Dissertation Report on the Hisorical Places of Varanasi

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Dissertation Report
on
“Historical Places of Varanasi”
InstituteofTourismandHotelManagement
Submitted to :-
Prof. Sunil K. Kabia
Head of Department
ITHM /BU
Submitted by:-

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Satya Chaudhary
MBA ( Tourism ) ,
Roll No. 171195097019
Certificate
This is to certify that Satya Chaudhary is a bona fide student of MBA (Tourism)
has successfully completed the dissertation on the topic “Historical Placesof
Varanasi ” under the supervision of Mr. SanjayKumarduring the year 2018-
2019 for partial fulfilment of the Degree Programme.
Prof. Sunil K Kabia Mr. Sanjay Kumar
Director– ITHM ( Supervisor )

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Acknowledgement
I owe my deep gratitude to Prof. SunilKabia (Head of Department, ITHM,
Jhansi). He not only motivated me during the study program but also groomed me
for my professional career.
I owe my thanks to Mr. SanjayKumar, under whose supervision my dissertation
has been completed and his valuable and keen interest in this work has been a great
sourceof inspiration for me.
I also want to thank my subject and class in charge Dr. SanjayNibhoria who
supervised me on my work on daily basis and meticulously guided me in this work.
He also enriched my work and his knowledge skill resulted in appreciation of my
work.
I am also grateful to the professorsofITHM who helped me in preparing this
report successfulby providing all the necessary notes and suggestion.
I also want to thank my batch mates for encouraging me. I would also like to thank
my parents for their kind support.
Satya Chaudhary
MBA (Tourism) 4th
Semester
Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management
Roll No. 171195097019

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Table of Contents
Certificate..........................................................................................................................................2
Acknowledgement..............................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................5
About Bundelkhand University Jhansi ..............................................................................................5
Mission.......................................................................................................................................5
Vision.........................................................................................................................................5
Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management- ITHM..........................................................................5
Etymology......................................................................................................................................7
History...........................................................................................................................................7
Hindu Mythology.........................................................................................................................7
Archaeological evidence ..............................................................................................................8
Ancient period................................................................................................................................8
Medieval period..........................................................................................................................9
Modern history (1500 – present)......................................................................................................9
How To Reach Varanasi...................................................................................................................14
HISTORICAL PLACES OF VARANASI..........................................................................................15
1-SRI KASHI VISHWANATH Temple.................................................................................................15
2-SARNATH...................................................................................................................................16
3- Dashashwamedh Ghat – The Most Vibrant Ghat In Town..........................................................17
4- Manikarnika Ghat – The Prime Cremation Ghat In Varanasi.......................................................18
5- Tulsi Manas Temple – Where Ramcharitmanas Was Written.......................................................19
6- Gyan Vapi Well – The Well Of Knowledge..................................................................................20
7-. Ramnagar Fort & Museum – The Mughal Era Fortification..........................................................21
8- Chunar Fort – A Spooky Little Rampart......................................................................................22
9- Bharat Kala Bhavan Museum – The Hub Of Art And Culture.........................................................23
10-Man Mandir Observatory – The Varanasi Heritage.....................................................................24
RESEARCH AREA AND IT’S SIGNIFICANCE...............................................................................25
Imporatnace of Varansai...............................................................................................................25
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY –............................................................................................26
RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................28
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................30

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INTRODUCTION
About BundelkhandUniversityJhansi
This seat of higher learning came into existence on August 26, 1975, vide
Government of Uttar Pradesh Notification No. 10/15-60/74 under the provision of
the U.P. Universities Act. However, though belonging to the younger generation of
the Indian Universities, the Bundelkhand University has fast transformed into a
University of excellence offering opportunities to the aspiring youths to pursue
higher education.
However, though belonging to the younger generation of the Indian Universities,
the Bundelkhand University has fast transformed into a University of excellence
offering opportunities to the aspiring youths to pursue higher education, applied
research and Professional training according to their aptitude and potential.
Mission
To impart quality vocational and scientific education through basic and applied
research, to improve the quality and value of human irrespective of gender, caste,
nationality and religion
Vision
The University aims to become a world-class institution by tapping human
potential to lead the country in changing national, regional and global scenario.
Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management- ITHM
Perceiving the significance of professionally trained people in the judicious
exploitation of country’s ordinary tourismagnetism and the underlying
opportunities for the potential professionals in entrepreneurial, service, academic
and research sectors of the fast growing Travel & Hospitality Industry The

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Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management sanctioned by the Govt. of Uttar
Pradesh in the year 1996, could become functional only in 1999.
The ITHM is credited to be the only academic centre in the country to offer full-
fledged study programmes on both Tourism and Hotel Management at Bachelors,
Masters and Doctoral levels. It has an ideally conceived beautiful three-storey
building with provisions of requisite training areas including advanced / basic /
intermediate / quantity kitchens, laundry, training restaurant student dining hall,
guest rooms, cloak room, central stores, front office, library, computer room, travel
desk, lecture theaters and multiple classrooms. The young and dynamic faculty of
the Institute is firmly determined to transform it into a center of excellence and a
perennial trendsetter in its chosen field. Due care has been taken in developing the
curriculum of the above study programs, so that the students are groomed in
totality, in terms of theory and practice along side communication skills, analytical
ability, leadership qualities and planning acumen etc. Provision of intensive on-
the-job training, field interpretation, group discussion seminars, surprise tests
,dissertation and field trip / training / project reports are the integral part of the
course curriculum of each program offered by the Institute. Resource persons from
the university and academia are regularly invited for deliberations on applied
themes of Tourism & Hotel Management. Likewise, organization of inter events
including seminars, Symposia and workshops on Tourism and Hospitality
Management is taken as an essential part of the academic schedule. Graduates of
the Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management must have the knowledge, skill,
motivation and experience to move directly in to hotel and tourism management
positions anywhere in the world, is the key word for the ITHM family.
Varanasi

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Etymology
Traditional etymology links "Varanasi" to the names of two Ganges
tributaries forming the city's borders Varuna, still flowing in northern
Varanasi, and Assi today a small stream in the southern part of the city,
near Assi Ghat. The old city is located on the north shores of
the Ganges, bounded by Varuna and Assi.
In the Rigveda, an ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic
Sanskrit hymns, the city is referred to as (Kashi) from the Sanskrit
verbal root kaś- "to shine", making Varanasi known as "City of
Light" the "luminous city as an eminent seat of learning". The name was
also used by pilgrims dating from Buddha's days.
Hindu religious texts use many epithets to refer to Varanasi, such as
Kashika(Sanskrit: "the shining one"), Avimukta (Sanskrit: "never
forsaken" by Shiva), Anandavana (Sanskrit: "the forest of bliss"), and
Rudravasa (Sanskrit: "the place where Rudra/Śiva resides").
History
Hindu Mythology
According to Hindu mythology, Varanasi was founded by Shiva, one
of three principal deities along with Brahma and Vishnu. During a fight
between Brahma and Shiva, one of Brahma's five heads was torn off by
Shiva. As was the custom, the victor carried the slain adversary's head in
his hand and let it hang down from his hand as an act of ignominy, and a
sign of his own bravery. A bridle was also put into the mouth. Shiva thus
dishonored Brahma's head, and kept it with him at all times. When he
came to the city of Varanasi in this state, the hanging head of Brahma
dropped from Shiva's hand and disappeared in the ground. Varanasi is
therefore considered an extremely holy site.

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The Pandavas, the protagonists of the Hindu epic Mahabharata,are said
to have visited the city in search of Shiva to atone for their sin
of fratricide and Brahmanahatya that they had committed during the
climactic Kurukshetra War. It is regarded as one of seven holy cities
(Sapta Puri) which can provide Moksha; Ayodhya, Mathura, Haridwar,
Kashi, Kanchi, Avanti, and Dvaraka are the seven cities known as the
givers of liberation.
Archaeological evidence
Excavations in 2014 led to the discovery of artefacts dating back to 800
BCE. Further excavations at Aktha and Ramnagar, two sites in the
vicinity of the city, unearthed artefacts dating back to 1800 BCE,
supporting the view that the area was inhabited by this time.
Ancient period
Varanasi grew as an important industrial centre, famous for
its muslin and silk fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and sculpture. During
the time of Gautama Buddha, Varanasi was part of the Kingdom of
Kashi. The Buddha is believed to have founded Buddhism here around
528 BCE when he gave his first sermon, "The Setting in Motion of the
Wheel of Dharma", at nearby Sarnath. The celebrated Chinese
traveller Xuanzang, also known as Hiuen Tsiang, who visited the city
around 635 CE, attested that the city was a centre of religious and
artistic activities, and that it extended for about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)
along the western bank of the Ganges. When Xuanzang, visited Varanasi
in the 7th century, he named it "Polonisse" and wrote that the city had
some 30 temples with about 30 monks. The city's religious importance
continued to grow in the 8th century, when Adi Shankara established
the worship of Shiva as an official sect of Varanasi.

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Medieval period
Kabir, a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint
Chandradeva, founder of the Gahadavala dynasty made Banaras a
second capital in 1090. During the Mauryan era, Varanasi was
connected by a road starting from Taxila and ending at Pataliputra. After
fall of Pala Empire, the Chero dynasty ruled Varanasi till mughal rule.
Varanasi remained a centre of activity for intellectuals and theologians
during the Middle Ages, which further contributed to its reputation as a
cultural centre of religion and education. Several major figures of the
Bhakti movement were born in Varanasi, including Kabir who was born
here in 1389, and Ravidas, a 15th-century socio-religious reformer,
mystic, poet, traveller, and spiritual figure, who was born and lived in
the city and employed in the tannery industry.
Modern history (1500 – present)
A lithograph by James Prinsep (1832) of a Brahmin placing a garland on
the holiest location in the city

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A painting by Edwin Lord Weeks (1883) of Varanasi, viewed from the
Ganges
An illustration (1890) of Bathing Ghat in Varanasi
Numerous eminent scholars and preachers visited the city from across
India and south Asia. Guru Nanak visited Varanasi for Maha
Shivaratri in 1507, a trip that played a large role in the founding
of Sikhism.
Varanasi experienced a Hindu cultural revival in the 16th century under
the Muslim Mughal emperor Akbar, who invested in the city and built
two large temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu. The Raja
of Pune established the Annapurna Mandir, and the 200-metre (660 ft)
Akbari Bridge was also completed during this period.The earliest

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tourists began arriving in the city during the 16th century. In 1665, the
French traveller Jean-Baptister Tavernier described the architectural
beauty of the Vindu Madhava temple on the side of the Ganges. The
road infrastructure was also improved during this period. It was
extended from Kolkata to Peshawar by Emperor Sher Shah Suri; later
during the British Raj it came to be known as the famous Grand Trunk
Road. In 1656, Emperor Aurangzeb ordered the destruction of many
temples and the building of mosques, causing the city to experience a
temporary setback. However, after Aurangazeb's death, most of India
was ruled by a confederacy of pro-Hindu kings. Much of modern
Varanasi was built during this time, especially during the 18th century
by the Maratha and Bhumihar. The kings governing Varanasi continued
to wield power and importance through much of the British Raj period,
including the Maharaja of Benares, or Kashi Naresh.
Majaraja of Benares and Suite, 1870s

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The Kingdom of Benares was given official status by the Mughals in
1737, and continued as a dynasty-governed area until Indian
independence in 1947, during the reign of Dr. Vibhuti Narayan Singh. In
the 18th century, Muhammad Shah ordered the construction of an
observatory on the Ganges, attached to Man Mandir Ghat, designed to
discover imperfections in the calendar in order to revise existing
astronomical tables. Tourism in the city began to flourish in the 18th
century. In 1791, under the rule of the British Governor-General Warren
Hastings, Jonathan Duncan founded a Sanskrit College in Varanasi. In
1867, the establishment of the Varanasi Municipal Board led to
significant improvements in the city's infrastructure and basic amenities
of health services, drinking water supply and sanitation
An 1895 photograph of the Varanasi riverfront

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The British Army committed a massacre of Indian troops and destroyed
city residences during the early stages of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Author Mark Twain wrote in 1897 of Varanasi, "Benares is older than
history, older than tradition, older even than legend, and looks twice as
old as all of them put together." In 1910, the British made Varanasi a
new Indian state, with Ramnagar as its capital, but with no jurisdiction
over the city proper. The religious head, Kashi Naresh, has had his
headquarters at the Ramnagar Fort since the 18th century, also a
repository of the history of the kings of Varanasi, which is situated to the
east of Varanasi, across the Ganges. The Kashi Naresh is deeply revered
by the local people and the chief cultural patron; some devout
inhabitants consider him to be the incarnation of Shiva.
Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu College, which later became a
foundation for the creation of Banaras Hindu University in 1916. Besant
founded the college because she wanted "to bring men of all religions
together under the ideal of brotherhood in order to promote Indian
cultural values and to remove ill-will among different sections of the
Indian population."
Varanasi was ceded to the Union of India in 1947, becoming part
of Uttar Pradesh after Indian independence. Vibhuti Narayan Singh
incorporated his territories into the United Provinces in 1949.

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How To Reach Varanasi
Varanasi is the cultural capital of India and the melting pot of Indian
civilization. Varanasi or Benaras has a well-developed transport network
and is well connected to all the major Indian cities and states by air, road
&rail.
By Air :-
Varanasi is well connected and accessible to major Indian cities and
tourist spots. There are daily domestic flights to and from Varanasi to
several cities in India. Apart from the state owned Indian Airlines, there
are many private air taxi operators that offer their services from Varanasi
to other Indian cities. In fact, the daily flights on Delhi-Agra-
Khajuraho-Varanasi route are quite popular among the tourists.
By Rail :-
Since Varanasi lies in the heartland of the North Indian plains, it is well
connected to Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and other parts of India. There are
two railway stations in Varanasi, the Kashi Junction and the Varanasi
Junction (also known as Varanasi Cantonment). Rajdhani Express from
Delhi or from Calcutta passes through Varanasi too. One can also catch
trains from Mughalsarai, just 10 km south of Varanasi.
By Road :-
Situated in the flat Ganga plains, Varanasi has a good network of roads.
frequent public and private buses and road transport to all the major
towns of Uttar Pradesh and nearby areas. Distance from Lucknow is 320
Km.

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HISTORICAL PLACES OF VARANASI
1-SRI KASHI VISHWANATH Temple
Not far away from the Ganga is one of the oldest temples in Hinduism,
Sri Kashi Vishwanath Temple. Deriving its name from the city Kashi,
the temple was built in 1780 by the Late Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar
of Indore and is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, the holiest of Shiva
temples. The main deity housed within its premises is known by the
name Vishwanatha or Vishweshwara, both translating to mean ‘ruler of
the universe’. The temple is also the starting point of the sacred
Panchkoshi Yatra—a 88.5 km long barefoot walk encircling Kashi.

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2-SARNATH
The Buddhist pilgrimage, Sarnath lies 10 km from Varanasi, and is yet
another attraction that appeals to people from all around the world. This
is the place where Gautum Buddha first gave his sermons on Dharma.
The main deer park complex and a number of other Buddhist temples
can be seen here. The Mulgandha Kuti Vihar temple, the
Archaeological Museum, the Dhamek Stupa, the Chaukhandi Stupa and
ruins of monasteries are the key highlights here. Other modern structures
like the Japanese & Korean temples have been added to the Sarnath
topography in the last few decades. Go early so you can beat the rush of
tourists through the day and enjoy the tranquil ambience of
these Buddhist relics.

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3- Dashashwamedh Ghat – The Most Vibrant Ghat In Town
The main ghat in Varanasi on the Ganges river, Dashashwamedh Ghat is
a flamboyant place known for its spiritual transcendence. It is common
knowledge that Lord Brahma sacrificed 10 horses in a yajna here, and
thus the name. Dashashwamedh Ghat tops the list of tourist places to
visit in Varanasi at night as it is a compelling space to dawdle in this
small town. Be here for the Agni Pooja or Ganga aarti, as it is popularly
called.

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4- Manikarnika Ghat – The Prime Cremation Ghat In Varanasi
Considered to be an auspicious place to be cremated, Manikarnika Ghat
is among the pivotal places of interest in Varanasi. This ghat is an
exasperating and startling experience in itself as absolutely nothing is
considered sacrilegious here. The setting sun and the glowing pyres
along with candle-lit flower bowls floating down the holy river Ganga
make Manikarnika Ghat a sight to behold.

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5- Tulsi Manas Temple – Where Ramcharitmanas Was Written
Among the many sightseeing places in Varanasi is the Tulsi Manas
Temple, the place where Tulsidas wrote the Hindu epic Ramayana in an
Awadhi dialect of the Hindi language. The temple was funded by the
Birla family and constructed in white marble in 1964. Verses and scenes
from Ramcharitmanas are engraved on the mandir walls.
Timings: 5 am – 12 pm & 04 pm – 09 pm

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6- Gyan Vapi Well – The Well Of Knowledge
The Gyan Vapi well is located within the Gyanvapi Mosque, which was
constructed by the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, on the site of the
demolished Kashi Vishwanath Temple. During the British regime, the
well was considered to be holier than the Ganges and was among the
important and best places to visit in Varanasi as it contains the Shiva
lingam.

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7-. Ramnagar Fort & Museum – The Mughal Era Fortification
Located opposite to the Tulsi Ghat, the Ramnagar Fort is an 18th-
century crumbling ruin in dire need of restoration. However, the crimson
sunset as viewed from inside this enclosure is reason enough to give
Ramnagar Fort a spot on the list of places to visit in Varanasi. This old
rampart is also home to a vintage museum that is famous for its rare
collection of old American cars, ivory works, medieval costumes, and a
huge astronomical clock.
Timings: 10 am – 05:30 pm
Entry fee: INR 20 for Indians | INR 150 for foreigners

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8- Chunar Fort – A Spooky Little Rampart
Situated in the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, the Chunar Fort is
located approximately 23 km southwest of Varanasi. The earliest
recorded history in Chunar is from the 16th century, traced to a garrison
of the Mughal emperor, Babar. The tombs of some of his soldiers are
still venerated here. The fort is believed to be divinely blessed and is
among the popular places to visit in and around Varanasi in one day.

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9- Bharat Kala Bhavan Museum – The Hub Of Art And Culture
A distinctly classical sound, characteristic of an endless stream of
madness rings through Varanasi. And the Bharat Kala Bhavan Museum
located within the prestigious Banaras Hindu University bears testament
to this rippling clangor. The museum was set up in 1920 with
Rabindranath Tagore as its honorary chairman and is among the
foremost tourist places in Varanasi today. The museum showcases
miniature paintings, sculptures, and local history displays. It also has an
art gallery dedicated to the Russian artist, Nicholas Roerich.

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10-Man Mandir Observatory – The Varanasi Heritage
Located on the Man Mandir Ghat, this masonry observatory is
established atop the Man Singh Palace. It was built in 1737 by Sawai Jai
Singh II, the founder of Jaipur city. The observatory consists of 4 main
astronomical instruments and is among the heritage places to see in
Varanasi. The Man Mandir Observatory is now under the
Archaeological Survey of India and needs to be refurbished.
Timings: Sunrise – sunset
Entry fee: INR 5 for Indians | INR 100 for foreigners

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RESEARCH AREA AND IT’S SIGNIFICANCE
Imporatnace of Varansai
These few lines by Mark Twain say it all: "Benaras is older than
history, older than tradition, older even than legend and looks twice
as old as all of them put together". Often referred to as Benares,
Varanasi is the oldest living city in the world.The land of Varanasi
(Kashi) has been the ultimate pilgrimage spot for Hindus for
ages.Hindus believe that one who is graced to die on the land of
Varanasi would attain salvation and freedom from the cycle of birth and
re-birth. Abode of Lord Shiva and Parvati, the origins of Varanasi are
yet unknown. Ganges in Varanasi is believed to have the power to wash
away the sins of mortals.
Ganges is said to have its origins in the tresses of Lord Shiva and in
Varanasi, it expands to the mighty river that we know of. The city is a
center of learning and civilization for over 3000 years. With Sarnath, the
place where Buddha preached his first sermon after enlightenment, just
10 km away, Varanasi has been a symbol of Hindu renaissance.
Knowledge, philosophy, culture, devotion to Gods, Indian arts and crafts
have all flourished here for centuries. Also a pilgrimage place for Jains,
Varanasi is believed to be the birthplace of Parsvanath, the twenty-third
Tirthankar.
Vaishnavism and Shaivism have co-existed in Varanasi harmoniously.
With a number of temples, Mrs. Annie Besant chose Varanasi as the
home for her 'Theosophical Society' and Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya,
to institute 'Benares Hindu University, the biggest University in Asia.
Ayurveda is said to be originated at Varanasi and is believed to be the
basis of modern medical sciences such as Plastic surgery, Cataract and

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Calculus operations. Maharshi Patanjali, the preceptor of Ayurveda and
Yoga, was also affiliated with Varanasi, the holy city. Varanasi is also
famous for its trade and commerce, especially for the finest silks and
gold and silver brocades, since the early days.
Varanasi has also been a great center of learning for ages. Varanasi is
associated with promotion of spiritualism, mysticism, Sanskrit, yoga and
Hindi language and honored authors such as the ever-famous novelist
Prem Chand and Tulsi Das, the famous saint-poet who wrote Ram
Charit Manas. Aptly called as the cultural capital of India, Varanasi has
provided the right platform for all cultural activities to flourish. Many
exponents of dance and music have come from Varanasi. Ravi Shankar,
the internationally renowned Sitar maestro and Ustad Bismillah Khan,
(the famous Shehnai player) are all sons of the blessed city or have lived
here for major part of their lives.
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY –
Banaras Hindu University ( BHU ), formerly Central Hindu College,
is a public central university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. It was
established in 1916 by Madan Mohan Malaviya and Annie Besant With
over 30,000 students residing in campus, it claims the title of
largest residential university in Asia.
The university's main campus spread over 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) was
built on land donated by the Kashi Naresh, the hereditary ruler of
Banaras ("Kashi" being an alternative name for Banaras or Varanasi).
The south campus, spread over 2,700 acres (11 km2),hosts the Krishi
Vigyan Kendra (Agriculture Science Centre) and is located in Barkachha
in Mirzapur district, about 60 km (37 mi) from Banaras. The University
is also planning to set up a campus in Bihar.
BHU is organised into 6 institutes and 14 faculties (streams) and about
140 departments. As of 2017, the total student enrollment at the

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university is 27,359 coming from 48 countries. It has over 75 hostels for
resident students. Several of its faculties and institutes include arts (FA –
BHU), management studies (Institute of Management Studies Banaras
Hindu University|I.M.St. - BHU), science (I.Sc. - BHU), performing arts
(FPA-BHU), law (FL-BHU), agricultural science (Institute of
Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University (I.A.S. - BHU),medical
science (Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University ( I.M.S.
- BHU) and environment and sustainable development (Institute of
Environment And Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University
(I.E.S.D. - BHU) along with departments of linguistics, journalism &
mass communication, among others. The university's engineering
institute was designated as Indian Institute of Technology in June 2012.
BHU celebrated its centenary year in 2015-2016.The Centenary Year
Celebration Cell organised various programs including cultural
programs, feasts & competitions & Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya
Birth Anniversary on 25 December 2015.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
1.Better Solid Waste Management:-
A comprehensive solid waste management plan involves storage, collection,
transportation, segregation, waste characterization, processing and disposal.
 Baseline Information Collection.
 Preparation of Design & Drawing.
 Waste Minimization.
 Estimation of Quantity of Waste Generated and Future Projections.
 Resource Recovery Through Waste Processing.
2.Understanding the Carrying Capacity:-
As Kumbh is the world’s largest gathering in the world and forward a message of
“Human Integrtion’.To manage such a massive gathering is not at all easy.
Therefore, we
Can also manage it through:-
 Provision of daily electronic passes and token.
 Use of limited Resources effectively and efficiently ( Food & its wastage )
 Conservation of Pilgrimage sites and ghats.
3.Making the Mode of Transport more Sustainable:-
As mode of transport plays an important role such kind of gathering, therefore
while considering our environment we can :-

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 Use of e-vehicles within the city.
 Manage traffic with the help of proper signage.
4.Improving the Accomodation Units:-
 Proper Research to understand the amount of accommodation units such
asTents required for the Pilgrims
 Offering Quality accommodation although with limited facilities but up to
the mark.
 Temporary concept of Home Stays can be introduced to provide the benefits
for the locals.
5.Controlling the fraud practices:-
 By maintaining the record of Guides working there
 24hrs Toll-Free number for the pilgrims
 Installation of CCTVs at required crowded places.
6.To Strengthen the Safety and Security:-
 Deploying Tourist Police
 Enough Fire Fighters
 Use of Barricades to Avoid stampede situation.

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CONCLUSION
At the end of this Dissertation project we can conclude that Varanasi is the biggest
Pilgrimage City of the world, which is witnessed by millions of people throughout
the world. Since a large amount of tourists are expected to inflow in the city of
Varanasi (Banaras) in future, therefore the responsibilities have also increased on
the shoulders of the government and the locals of Varanasi to maintain the quality
and enhance the value of this historic and traditional fair, and several measures are
expected and must be taken care to make this city another grand success in front of
the world out of which some crucial ones can be listed below-
 Safety and Security of the tourists.
 Sustainabilty of the destination as the first priority.
 Management of Solid wastes.
 Providing sufficient and quality accommodation for the easy stay of the
tourists.
 Minimizing fraud practices, with effective measures.
As, India is a place known for its Pilgrimage, Heritage, Culture and Rituals which
gives a message of “VasudhaivaKutumbakam” – India’s philosophy
VasudhaivaKutumbakam, or world family has guided the nation since Vedic
times.
Therefore, many are expected to come and join the once in a lifetime experience
& enlighten your mind, body and soul.

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