit from economic globalization, however, it really depends on the global market and government
monitoring specifically within the Latin states. This includes expenses, exchange loss, transparency and restricted funding. It is of my opinion that the
International Planned Parenthood indeed does benefit from economic globalization within certain limitations. I think it is important to first understand
what the International Planned Parenthood Federation does and why its existence is essential in this world. "The International Planned Parenthood
Federation is a global service provider and a leading advantage of sexual and reproductive health and rights for all. We are a worldwide movement of
national organizations working with and for communities and individuals. IPPF works towards the world where women, men and young people
everywhere have control over their own bodies, and therefore their destinies. The world where they are free to choose parenthood or not; free to decide
how many

It was regarded by most people as Australia biggest moment. The federation of Australia was a great time for us as there was nothing that could taint
this moment. Before Australia there was six separate colonies each with separate laws, defence, transport and economic situations; it was necessary for
the colonies to federate as it would help them to break away from being a "Little Britain" but also for them to develop into their own identity.
Before the colonies federated they each had their own economic and transport situations. These included their own taxes on imports and exports and
different train lines. People who were traveling from colony to colony would have to change lines at the border as each state had their own type of rails,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By federating Australia would be able to become their own country in the world, therefore being able to ditch Britain's long hold on the continents
image. Before Australia federated we were 6 British colonies, each consisting of many British people who helped develop the colony into a stable
community. But in 1870 a report published showed that non–indigenous born people had a higher percentage over the people who were born in Britain
. These Australian's did not like calling themselves British and looked for something else to call themselves, around this time people stopped wearing
British fashion and paintings of Australia started showing a less "Little Britain" theme and a more rustic, dry Australian theme. It was also around this
time when the Australian Anthem was performed for the first time, only strengthening Australia's push to be their own. Another aspect that shows
national identity was the sport Cricket as before federating a team had been constructed from the colonies to go play England who they beat by seven
runs . A number of factors had already been tying the colonies before federation, it only made sense that Australia was to federate the

Canada Goose Case Study
a. According to the textbook, the reasons that provide motivation for companies' international expansion and describe them.
Traditional motivations
Resource Seeking: secure supplies.
Low–cost factor: exploit factor cost differences
Market Seeking: fulfill capability; exploit scale economies and scope economies.
Emerging motivations
Competitive positioning: match competitors, preempt markets, capture the global scale, play "global chess".
Global scanning: global intelligence scan, access scare knowledge.
b.
Market and resource seeking: "this motivation was particularly strong for companies that had some intrinsic advantage, typically related to their
technology and brand recognition, which gave them a competitive advantage in offshore markets" (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
Competitive positioning: "the most controversial of the many global competitive strategic actions taken by MNEs...have been those base on
cross–subsidization of markets" (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
Global scanning/ learning: when trying to get low–cost resources, the company is exposed to new technologies and markets (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
c. By expanding internationally, Canada Goose can have many opportunities to seek new markets, grow, increase sales, and improve its brand
recognition overseas. With those extra sales, it will enable to exploit scale and scope economies; thereby it will have a source of competitive
advantage over its domestic

Russi The Russian Federation
Introduction
Russia at a glance, is also known as the Russian Federation, and is a country located in northern Eurasia. It's considered to be federal semi–presidential
republic. Russia covers 6,592,800 square miles making it the largest country in the world. It's also home to nearly 144 million people, as of 2015,
making it the world's ninth most populous nation. Russia extends across the entirety of northern Asia and most of Eastern Europe. Spanning nine time
zones, Russia covers a vast range of environments and geography. Russia is considered a "great power" and, most notably, is a member of the G20,
the World Trade Organization (WTO), and is also the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
History Russia's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the time, the Russian Empire was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America. Post Russian
Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR) emerged as the largest and focal component of the Soviet Union. The Soviet
Union became the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The recognized superpower played a key role in the victory of the Allies during World
War II. Many of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century are credited to the Soviet era. The technological achievements
include the world's first human–made satellite and the first man in space. In 1991, the Russian SFSR re–established itself as the Russian Federation
and was recognized as the sole successor state of the Soviet Union
Political System
As previously mentioned, Russia is a federal semi–presidential republic. Semi–presidentialism is system of government comprised of a president, prime
minister and the Cabinet, with the second latter being responsible to the legislature of a state. The president is the head of state and the prime minister
is the head of government. Currently, the president of Russia is Vladimir Putin and the prime minister is Dmitry Medvedev. In addition, the legislature
is a Federal Assembly which consists of the both Chairman of the Federation Council and the Chairman of the State Duma; Valentina

National Wildlife Federation
The National Wildlife Federation, or NWF, can be accessed for in depth information via their interest group website at www.nwf.org. Selection of the
National Wildlife Federation, for myself, was brought forth by my affinity for the outdoors and nature in general. Growing up enjoying activities
such as canoeing, camping, fishing, hiking and boating has allowed myself to gain a respect for the vastness of our nations wild beauty. Along with
this respect comes the aspiration to pass the joy of the outdoors along to my children and thus I feel diving into the NWF will prove to be beneficial
to our family. Having no prior knowledge of this organization, I am very much excited about the task of deciphering this entity.
Goals:
For the National Wildlife Federation, their objective is formed around the ideal that our nations natural habitats and wildlife, along with clean air and
water are all things that all Americans have a right to access. Through conservation efforts the NWF feels the government, along with the nations
citizens, have a duty to conserve and protect our natural resources for current and future generations. Further in depth information surrounding the
goals of the NWF can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Does the group identify upcoming actions or events that will be important to the group? Are members asked to do anything in the near future? What
are the group's priorities? Do they have a legislative agenda? Are there current bills in Congress connected to the group's interests? Is there any action
at a state rather than federal level? Be specific in your responses The National Wildlife Federation calls attention to their concerns via their "Take
Action" section of their website. Within the "Take Action" portion, the NWF, assists individuals in sending messages to their Senators and
Representatives to voice their support of or their opposition of current directives at policy change effecting the

Similarities Between The American Federation Of Labour And...
Erin Marie Magee
The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor were similar in a lot of ways, however the latter succeeded and the prior did not. These
were both union organizations. They consisted of employees bound together for common goals. Some of these goals consisted of: eight hour work
day, abolition of child labor, equal pay for equal work and income tax reforms. However, there are some major differences. One difference is that the
Knights of Labor accepted men, women, white, black, skilled, and unskilled workers as members. The American Federation of Labor however, only
accepted skilled workers and required much higher dues. One reason for the American Federation of Labor requiring higher dues was to sustain the
member

Gender Exploitation, Trafficking, And Mobility Of Women...
On the 5th of March, 2001, Oxana Rantseva, a 21–year–old Russian national, arrived in Cyprus and was granted a work permit as an artiste until June
of that year. This type of work permit was discussed in a report on "artistes" in Cyprus by the Cypriot Ombudsman in 2003 (as well as multiple other
subsequent reports on human trafficking), clarifying that the word "artiste" had become synonymous with prostitute. It was also noted that beginning
in the 1990's the majority of the women serving in Cyprus's prostitution market were coming from former states of the Soviet Union. During this time
Cyprus was implementing stricture regulations to limit the number of women immigration to work as artistes. Unfortunately, the report found that
despite this "there was not improvement regarding sexual exploitation, trafficking and mobility of women under a regime of modern slavery"
(paragraph 84). This situation in Cyprus was documented and known of by the government.
Rantseva began work as an artiste in a cabaret owned by X.A., and managed by his brother, M.A., on (DATE). While working, she stayed in an
apartment with other women who worked for X.A. On the 19th of March, M.A. was informed by the women Rantseva lived with that she had taken all
her belongings and left the apartment. He subsequently informed the Immigration office of this, later stating that he wanted her to be expelled from
Cyprus so that he could hire another girl to work in the Cabaret. On the 28th of March, around 4

Disadvantages Of A Federation In Australia
Making a Nation
Yusuf Mohamed Sherifdeen
History Year 9– Line 7 2018
Name: Yusuf Mohamed Sherifdeen Year 9 Line 7
MAKING A NATION– AUSTRALIA
Use the textbook, Retroactive 9 – Chapter 6.6, page 240; and the internet to answer the following questions in your own words.
* Read and reflect on the experiences of non–Europeans in Australia in the late 1800s.
(Pages 222 – 227)
What were the advantages of forming a federation in Australia in 1901?
(Page 241–242)
Economic Advantages:
Free trade between states would lower the costs of production and create new markets.
The Australian government imposed a tax called a customs duty. Business... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The telegraph allowed messages to be sent almost instantaneously by morse code. By 1870, all capitals of Australia were all linked up with telegraphs.
Briefly explain how the efforts of Parkes and Griffith resulted in the establishment of a constitution for Australia. Also, define the term 'constitution'.
(Page 246)
In 1881, Sir Henry Parkes, Premier of New South Wales and a principal advocate of federation. He proposed that a federal council be assembled to
raise public awareness of federal ideas and discuss matters that were of prevalent interest to all the colonies. The initial step towards federation was

taken with the decision in 1883 to setup the federal council. It was eventually created in 1885 but the New South Wales and South Australia
demonstrated little interest. It met only every two years, discussed minor matters and had no capability to invent laws. Consequently, it broke down in
1899.
A second attempt of the federation was provoked by Sir Henry Parkes in a speech in the town of Tenterfield in the northern New South Wales. He
called for a Parliamentary Convention of Australia, a meeting of delegates from the colonies to write a federal constitution that would display how a
federal system of government might

Factors That Led To The Federation Of 1901
In 1901, the six British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania federated to become the
Commonwealth of Australia. Several factors including defence and immigration, railways and nationalism contributed to the federation of 1901 when
Australia was officially declared an independent nation separate from Britain with an independent government.
One of the main contributing factors that led to the federation of 1901 included trade and railways throughout the colonies. In the 1800s, most
colonies had constructed railway networks within cities. Some colonies, such as Victoria, had founded railway links, including a link between
Melbourne and the port of Williamstown, located south of Melbourne itself. The construction of this rail link triggered other colonies to construct
similar railway links, including a rail link between Sydney and Parramatta. A major railway that was constructed included a line from Melbourne to
the town of Wodonga, located on the border of Victoria, and a line from Sydney to the town of Albury, on the New South Wales border. This was a
major milestone in linking the colonies of New South Wales and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a major contributing factor as the amalgamation of all the armies of the colonies allowed for one army to be created. Defence and immigration
became a significant factor to federation as prior to federation, the colonies managed their own national defence and were responsible for their own
security. As the colonies were officially members of theBritish Empire, up until the late 1800s received military support from Britain. Wars in the
Pacific and Africa particularly the Maori wars in New Zealand, saw the involvement of the colonies, alongside the British Empire. These wars spiked
fear of possible attacks from foreign nations, which was one of the main factors that contributed to the amalgamation of the six

The movement from a British colony to the independent and proud nation of Australia took place at the turn of the 20th century. This was not a quick
change and it was not a result of one singular factor or event. Many factors and events contributed to the Federation of Australia in 1901. Federation
was influenced by the people of the nation, and their decision and thoughts on uniting of the colonies. Before Federation, the colonies of Australia were
not one country. They had different railways, different defence forces and even identities. Federation meant that the colonies of Australia– Queensland,
New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia
– would unite into one country. They would have the same currency,
government and identity. Federation was a major turning point in Australian history,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prior to 1859, Queensland was a part of New South Wales. The split of the two colonies allowed for further changes between the colonies, which
inconvenienced a lot of people. These inconveniences included different governments, unlike railway lines and different postal systems. The Gold
Rush in the mid 1800's bought immigrants from parts of the world to add to the population, and a rise in wealth to the Australian economy – especially
the economy of Victoria. The eventual exploration of inland Australia made it easier to cross the country and allowed for more settlement towns.
People then started to have the idea about Federation. There were two referendums – one in 1898 and one in 1899 – for the public to decide whether
the colonies should federate. As seen in Source 4.65, page 211, Oxford Big Ideas Australian Curriculum History 9, the public wanted Australia to
become its own nation, to have an identity and to 'make Australia great'. The majority of the population of the colonies voted for the Federation of
Australia to occur, which then followed in

Australian Federation Research Paper
Noa Simon
Mr Miles
9 September 2015
Reasons for Australia's Federation
Defence, Immigration and Trade
Australian federation was a main turning point in Australia's history, not so much for it's camaraderie and sprit, but to legislate and retaliate against
three main concerns that had arose in our developing nation; Australia's defence, immigration and trade. With the introduction of Federation to
Australia, all three problems were fixed, and much more.
Before 1901, Australia's defence lacked muscularity. Best put it by Jim Killen, a British General at the time, was that "[Australia] couldn't even defend
Botany Bay on a sunny Sunday afternoon." Each colony had there own minute militia run by volunteers, but heavily relied on the British ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
People were growing tired of being susceptible to attacks so easily, vulnerable to the most minuscule of invasions, which was one strong driver to
Australia's coming of a Federation. This was driven by the uprising of nations such as Germany, France and Russia who had already started colonising
neighbouring parts of the Pacific. Along with this, Neighbouring Asian country were also a threat, as they had large populations and armies. Alfred
Deakin, the Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation once referred to this problem by stating that 'The Asiatic
wave which has threatened to engulf us is only suspended for a short time, but if the colonies do not federate our comparatively trifling white
population will be swept before it like a feather'. Along with this, unified nation made Australia better equipped to deal with foreign policy matters. An
example of this was when Germany gain ownership of New Guinea. It is believed that New Guinea could have belonged to Australia if the six colonies
had been able to unify, meaning that a German invasion would be unlikely. What federation created was a united defence force which could better
protect Australia and it's possessions, which would intern strengthen Australia's

Federation Square
Nathan Worling Z5057106 ZEIT8303 PROJECT MANAGEMENT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE Federation Square Project Designed by Donald Bates
and Peter Davidson – LAB Architecture Studio Opened 26th of October 2002 Estimated cost – $473 million
NATHANWORLING–ВвЂђZ5057106TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. 3 2
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 4 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS
....................................... 5 3.1 PROJECT SCOPE MANAGEMENT ..................................................... 5... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By analysing these areas it is apparent there are lessons to be learnt when undertaking enormous projects that are exposed to numerous external
pressures. Whilst there were many significant negative issues that ascended from this project, it must be emphasised that over due time, Federal Square
has developed itself into a cultural epicenter that feeds a thriving city.
ZEIT8303–PROJECTMANAGEMENTBODYOFKNOWLEDGE3NATHANWORLING–ВвЂђZ50571062 INTRODUCTION Melbourne's Federation
Square was a Victorian Government initiative that was announced in 1996, with support from Melbourne City Council and the Commonwealth
Government. The initial projected cost of the structure was estimated at $110 million, with a completion date of December 2000 (Matters of Public
Interest 2003). The final estimated cost was over $470 million, with the official opening occurring in October 2002, even though the construction was
not complete (Misiak 2003) (ABC 2003). Being such a high profile, exposed, arduous project, there were many factors that contributed to the various
shortfalls over the 6–year timeframe. This report aims to identify key knowledge areas within project management and discuss improvements that could
have been made to streamline the task and improve overall continuity.

Between the first fleet landing in Australia until the year 1900, Australia had six different governments enforcing different taxes, with their own militia
trying to stay self–sufficient and was not recognized as a nation. Australia relied immensely on British support and the governments of Australia
realised that If there was any threat of war Australia would not be adept enough to protect itself. In 1901 the six current British ruled colonies in
Australia came together to create the Commonwealth of Australia, these six colonies became the original six states of Australia. New South Wales,
Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. I recently took a trip to Parliament house in Canberra, ACT where I learnt
about the process and power of the Federation from our local M.P. Jamie Briggs. The federation of Australia was designed to allow the public to have a
voice in the matters brought to parliament. In my opinion the federation of Australia went on to develop and become one of the world's fairest and
most accepting governments. According the Australian Constitution (the most important document in Australian federation history) the states are
allowed to self–govern things that happen within their boundaries, (e.g. 'police, hospitals, education and public transport'). Therefore the... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Australia the current voting age is 18 however, at the age of 16 you have the right to enrol to vote. After you enrol your name will be added;
along with your address to the Electoral roll. Australia in Forces compulsory voting. Compulsory voting means that every eligible Australian citizen
(18 years or older) is required by law to enrol and vote. It is very important that young people realise the magnitude of their decision when voting.
Jamie Briggs reminded us that every vote counts and every citizen of Australia has equal opportunity to decide how our country is

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