Pediatric Oncology

Pediatric Oncology
Would a person say the number forty–three, out of all the numbers in existence, is small? That person would probably say yes, but what if someone
said forty–three children a day are diagnosed with cancer (Duncan, Geoff). With the widespread of cancer, one should try to envision themselves as a
pediatric oncologist because of the comfortable environment of the work, the great gain of knowledge and salary, and benefits of healing people. First
of all, a pediatric oncologist's main goal is to cure cancer in children, normally up to age eighteen (Ferguson 536). While pediatric oncologists do
work in the hospital most of the day, they also play a role in the lab by performing tests and clinical trials. They do surgeries such as removing bone
marrows. Chemotherapy and radiation is administered when needed. Since pediatric oncologists work with children, they are not only doctors but
counselors (Pediatric Oncology). The kids they are curing are not able to do things like normal children their age. While a normal seven year old may
be riding his or her bike, children with cancer are going through hours of radiation and chemotherapy. These are just a few of the odds and ends of
being a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Becoming board certified in pediatrics is the next step followed by participating in a pediatric oncology fellowship. The last step before a person
starts practicing is to earn board certification in pediatric oncology (Become a Pediatric Oncologist: Education and Career Roadmap). This all takes
about fourteen years of school, but the job has an equitable salary. In Thibodaux, Louisiana, a pediatric oncologist makes only $40,262 a year on
average because the demand for pediatric oncologists is slim. The national average pediatric oncologists make is $238,479 a year. The salary will
continue to increase more and more because by 2021, pediatric oncology will grow by at least fifteen percent. That means that cancer is going to
continue to evade people's
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Lung Cancer: The Leading Cause Of Death In The World
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. As a deadly disease that attacks the human body when some of the body's cells begin to
divide without stopping and spreads to the surrounding area, a definite cure has yet to be found. In 2008 approximately 7.6 million people died of
cancer, about 13% of all deaths worldwide. (World Health Organization) The field ofoncology, the study and treatment of tumors, continues to grow
because of the growing need to find a cure for this brutal disease that claims so many lives. As a terminal disease to the body, there are many different
types of cancer so there are also different types of treatment. However, to win the fight against cancer, detection and early treatment are equally vital...
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Unlike all other treatments available, immunotherapy's long term effects are more positive and reduce harm to the body. The only effects after
treatment is the increased strength of the immune system. This form of treatment is an alternative approach for patients that have exhausted all of the
other possibilities. A popular success report includes former United States President Jimmy Carter. He was treated with immunotherapy for metastatic
melanoma when he was diagnosed in 2015. There are many cases in the United states where immunotherapy has been successful at prolonging the life
of a patient. The most common side effects are flu like symptoms, fatigue, rashes, fever and drops in blood pressure. (cancersupportcommunity.org) The
drugs that are used for the immunotherapy treatment such as nivolumab, contribute to the increased life span of cancer patients. According to the
National Cancer Institute, "About 34 percent of patients with metastatic melanoma who received nivolumab have survived. The five–year survival rate
for patients with advanced melanoma who got other treatments was 16.6 percent between 2005 and 2011." Based on studies done by Johns Hopkins,
there is an increased life span for patients that take nivolumab compared to patients that take docetaxel. The overall survival of patients that are taking
nivolumab was

Radiologists: Diagnostic, Interventional, And Radiation...
A radiologist is a medical specialist, who has had specific postgraduate training in performing and interpreting diagnostic imaging tests and
interventional procedures or treatments that involve the use of X–ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Radiologists are trained
to assist other doctors and specialists to treat their patients by making a diagnosis and providing treatment using medical imaging. Radiologists have the
medical knowledge to understand and explain your medical problem or symptom through the images or pictures that are taken of various parts of the
inside of your body. The tree types of radiology are Diagnostic, Interventional, and Radiation oncology. The Diagnostic imaging uses plain X–ray
radiology, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and nuclear medicine imaging techniques to obtain images that
are then interpreted to aid in the diagnosis of disease. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, Interventional radiologists may sub–specialize further so that they only treat abnormalities of the brain. And the Radiation oncology uses
radiation to treat diseases such as cancer, using radiation therapy. These specialists are not called radiologists, but radiation oncologists, even though
they belong to the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists. These three fields are alike in that they all use a form of imaging
device in order to help them to treat and interpret treatment for the patient. The biggest contrast between the fields of Diagnostic Radiologist,
Interventional Radiologist, and Radiation Radiologist is how they use the tools of their trade. Each of the fields will use the imaging devices in a
different manner for their treatment of the

The Harmful Side Effects of Cancer Treatments
Cancer treatments helpful or harmful
When a person gets a diagnosis of cancer their first thought is of dying. The second is the extreme debilitating treatments they must endure to hopefully
extend their lives. When they are faced with this decision they know it is a battle between two evils. My mother–in–law is battling thyroid and breast
cancer, and having endured two surgeries says the treatments are the worst part of the battle. "So while oncology physicians may tout cancer treatments
as the only hope for recovery, there is a possibility that these treatments do more harm than good."
There are several treatment options in the fight against cancer (surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplant and bone marrow and
cord blood transplants etc.) The two most commonly used treatments are chemotherapy that uses drugs to destroy cancer cells, and radiation therapy
that uses high–energy radiation to kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA. Aside from killing cancer cells treatment's cause many more problems for
the patient, including treatment induced diseases and death.
Cancer treatments can cause physical, emotional and financial problems for the patient. "In a telephone interview study done and posted in the Journal
of clinical oncology (Mazor KM, et.al; 2012) (p.1784–90) 416 patients were interviewed out of those ninety–three believed something had gone wrong
in their care. Things that they believe were preventable and caused or could have

Metastases To The Spine: A Case Study
Metastases to the spine represent a challenging problem in an oncology practice. Treatment decisions require multidisciplinary review. Radiation
therapy remains the primary treatment for metastatic spinal tumor, but advances in radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery have changed the
roles of each and lead to improved patient outcomes. Regardless of the treatment, diagnosis and treatment before the development of significant
neurologic and functional deficits improve outcomes. Physician awareness and appropriate imaging greatly assist in the early detection of tumor. Spine
tumors comprise a small percentage of reasons for back pain and other symptoms originating in the spine. The majority of the tumors involving the
spinal column are

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer : The Global Cancer Incidence Essay
"Excluding non–melanoma skin cancer, the global cancer incidence has increased from 12.7 million in 2008 to 14.1 million in 2012, and the
expected trend is an increase in new cases to close to 25 million over the next two decades" (De Mello, Tavares, Mountzios). Now, in 2016, the trend is
continuing to climb. With that number of people being diagnosed with cancer, it's just common sense that we need more and more people to help them
fight the cancer. Those who are diagnosed are dependent on oncologists. The need for oncologists is higher than ever and is continuing to increase
each year. This paper will explain what oncology is, what several of the different types of oncologists, and the education requirements to become a
certified oncologist.
Oncology is simply the study of cancer. Once an individual is diagnosed with cancer, they then have to acquire an oncologist or "a specialist doctor
trained in the management of cancers" (Srivastava). Many people are diagnosed with cancer each day and turn to oncologists to manage and treat
their cancer. Without oncologists, thousands of people would die daily due to cancer. The study of oncology emcompasses all types of cancer.
Oncologists treat the common cancers like breast cancer and leukemia while also treating the less talked about cancers like renal cell carcinoma
(kidney cancer). The demand for oncologists is high (as seen in Figure One) which means people must be educated on the types of and hopefully step
in and

Reflective Practice in Oncology Nursing
Name of Programme:
BSc (Hons) Nursing
Student Name: Siti Aminah Ariffin
Student Number: J9168783
Name of Module
Acute Medical Care management
Module Code:
SDH 3010–N
Module leader:
Leslie Inayatullah
Assignment title Reflective Essay
Date of submission
10th September 2010
Word count: 3485 words
Nursing as a profession is committed to the care of patients and families throughout health and illness and across all setting of care. Nurses assess and
plan care to deal with the multidimensional range of needs for those faced with cancer. Nurses have been integrally concerned in efforts focused on
cancer prevention, and they also are essential in the emerging area of clinical heredity for prevention and early ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The chemotherapeutic agents should be administered in a calm environment, and all chemotherapy waste and equipment must be discarded in

designated waste container. The precaution must be considered to prevent exposure poses additional risks to female reproductive health, including
ectopic pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, and fetal abnormalities. What are we practicing right now; follow the guideline that has been
implementing by oncology nursing practice society updated by 2004. However, awareness and staff education about self protection, patients safety due
to their immune system very low or very prone to infection is the most significant factor should be considered, is to promote and increase our patient's
health.
Somehow not only drugs but other option to treats tumour for targeted therapy oncologist will used radiation which radioactive rays are used to cure or
palliate cancers. The objective is to deliver a therapeutic dose of radiation to the malignant tissue, leaving healthy, surrounding tissues unharmed.
Radiation therapy is used to treat many cancers, including cancers of bone, brain, breast, cervix, lymphoid tissues, and uterus. By then, from diagnosis
through end of life, nurses play an obscure role in enhancing the quality of life of the patients especially which has undergone the treatment or newly
diagnosed. Nurses are in a unique position to manipulate both the physiologic

Reflection Paper On Oncology
Bryce Dunlap
Ms. Thompson
Gep 101
November 20, 2017
It all began in 2013. It was a completely normal day. I woke up and followed my daily routine: brush my teeth, put on my clothes, and went to school.
Little did I know, that would be the day that changed everything. I found out that my uncle Danny had been diagnosed with lung cancer. The chemo
originally worked and he went into remission. After a few months of remission, the doctors said he would have a few months to live. After he passed
away, I couldn't talk to him. I couldn't see him anymore. He was just gone. Cancer ended the life of someone very precious to me and his death
sparked the beginning of my desire to battle this disease.
When making a list of what I already knew about oncology, I found that there was very little I knew about this topic. I knew that there were three
main types of oncologists: medical, surgical, and radiation. Those different types of oncologists treat cancer patients by using chemotherapy,
biopsies, and radiation therapy. In addition to his information, I knew that oncology was among the top ten most competitive degrees of study in the
United States. Once I came to the realization of how little I knew, I wrote a list of what I wanted to know about this career. I wished to know what
the salary and work schedule was like. What education or training would I be required to attain? As well as what was the work environment like for
an oncologist? What job duties would I be responsible for? Even

Medical Physics Personal Statement
At a time when it was popular practice for kids growing up in my country to aspire to become doctors, lawyers and engineers, for no rational
reasons owing to naivetГ© that comes with such tender ages, I had known I wanted to save lives. I just didn't know in what capacity it would be. I
can safely say that I grew up faster than most children my age, I had known what it meant to lose a father at six, I had seen an aunt die of what they
said was cancer at ten. I had also known the frustration of not being able to do anything to save both. And of course, I couldn't have. I am a grown man
now, equipped with the rationality that comes with education, and most importantly the informed will to save the world. And I have found an
important tool in Medical Physics.
Early in life, I developed an aversion for linearity of mind. As I grew to grasp the concepts of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, I discovered what I call
the harmony of science. I realized that scientific problems were best solved via a holistic, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The result of the research, which employed the instrumentation of gamma spectroscopy at the Centre for Energy and Research Development (CERD)
located at the Obafemi Awolowo University, showed elevated levels of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium.
This aroused my fascination, in that I never sthought it possible that a seemingly harmless substance like clean water could be of serious health
significance. It made me conclude that clean water, although odorless, colorless and tasteless, is not necessary healthy water. As I yearned for a
deeper understanding of the subject of Medical Physics, i got enrolled into a Master of Science degree in program Medical Physics, again, at the
prestigious Obafemi Awolowo University,

Cancer And Its Effects On Cancer
Cancer is one of the most ambiguous diseases. As Jenny Phillips, a researcher in the thoracic oncology field, said, "I think the thing you need to know
most about cancer is that we don't know that much about it." Yes, it is known that cancer is the uncontrollable division of abnormal cells, but how can
it be stopped? That is the question. There are a number of treatments for this disease. There are the traditional treatments: chemotherapy, radiation, and
surgery. There are also nontraditional treatments such as the use of oncolytic viruses, acupuncture, and the targeting of matrices. Aside from these
treatments, are some other treatments that have recently been on the rise: personalized medicine, targeted therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery.
However, despite the number of treatments available for cancer, it is yet to be determined which is the most effective. Part of the problem lies in the
fact that cancer is an individualized illness; each cancer is different and acts differently. Gliomas are difficult to treat due to the low accessibility of
tumors inside the brain due to the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Lung cancer can be difficult to treat, because blood flow to the lungs is very different
from that of other organs in the body (Jenny Phillips). In addition to the specifics of each location of the body, each person is different and has a
unique genetic make up. This means each cancer will manifest within a certain set of genes which makes the task of finding a

Cancer In High School
Cancer is an incurable disease, but as a community, there are many ways we can help the those diagnosed in their journey through school. Cancer
knocks on almost everyone's front door at one point or another. Having a child with this disease can be hard for not just the child but also the families
and the peers that know the child. Of course it is not an easy task for a child with cancer to come back to school after treatment or even stay in school
during chemo/radiation but there are an abundance of options for these students. Teachers help this transition in ways unimaginable from sending work
home, making videos for the student or helping the homebound teacher, the student is able to cope and stay up to date with his or her classmates. We...
As C. Schwartz explains in his article, "Continuing School During Treatment", hospital schools are required by many states and are staffed by
certified teachers that keep the student up to date with what is currently going on back at the student's original school. Homebound teachers are also
an option but the homebound teacher's responsibility is only to give the student the work he or she would have done in school that day and explain
what to do. No teaching is used from the homebound teacher. Virtual schools are an option, they seem to be a great option because the student can
call and speak to a real teacher when the student is stuck on a problem. Creative arts are an excellent option that keep students fitting in and creating
more friends. As Alicia Stanislaw, nurse at West Caldwell High School who has a oncology degree, says when asked the question, "How is coming
back to school difficult for a student who might have been in advanced classes before being diagnosed?" She says that students post chemotherapy or
radiation tend to be at a slower processing rate and have a slower reaction time compared to before. She also says the reason behind that the slower
processing time is due to the high rate of chemotherapy childhood cancer patients deal with during the first three months of being diagnosed. This
period is called *******, after the *** period

CIPN Essay
Educational Opportunities for Cancer Patients at Risk for Chemotherapy–induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Chapter One: Introduction
Purpose
Chemotherapy–induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can be a severe, dose–limiting toxicity caused by the administration of the chemotherapeutics
and anti–cancer biologics used to treat an individual's cancer. The purpose of the paper is to explore the effectiveness of different treatment options for
the prevention and treatment of CIPN. Additionally, this paper will determine which established assessment tools are best to evaluate CIPN in the
oncology patient. Once these methods are identified, they can then be incorporated into the plan of care for at risk patients. A patient's education
related to CIPN ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These symptoms, in some cases, may also occur concurrently significantly compounding the patient's ability to perform simple activities of daily living.
Although symptoms usually progress slowly and increasingly becomes more severe, they could also occur spontaneously (National Comprehensive
Cancer Network, 2017). However, of significant importance is the dose–limiting potential of CIPN. As the neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy
accumulate the neuropathy intensifies and spreads from the fingers and toes to the arms and legs. This escalation of symptoms could lead to treatment
delays, dose reductions, or if severe enough the patient's ability to complete treatment (Stubblefield et al., 2009). This, in turn, could increase the
morbidity and mortality of the oncology patient who is depending on a predetermined course of treatment for a successful outcome.
Certain chemotherapeutic and biologic agents make individuals more at risk for CIPN. Some of these include, but are not limited, to platinum
compounds, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and certain anti–cancer biologics such as lenalidomide and bortezomib (Piccolo and Kolesar, 2014). Additionally,
certain patients are at even greater risk for developing CIPN than others. This includes patients that have a history of diabetes, HIV, alcohol abuse, and
vitamin B deficiency; as well as those with malnutrition, previous chemotherapy, or radiation treatment,

The Oncologist
Many would say that cancer is a very complex disease, but others would argue that it is far more than that. By others, I mean the doctors who actually
deal with many patients day after day. By doctors, I mean the oncologists. An oncologist is the physician who studies cancerous tumors. They diagnose
and treat cancerous cells as well. They are the doctors that make cancer patients look forward to another day. Oncology is a profession with unlimited
opportunities for both men and women. As an oncologist, you experience respect, demand for your services, and the chance to change someone's life.
One exciting and important part of being an oncologist is quick thinking. Quick thinking allows oncologists to make the most of their occupation ...
It takes a lot of strength and courage to be an oncologist. There are a lot of things that I didn't know before my research. For instance, I always
thought that there was only one type of oncologist, but there are many different types. There are pediatric oncologists, who care for the youth
who are diagnosed with the disease, and then there are radiation oncologists, who specialize in treating the cancer with radiation therapies and
methods. The research I have done throughout this project has opened my eyes to an even more diverse world of oncology. What I did not know,
but know now has made me even more curious about how life would be as an oncologist. I have discovered that throughout this project, I am the
type of person who is fascinated with the many diseases in the world. Diseases fascinate me because I, one day, would like to be the physician who
actually finds a cure. Cancer, however, is quite different and intensifies my rage to find a cure. Cancer is the disease that continues to end the lives
of others, and I am determined to bring it to an end. The research done throughout this project has really changed my attitude toward the future. It
has made me look at the works of an oncology in such a different way. This project has opened my eyes and made me really believe that I want to
be an oncologist. It has made me finally make up my mind and want to be a successful oncologist. The result of this research is that I want to be a
cure finder and I

Aim And Scope Essay
Aim & Scope
Recent Research in Oncology and Treatment is a medical journal that addresses to educate the health professionals and specialists about the standard,
quality and value of care and development in science, and health services research to be provided to patients suffering from cancer.
It is an Open access scholarly journal that publishes the outright and dependable source of knowledge and information on the discoveries, current
developments and disclosure in the mode of Book Review, Case Report, Clinical Trial, Correction, Data Report, Editorial, General Commentary,
Hypothesis & Theory, Methods, Mini Review, Opinion, Original Research, Perspective, Review, Specialty Grand Challenge, Technology Report,
Protocols, Clinical Study Protocol

Service Line Development Task 2
When analyzing the community health assessment several risks and weakness are identified. There are a few risks and weakness with the current
state of Oncology Services. With physicians practices already at capacity there is no room to handle the current and future demand for these services.
With an aging population new cancer cases are expected to increase by 34 % in five years. Higher smoking rates also contribute to new cancer
diagnosis. Another risk is the equipment to diagnose and treat cancer is not keeping up with patient volume. This could be due to antiquated equipment
that takes longer to scan patients therefore delaying results and sometimes requiring additional scanning. Additionally, poorly coordination of services
by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As with cancer and orthopedics there will be a large increase in demand for cardiovascular services in the next five years. As obesity increase there
will be an increase in high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes which will lead to an increase in cardiovascular services. A risk would be not
securing the funding to add the additional cath labs, surgical suites, and cardiac rehab program. Without these services the hospitals will not be able
accommodate the growth. Another risk is recruiting enough qualified physicians to provide care to the growing population. Because no emphasis is
placed on education cardiac risk factors, healthy living, and lifestyle modification the demand for these services will increase dramatically becoming a
weakness of the hospital.
Currently there is no formal oncology, orthopedic, or cardiology programs at Trinity although there are a few orthopedic surgeons and cardiologists
that maintain privileges at the hospital. There are no cancer specialists that practice at the hospital but a group composed of eight medical oncologists
and two radiation oncologists has expressed interest in an affiliation to develop a cancer program. Should the hospital decide to develop this program
there is adequate vacant space on the campus that is suitable for medical and radiation oncology. Currently the hospital is not addressing the needs of
the community

Cancer Is One Of The Biggest Burdens That The World Has
Cancer is one of the biggest burdens that the world has to face daily. According to the National Cancer Institute, in 2012, 14 million new cases of
cancer were established and 8.2 million cancer–related deaths worldwide ("Cancer Statistics"). Sadly, the number of new cancer cases and deaths will
only be increasing as the years go on. Cancer has such an impacting effect on everyone, whether a loved one, yourself, or someone you knew has been
affected by this disease. Due to this, I want to join the battle of beating cancer, so I am looking to further my education into radiation therapy for my
future occupation. However, after researching more about this profession, I realized there are numerous ways and kinds of treatment that patients can ...
After further research, the researchers stated:
Our findings need to be verified in a larger number of patients, but they suggest that individuals younger than age 54, those with ependymomas, and
those treated with photon–based therapy versus proton–beam treatment have better overall survival, said principal investigator Dr. Arnab Chakravarti,
chairman and professor of radiation oncology, and co–director of the brain tumor program at the Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center at Arthur G.
James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute ("Photons vs. Protons in Radiation Therapy").
There are millions of patient success stories from treating their cancer with photon radiation therapy, but several experts have concerns about the effect
on the body overall.
Health concerns arise because photon radiation therapy does attack and kill cancer cells, but it also can damage healthy cells. Concerns especially
arise for breast cancer patients receiving treatment. Doctors are conflicted and concerned because the radiation energy for these patients can exit the
breasts and pass through the heart or lungs, which could permanently damage them or lead to heart or lung complications ("Radiation Therapy:
Photons vs Protons"). The damage done to the healthy tissues can also cause side effects. Every person's side effects vary, but some examples of them
are fatigue, sensitive skin, hair loss, and eating problems

technology Essays
THURSDAY, July 21 (HealthDay News)–– Following surgery, a single dose of the cancer drug carboplatin is just as effective, and less toxic, than the
standard three weeks of radiation therapy traditionally used to fight stage 1 seminoma, a form of testicular cancer, British researchers report.
In addition, treatment with carboplatin results in the development of fewer new seminomas compared with traditional radiation therapy, according to
the report in the July 23 issue of The Lancet.
For the past half–century, the standard care for seminoma has been to remove the cancerous testicle, usually followed by three weeks of radiotherapy.
However, the researchers point to previous studies that found that patients followed for up to 30 years ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"We also found a very exciting effect," Oliver added. "For patients treated with carboplatin, there are 72 percent less tumors of the
same sort in the other testis compared with radiation treatment," he said, meaning that "we may be able to reduce the necessity of taking
the whole testicle."
The advantage of carboplatin treatment is that it is quick, effective and less toxic compared with radiation. "It means one day as an outpatient
for a short drip in the arm," Oliver said. "You go home and sleep it off over the weekend and can be back to work after that, whereas with
radiation you have to have three weeks of treatments."
Experts think the findings may turn carboplatin treatment into a viable new option for testicular cancer patients. "Traditionally, radiation has
been used, and it's a long haul. And it has some major side effects," said Dr. Herman Kattlove, a medical oncologist and spokesman for the
American Cancer Society. "A single dose of carboplatin is pretty easy. They give that to 80–year–olds," he added.
"If I were in practice I would definitely use this approach," Kattlove said.
The three–year study follow–up used to track the recurrence of seminoma is a little short, cautioned Dr. Philip Kantoff, a professor of oncology at
Dana–Farber Cancer

Radiation versus Chemotherapy in the Elderly with Breast...
Radiation versus Chemotherapy in the Elderly with Breast Cancer In clinical practice today the population is increasing in the number of elderly
patients, as is the occurrence of breast cancer in women 60 years of age and older. According to Tang et al. (2011) the occurrence of breast cancer
in women 65 years old and older is greater than "400 cases per 100, 000 women" (p. 3). The appropriate treatment options for the elderly are not as
standard as those for a younger generation related to the effects the aging process has on the body. Secondary conditions such as congestive heart
failure (CHF), diabetes mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and the effects of treatment on functionality are also
considered when... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each body system in the body undergoes physiologic changes, according to Lilley, Rainforth Collins, and Snyder (2014) the physiologic changes
are as follows: the cardiovascular system exhibits decreased cardiac output and decreased blood flow that subsequently affect the absorption and
distribution of pharmacological therapies. The gastrointestinal (GI) system has an increase in pH and decrease in peristalsis resulting in delayed
gastric emptying and altering absorption of therapies such as chemo. The hepatic system has decreased enzyme production and blood flow causing
decreased metabolism. The renal system has decreased blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as well as decreased functional ability
resulting in decreased excretion (Lilley et al., 2014). According to Komen (2009) side effects from radiation therapy will vary related to the area
treated and may include skin irritation, breast changes or swelling, fatigue, dry cough or difficulty swallowing, and lymphedema. The American Society
for Clinical Oncology (2013) go on to add more specific side effects such as with the skin itching, dryness, blistering, and peeling. They also mention
long term side effects such as developing a secondary cancer from the radiation treatment although the risk is low and the benefits for treating the
current cancer greatly outweigh the risk. Another more site specific side effect

Radiation Therapy Treatment Plan
My patient currently had breast cancer, after receiving radiation therapy. She started to have issues with the quality of saliva production. She is having
difficulties with dry mouth, or in other words xerostomia, caused by the radiation therapy given to the head and neck area. It is not uncommon that
patients receiving radiation therapy to the head and neck area experience a decrease in saliva flow. Studies have shown that saliva flow during
radiation therapy actually increases, due to the salivary glands being irritated by the radiation; however, once treatment has ended the salivary glands
are relieved and decrease (OncoLink, 2014). The saliva dramatically decreases leaving the individual with temporary or permanent xerostomia.
Enzymes in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She is currently not on any medication and has great oral hygiene habits; visiting the dentist regularly, brushes twice a day, flosses daily, and has no
current missing teeth. For her treatment plan, before radiation therapy. I would give her a chart of what foods to eat and stay away from for dry
mouth. High protein foods that will help with dry mouth include; red meats, fish, and chicken. Drink plenty of water and milk shakes while
avoiding; acidic drinks, alcohol, and caffeine. While staying away from spicy and salty foods such as; crackers, cookies, ketchup, and hot sauces.
Also, to chew sugar free gum to stimulate the salivary glands (Grignetti Dominique, 2014). If her conditions continue the Dr. could prescribe
medication. Prescribed mouth rinses can help stimulate saliva flow, such as Hyetellose, Hyprolose, or Carmellose. Also, medication can be prescribed
to stimulate the salivary glands to produce artificial saliva such as, Salagen or Evoxa (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). To avoid future
dental problems, I would recommend regular check–ups every three months. I would recommend my patient to soak her soft–bristle toothbrush in
warm water and brush her teeth after every meal. I would stress that she needs to sip water often throughout the day. Rinsing her mouth after every
meal and avoiding mouth washes that contain alcohol are very important. I would also recommend purchasing a cool mist humidifier to use at night to
moister, reducing dry air (OraCoatDry,

Medical Oncologist Research Paper
Being told the dreadful news that you have cancer can be the worst feeling you'll ever have, and this is where oncologists come in to play. Oncology is
simply the study and treatment of cancer, and oncologists are doctors who specializes in treating patients with cancer. There are three generalg types of
oncologists: medical, surgical, and radiation oncologists. These different types of oncologists often work together to create an effective treatment for
the patient. A medical oncologist specializes in treating a patient withcancer through chemotherapy and other strong medications. Surgical oncologists
specializes in the removal of a tumor and surrounding tissues during an operation, and radiation oncologists treat patients with radiation ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first step is to prepare the port, which is metal resorvoir–like appliance that is surgically inserted into the chest area (below the collarbone).
Connected to the port is a cathether that travels up to the neck and sutured into a large vein (usually the jugular vein, subclavian vein, or superior
vena cava). This is done by applying a topical anesthetic, called lidocaine, onto the are the port is located which can be distinguished as a "bump"
on the skin. It takes approximately one hour for the cream to effectively numb the area. In the meantime, the patient's vital signs can be observed
and taken. After the lidocaine comes to effect, excess cream is removed and the skin is disinfected with alcohol wipes and ChloraPrepВ®
(antibacterial). While the disinfectants are drying, a needle is prepared by flushing the syringe, making sure no air is introduced. Then the patient is
told to take a deep breath while the needle is inserted into the area where the port is. To check if the needle was inserted correctly, the nurse will
attempt to draw a small amount of blood with the same syringe. If blood is visible in the tube, then the needle has been inserted correctly and the fluid
is flushed back into the body and the area is dressed. Before the actual chemo treatment, premedication is given through the port to reduce anxiety and
pain and may take up

The And Drug Administration ( Fda )
Background and Introduction:
Clinical trials evaluating the use of Yttrium–90 (Y–90) transarterial radioembolization for hepatic tumors date back to the 1960s. The U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of TheraSphereВ® (BTG, Ontario, Canada) particles for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via
humanitarian device exemption (HDE) in 1999 and SIR–SpheresВ® (SIRTex Technology Pty, Lane Cove, Australia) particles for colorectalcancer
metastases in 2002. Since then....[talk more about recent vents in the field]. Transarterial radioembolization has been reported to improve overall
survival to 15.4–17.2 months (1). The burgeoning use of Y–90 radioembolization in the treatment of liver tumors requires interventional radiologists to
make clear documentation in procedure reports in order to obtain authorization and maximize reimbursement.
Traditionally, interventional radiologists performed arterial embolization while radiation oncologists brachytherapy. However, Y
–90 radioembolization
unites both these disciplines via Y–90 microspheres that are placed intra–arterially by an interventional radiologist. Over the past decade, interventional
radiologists have been performing increasing numbers of radioembolization procedures in treatment of intermediate to advanced stage liver–only or
liver–dominant hepatic malignancy. [include statistic] However, unlike more traditional interventional oncologic procedures, Y–90 radioembolization
requires more comprehensive initial

Oncology Clinical Nurse Essay
Growing up, I have had to endure the loss of many family members to the devastating disease we all know as cancer. My family history varies from
the different types of the illness from lung cancer, leukemia, breast cancer, ovarian, and so on. My mother and grandmothers on my mother's and
father's sides suffered from ovarian, leukemia, and breast cancer respectively. I have seen the horrible effects it has on the victim and their families,
and knowing that pain and grief personally, makes me believe that I would be a great nurse in oncology. I want to help those going through what could
be some of the toughest times in their lives if not the toughest. An Oncology Clinical Nurse (OCN) is someone who has training in the treatment of
those diagnosed with cancer and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An ONCC has many jobs, responsibilities, and duties to uphold and respect to be able to operate efficiently, much like other healthcare professions.
Considering this career choice, I learned that I must be a Registered Nurse (RN) that is currently in practice and liscensed by the state I'm working in,
a four–year Bachelor's of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree, and, depending on my location, a particular amount of contact hours within a cancer
care facility to obtain skills in the care of cancer patients. Along with the required skills and certification that an OCN needs, there are optional
certificates that a nurse can acquire. Certified Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurse (CPHON), Advanced Oncology Certified Clinical Nurse
Specialist (AOCNS), Certified Breast Care Nurse (CBCN), and Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) are a few of those
optional certifications. An OCN has many jobs and responsibilities that she/he must be prepared to take and complete to the best of his/her abilities.
Some of these jobs include creating individualized care

Why I Want To Pursue A Career In Radiation Oncology
I would like to be considered for the D.Phil. position in Radiation Oncology at the University of Oxford and hope to demonstrate my ability to excel in
this position. I am hard–working and extremely keen to pursue a career in science and would be well suited to undertake a D.Phil. in the field of
Radiation Oncology. I am clinically qualified as my undergraduate was in Medicine and Surgery, following my graduation I chose to pursue a career in
cancer sciences so I joined university of Glasgow (MSc Cancer sciences). My undergraduate study was composed of two parts, the first three years
were dedicated to basic medical sciences while the latter three years were clinically oriented as the teaching was conducted in a variety of supervised
inpatient and outpatient settings. My post–graduate study at the University of Glasgow has prepared me for this position as it involved a great deal of
independent research, requiring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my home country, Jordan, Cancer is the second leading cause of death placing a great pressure on the health system. Therefore, more researches into
the different fields of oncology are urgently needed to enhance the outcome of treatment. My interest in perusing a research degree in the field of
Radiation Oncology is driven by my belief that research into Radiation oncology is a cornerstone in improving patients outcomes, for example,
understanding the molecular and cellular response to radiotherapy, will help to identify novel targets that can be combined with radiotherapy to
improve treatment outcome. Unfortunately, Jordan is missing this opportunity despite the availability of sufficient funding and infrastructure, although
the reason behind this is most likely to be multifactorial, I think one of the critical reasons would be the lack of researchers in this

Oncology : Beating Cancer One Day At A Time Essay
Oncology: Beating Cancer One Day at a Time It is a world epidemic, "the second leading cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart
disease."(CDC, Statistics for Different Kinds of Cancer). Bringing not only physical dame but as well as psychological damage. I'm speaking of
course on cancer. Cancer affects the lives of millions on this world. One day you might see a cancer patient high in spirits, feeling great to be alive,
while he next day you may see them broken asking themselves, why are they alive. Oncologist are a group of medical professionals that lead the
fight against cancer. Working day in and day out, as they work with the patient, to prevent, to treat, to find a cure for. They are the heros of the
world, even with fatal losses on their watch, they still come back more determined to save the world from this epidemic. This career path proves to
be beneficial in this world to not only impact lives to keep on fighting, it even helps save lives physically and spiritually. This is why I have chosen
this career. It is urgent to obtain knowledge of the oncologist career path, understanding its origin, requirements to be one, outlook and even overall
description of the job. For as the reader, this information might contribute to your opinion on the necessity of this career.
Oncology: The job
Oncologist works at least 30 hours a week according to the Medscape Oncologist Compensation Report: 2012 Report (Medscape). They perform a high
amount of tasks

Can Exercise As A Form Of Fatigue Management Reduce Cancer...
can exercise as a form of fatigue management reduce cancer related fatigue In oncology patients compared to no fatigue management?
There will be approximately 19 million cancer survivors in the U.S. by the year 2022 (The American Cancer Society, 2014).
A cancer survivor is considered anyone diagnosed with cancer, from date of diagnosis until death (The American Cancer Society, 2014).
Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) is be the most distressing side effect associated with cancer therapy, while pain is the most feared side effect (Yeo &
Cannaday, 2015).
80% to 100% of individuals with cancer state they suffer with fatigue (Oncology Nursing Society, 2016).
A persistently, distressing individual sense of physical, emotional and/or cognitive exhaustion not related to activity and inhibits usual functioning (Yeo
& Cannaday, 2015).
Tiredness not preceded by activity, not relieved by rest and may become worse with rest (Berger, Gerber, & Mayer, 2012).
Multifaceted
The cancer itself
Cancer treatment, radiation and chemotherapy
Anemia
Pain medications
Anorexia
Immune system dysfunctions
Insomnia
Cognitive dysfunction
(Yeo & Cannaday, 2015).
In oncology patients, what is the effect of exercise as a form of fatigue management compared to no fatigue management?
As an evidenced–based practice, exercise is an important addition to a cancer patients routine. It will aid in alleviating cancer related fatigue, and may

have additional health benefits as well
Cancer

Breast Cancer Synthesis Essay
During the course of breast cancer treatments, most patients will undergo radiotherapy. Many women who undergo radiation therapy may develop a
skin reaction in the area receiving radiation. The reaction is like sunburn, the skin turns pink or red and there also maybe peeling. The effect of
deodorant on breast cancer therapy has generated significant interest in Oncology and in the scientific community. While the exact mechanism linking
deodorant use to skin toxicity is yet to be determined there are two hypothesis. One hypothesis involves deodorant acting to increase the concentration
of the radiation applied to skin and the other focuses on an adverse reaction between the metallic components and the external radiotherapy. Hardefeldt,
Edirimanne, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Purpose of the study was to determine the use of both aluminum–containing and non–aluminum containing deodorant on axillary skin toxicity during
external beam radiotherapy. It has been suggested that increased radiation toxicity include the deposition of aluminum salts that might affect surface
radiation dose, a bolus effect from the aluminum on the skin and chemical irritation. In the past women have been advised not to wear deodorant, it has
been the standard of practice during the post operative radiation therapy, however many women feel uncomfortable with this. The study used objective
measurements of skin reactions, symptom reports, sweating and a validated quality of life questionnaire. The ipsilateral axilla of the breast or chest
wall being treated was assessed every week by using the Radiation Therapy Oncology group (RTOG) acute skin toxicity scale. Quality of life was
evaluated during the first and the last week of treatment. One month after their final radiation therapy treatment, phone call was made to patients at
home and asked to complete the questionnaire. The result is that the study found no evidence that the use of either aluminum–containing or
non–aluminum containing deodorant effected axillary skin reaction.
Does our population

Roles Of Oncologists In The United States
An oncology is branch in medicine that studies tumors and cancer. An oncologists is a medical professional who studies and practices oncology.
There are many great oncologists all over the world but there are some that have been recognized in the United States. Here are some of the
oncologists that have been recognized: Dr. Daniel Sasha, Dr. CHristopher Rose, Dr. Gopal K. Bajaj and Dr. Anil Dolph. They have all been
recognized because of the amazing care they have given their patients and they have helped their patients pull through one of the hardests times in their
lives. There are many different types of oncology fields including ocular, which deals with the eyes. A few other fields include; pediatric which deals
with children, gynecologic

The Intern Is Responsible For Counseling And Assisting
The client system is the individual, group, or community that the intern is responsible for counseling and assisting. In this case, the intern is
considered a case manager and is stationed on the oncology unit at Catawba Valley Medical Center. Generally, case managers work with patients,
one–on–one, at the micro level. The intern's most dominant intervention is discharge planning. Discharge planning is a process that is used to help
transition a patient from one level of care to the next, as smoothly as possible.
However, the intern's role as case manager also involves more than just discharge planning. The intern also receives referrals to counsel oncology
patients who have been screened with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's (NCCN) Distress Test Thermometer. Currently, at Catawba Valley
Medical Center the facility is piloting the Distress Test Thermometer in order to identify the psychosocial needs of cancer patients.
a.Describe the agency and, if applicable, the unit and/or program.
In order to understand the intern's role, one must understand the hospital where the intern is located. Catawba Valley Medical Center (CVMC) is a
non–profit community hospital that works to improve Catawba County and other surrounding counties. CVMC, and its affiliates', main purpose is to
provide quality health care as well as promote the physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional well–being of the public ("Mission Statement", 2014, p. 1).
In addition, CVMC works to

The, The Most Deadly Disease Of Mankind : Cancer
Oncologist treats the most deadly disease to mankind: cancer. It is not 100% curable. Oncologists take risks by treating and taking care of patients
with cancer. Oncology is a great career because a person can make a lot of money, saves many lives, and it is a goal for some people to achieve. Cancer
starts when something goes wrong with a person cells; either they die or they start to grow wrong. This forms a tumor. ("How Cancer Starts.") Cancer
was first known about sometime 2650 to 1950 B.C. (Wagener.) on a papyri (a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant,
used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats.) ... Show more
(Wagener) They started to better themselves by the 18th century, when medical research was more popular. (Wagener.) They started to use
microscopes, which helped identify the new cancer tissue. Jean Godithot built the first cancer hospital in Rheims. (Wagener.) "The oldest therapy for
cancer is surgery." (Wagener) "The first successful pneumonectomy for lung cancer happens in the United States in 1933". (Wagener) The
technology for cancer treatment grew rapidly after World War I. (Wagener.) Cancer tissues are not different from other tissues. (Wagener.) Cancer
tissues come from a dead or unusual cell that goes into a normal tissue. (Wagener.) An oncologist is a very important job and has several important
jobs especially helping people emotionally. (Moryl.) When dealing with patients doctors have to be prepared and usually go through some kind of
training, to explain to their patients their outcome. (Moryl.) Oncologist have to explain what type of disease they have, what is the percentage of
them living or not, and if the can cure the disease or not. (Moryl.) The oncologist has to say these things in the least possible hurtful way and under the
circumstances of their patients. (Moryl.) The doctors actually have to try their best in the end of their patients' death. (Moryl.) Until there is no more
chances, opportunities, or hope. That is why it have varies of oncologist psychosocial to specialize in

Latest Cancer Advancement
Latest Advancements in Cancer Treatment Baltimore
If you or your loved one has a cancer diagnosis, you want to find the best treatment possible. Understandably, this can be overwhelming. The good news
is treatments and technologies advance quickly. When researching treatment options, you'll want the most accurate and recent knowledge. To help,
we've compiled information about the latest cancer treatments in greater Baltimore so you can make informed decisions and find the expert care you
and your family deserve.
Types of Cancer Treatment
When first considering cancer treatment plans, it helps to understand your general options. Types of cancer treatment can be categorized into four
modalities: Medical, surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy. Examples of medical options include chemical medicines, immunotherapy, and biological
/endocrine therapy. Many surgical options can be minimally invasive and utilize modern technologies to better suit the patient's personalized treatment
plan. While you may have heard of radiation and chemotherapy, you may not realize the recent advancements that improve these therapies, creating
healthy, successful outcomes every day.
Latest Cancer Treatment Baltimore (http://www.medstarfranklinsquare.org)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many hospitals in the greater Baltimore area use CyberKnife to provide a non–invasive substitute for surgery. Despite the name, CyberKnife involves
no cutting, scalpels, knives, or pain. It's a technologically sophisticated system which applies strong radiation with pinpoint accuracy to treat cancerous
tumors. Some tumors may be impossible or impractical to operate, or you may want to explore alternatives to surgery. CyberKnife offers a painless

Essay On Mesothelioma
Advances being made in mesothelioma treatment
For current mesothelioma patients and the 3,000 new cases diagnosed each year, there is some hope, in the form of recent advances that allow
specialists to take a more curative approach and enable patients to live longer, higher quality lives.
While the typical mesothelioma patient lives an average of nine to 12 months after diagnosis, there are mesothelioma survivors today living much
longer: three, five, or 10 or more years after undertaking aggressive, multidisciplinary treatment.
Emerging mesothelioma therapies
While current treatment approaches of surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiation have significantly extended the lives of mesothelioma
sufferers, there are emerging treatments being used in clinical trials that have shown greater promise.
These include:
Gene therapy
Immunotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
Virotherapy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal is to inhibit mesothelioma's spread. According to the AmericanCancer Society, adding these new genes to mesothelioma cancer cells makes
them easier to kill.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy uses the body's immune system to fight against mesothelioma. This therapy has been used successfully when combined with other
treatment options. And unlike other treatments, there are no toxic side effects.
There are at least 20 immunotherapy clinical trials and studies underway. One of these is at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam. Scientists there
are now able to grow cancer cells in a lab that they can program for destruction by patients' immune systems. Nine patients with mesothelioma will
initially be treated by this method. If the treatment is successful, more patients will be eligible for treatment next year.
Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy uses light energy and drugs that react specifically to that energy to kill cancer cells. It is in the early stages of testing for
efficacy against

Oncology Career Essay
"A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself." – Joseph Campbell. The medical specialty in which I have chosen
to dedicate this essay is the field of Oncology. I have chosen to begin with the quote above because I feel that it describes the true identity of an
oncologist. I admire the strength and endurance it takes for them to deal with such a life changing disease every day.
The field of oncology has three major areas: medical, surgical, and radiation. Once a patient has been diagnosed with cancer, they are referred to a
medical oncologist. The oncologist will begin by explaining in detail the diagnosis and stage. Next, the oncologist will explain all relevant treatment
options, giving their professional opinion in which will bring about the best results for the patient. They will also help the patient to manage
cancer–related pain and other symptoms, and will do their best to control treatment related side effects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first step to becoming an Oncologist is to earn a Bachelor's degree. Following this, they will have to complete the MCAT (Medical College
Admissions Test), and should then apply to a medical school program. After graduating from medical school, the student moves onto a 3–4 year
residency, which is when they will explore the different fields of oncology and choose their sub–specialty. Next, they will go on to pursue a fellowship
in the sub–specialty they have chosen, leading to the final step, which is to obtain a license and become board certified. Most oncologists start
their careers in hospitals, and once established, move on to work in a private practice. As of 2015, here in Canada we have a total of 517 Medical
Oncologists, 13 of which work right here in Nova Scotia. In 1995, there were just over 200 Oncologists in Canada, so as you can see, this number has
continued to grow every

Being Diagnosed With Brain Cancer
Being diagnosed with brain cancer can be a very frightful and stressful situation. Upon receiving a diagnosis, a patient must choose where they will
seek treatment. As the National Brain Tumor Society explains in the article "Treatment Options", there are different factors that go into selecting an
appropriate treatment facility; some of which include age, over all health, and medical history. A patient must also consider the type of tumor, location,
and size of the tumor as well. Another factor to acknowledge is how they have reacted to other medications, procedures, and therapies in the past.
(National Brain Tumor Society, 2015). While some braincancer patients seek treatment from large, well–known hospitals, other patients may choose to
go to a smaller, local hospital for treatment.
National Cancer Institute
If a patient chooses to go a community based treatment route, the NCI, or National Cancer Institute, is an option they may consider. The NCI has 69
Cancer Centers that spread among 35 states. These centers include several university medical centers as well as freestanding cancer centers. The main
roles of these centers are focusing on studying and controlling cancer. (National Cancer Institute [NCI], 2015)
Impact of National Cancer Institute centers. Many of the cancer centers of the NCI are located in communities, which have special needs and specific
populations. There are approximately 250,000 patients who are diagnosed with cancer at NCI– Designated Cancer

Immunoregulation For Long-Term Cancer Control Case Study
Fusi, A., & Dalgleish, A. (2017). The importance for immunoregulation for long–term cancer control. Future Oncology (London, England), 13(18),
1619–1632. doi:10.2217/fon–2017– 0085 [doi]
In this article, Fusi, A. et al emphasize on the significance of advanced immunotherapeutic options for the treatment of malignant melanoma. The
writers focus on the details of CTLA–4 antibody ipilimumab, the anti–PD1 antibodies pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and nivolumab. These drugs have
approved for their significant efficacy and prolonged survival of the patients. In addition to this, the authors explain the importance of using
immunotherapy in combination with other therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other immunotherapies. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The authors assessment support that combination therapies are better in providing high quality of life for long term. The authors also discussed the
comparison of this study with other studies and it is found that it is the only assessment that compares all available new drugs. However, long term
effects of these new drugs were not recorded and future research might result in the change of current estimates of these new drugs. (cited by Pike, E.
et al).
Schachter, J., Ribas, A., Long, G. V., Arance, A., Grob, J. J., Mortier, L., . . . Robert, C. (2017). Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced
melanoma: Final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open–label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE–006). Lancet (London, England), doi:
S0140–6736(17)31601–X [pii]
Schachter, J. et al compares treatment efficacy of pembrolizumab and ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma. This trial was conducted to
study the overall and progression–free survival of pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab. The study was conducted with 18 years or older patients from 87
different cancer centers and treatments were randomly assigned to them. This study proves that overall survival is better in patients treated with
pembrolizumab compared to ipilimumab and more side effects were found in the ipilimumab group. The outcome of this study conducted by Schachter,
J. et al helps in making a conclusion that

A Brief Note On Doctor With A Cure
Doctor with a Cure
When I was younger my best friend and I were inseparable, until middle school that is. The summer before 7th grade my best friend, Ali, was
diagnosed with Chordoma, a rare type of childhood cancer. I saw first hand the affects childhood cancer has on friends, family, and the child. Ali and I
decided then that we wanted to make a difference in the lives of people battling cancer; From writing letters to visiting hospitals, we did all we could.
As we grew older and moved apart we swore to one another we would not lose sight of why we were helping others.1.I knew then that I wanted to be in
a career field that focused on helping people. One of the professions that I am drawn to is Pediatric Oncology. As a Pediatric Oncologist I would be
treating cancer in children.
3;15 Pediatric Oncology is at the heart of many organizations. There are many financial and emotional burdens associated with a loved one having
cancer, and thanks to these foundations, parents and children can sleep a little sounder at night knowing that they are not alone. Some of the more
prominent groups that have an impact here in our community are: Alliance for Childhood Cancer, Bear Necessities Pediatric Cancer Foundation,
CURE Childhood Cancer, and National Cancer Institute (Mccaul). These are organizations that make an impact in the lives of children battling cancer
and their families. Whether an organization is in memory of a loved one or to support a college or hospital, organizations

Ependymoma- Brain Tumor
Ependymoma Paper Ependymoma is a type of brain tumor and while it is rare in adults, accounting for 2–3% of brain tumors, ependymoma is mainly
found in children and accounts for around 5% of all childhood brain cancers (American Cancer Society [ACS], 2014, January 31; American Brain
Tumor Association [ABTA], n.d.). The survival rate of patients with ependymoma who have survived five years after their tumor is detected is 75%
Tumors occur when cells grow to excess and form a mass. While some tumors are benign, meaning that they are harmless, others are malignant, or
cancerous. Ependymoma is a malignant cancerous brain tumor ("American Society of Clinical Oncology [ASCO]– Childhood," n.d.). The tumor
appears as soft, grey or red tumors and could comprise of cysts or mineral calcifications. The name of a brain tumor derives from the cells where it
forms. Ependymoma starts in the ependymal cells. The ependymal cells line the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord (ABTA,
n.d.). These two areas, the brain and the spine, make up the central nervous system that controls many significant functions like speech, thought, and
physical movement. Ependymoma is in a category of brain tumors called gliomas. A glioma grows from glial cells, a supportive cell found in the brain
(ASCO, n.d.).
Since ependymoma is a tumor of the brain, it has different effects based on its location. For example, if there was a tumor in the temporal lobe, then
coordination, speech and

A Career as an Ocologist Essays
Every year millions of people die from cancer or cancer related complications. A career in oncology allows one the opportunity to specialize in the care,
treatment, and research to help those with this devastating disease. Cancer is a complicated disease that causes severe illness. The complications from
the disease process results in death around the world. Oncologists' works together with other medical team members in helping patients through cancer
treatment live with the disease or die with dignity. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal blood cells rapidly multiply causing significant medical
complications that often results in death (DeVita). When the initial cancer diagnosis is discussed with the patient and family, the news... Show more
For many years surgical intervention was the only treatment for cancer (Longo). Surgery is the original and oldest treatment for cancer according to
the American Cancer Society (DeVita). In the early 1800's, surgery was limited and with significant risk, but was still done to relieve the pain
associated with cancer. Theodore Billroth in Austria in 1860 performed the first successful surgery on a cancer patient. In 1889, William Halsted
developed and performed the surgical procedure: a radical mastectomy. This procedure is the removal of the cancer tumor, the surrounding breast tissue
including the muscle. This was the first surgical procedure performed in the United States for cancer treatment (Longo). Surgical cancer intervention
has evolved over the years, becoming more successful as a supportive cancer treatment option. There are many types of surgeries performed on cancer
patients to diagnose, treat or to control pain. The Curative surgery option removes the cancer tumor from the body. The Preventive Surgery option is
used to remove tissue that does not have cancer but may develop into a cancerous tumor (DeVita). Another type of surgery performed on cancer
patients is the Staging surgery, this surgery works to reveal the extent of cancer for further treatment options (DeVita). The Diagnostic Surgery option
removes a tissue sample for testing for cancer. The Palliative Surgery option treats cancer to

Radiation Oncology
According to the researchers of mayoclinic.org, Radiation Oncology is the practice of regulating high dosages of radiation to kill cancerous cells. In
this job several small tasks accumulate into a complex system. A radiation oncologist can expect to: place radioactive material into the body to locate
and pinpoint tumors, keep detailed records of treatment proficiency, examine and create machinery to diminish harmful exposure to radiation, and to
console other oncologists about methods such as chemotherapy and stem–cell treatment. As a young child, I decided to delve into the study of cancer
based on watching my mother battle the disease (mayoclinic.org). Most students seeking a career in the medical field are required to take health
related classes. However, in oncology, a special interest in chemistry, physiology, and algebra benefit you heavily. Chemistry and physiology help to
provide one with the knowledge of anatomical structures and bodily function . Algebra helps to formulate dosages and administer proper counts of
medicine. This is excruciatingly important in radiation, based on the fact that one mistake can be the difference in,life or death. There is a requirement
of: attending four years of medical school, alongside two years of clinical work and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From this, the need for professionals in this field is high and correlates with pay. The entry–level pay for this career varies between $154,000 to
$189,500. The highest amount of payment in this field varies from $787,000 to over a million dollars annually. Those who exceed the 787,000 dollar
margin are a part of six percent of healthcare professionals who have obtained doctorates (doctor–salaries.com). This career also comes with the fringe
benefits of malpractice insurance and medical association dues. A fringe benefit is any form of payment that supplements monetary

CIPN Case Study
Improving Outcomes for Cancer Patients at Risk for Chemotherapy–induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Chapter One: Introduction
Purpose
Chemotherapy–induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can be a severe, dose–limiting toxicity caused by the administration of the chemotherapeutic and
anti–cancer biologic used to treat an individual's cancer. The purpose of the paper is to explore the effectiveness of different treatment options for the
prevention and treatment of CIPN. Additionally, this paper will determine which established assessment tools are best to evaluate CIPN in theoncology
patient. Once these methods are identified they can be incorporated into the plan of care for at risk patients. Patients education related to CIPN should be
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These symptoms may also, in some cases, occur concurrently significantly compounding the patient's ability to perform simple activities of daily living.
Of significant importance is the dose–limiting potential of CIPN. Although symptoms usually progress slowly and increasingly becomes more severe,
they could also occur spontaneously (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2017). As the neurotoxic effects of thechemotherapy accumulate the
neuropathy intensifies and spreads from the fingers and toes to the arms and legs. This escalation of symptoms could lead to treatment delays, dose
reductions, or if severe enough the patient's ability to complete treatment (Stubblefield et al., 2009). This, in turn, could increase the morbidity and
mortality of the oncology patient who is depending on a predetermined course of treatment for a successful outcome.
Certain chemotherapeutic and biologic agents make individuals more at risk for CIPN. Some of those include, but are not limited to platinum
compounds, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and certain anticancer biologics such as lenalidomide and bortezomib (Piccolo and Kolesar, 2014). Additionally,
certain patients are at an even greater risk for developing CIPN than others. This includes patients that have a history of diabetes, HIV, alcohol abuse,
and vitamin B deficiency; as well as those with malnutrition, previous chemotherapy, or radiation treatment, or those taking more than one
antineoplastic agent

Pediatric Oncology

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