This provides Right to Information Act Kerala Malayalam in pdf format. Download Right to Information Act Kerala in Malayalam language. To know more about RTI at http://rtiact2005.com/

1. 1
Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Imi nb-aw, 2005
s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS (Public Authorities) A[o--X-bn-epÅ hnh-c-§Ä ]u-c-·mÀ¡v
nÀ_m[w e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xnpw kÀ¡m-cp-tZym-K--Ø-cpsS {]hÀ¯--§-fn kpXm-cy-Xbpw
D¯-chm-Zn-¯hpw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnpw tI{µ C³t^mÀta-j³ I½o-j³, kwØ-m
C³t^mÀta-j³ I½oj³ F¶n-h-bpsS cq]-h-Xv¡-c-W-¯npw AXv kw_-Ôn¨v bmZr-
Ýn-I-ambn D−m-Im-hp¶ aäp Imcy§Ä¡pw th−n Adnbm-pÅ AhIm-i¯nsâ
{Iobm-ß-I-amb `c-W-hy-hØ {Ias¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-pÅ nb-aw.
`mc-X-`-c-W-L-S kwØm-]w sN¿p¶Xv Pm-[n-]Xy dn¸-»n-¡m-bn-cn-s¡, kÀ¡m-cn-
tbpw AXnsâ LS-I-§-fbpw `cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h-tcm-SpÅ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-¯n ne-n-dp-¯p-
¶-Xnpw Agn-aXn nb{´n¡p-¶-Xn-p-ambn DZvt_m-[n-¸n-¡-s¸« Hcp ]ucm-h-enbpw
hnÚm---kp-Xm-cy-Xbpw Pm-[n-]Xy¯nÂ, AXnsâ {]hÀ¯--£-a-Xbv¡v aÀ½-{][m--am-
Ip-¶-Xn-m Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]m-hÀ¯nI Xe-§-fn-epÅ hnh-c-§-fpsS shfn-s¸-Sp-¯Â
kÀ¡mcp-IfpsS Imcy-£-a-amb {]hÀ¯--§Ä, e`y-amb km¼-¯nI Dd-hn-S-§fpsS ]c-
am-h[n D]-tbmKw, t£m`-P--I-amb hnh-c-§fpsS cl-kymß-IX Im¯p kq£n¸v apX-
em-bh DÄs¡m-Åp¶ s]mXp Xmev]-cy-hp-ambn Hcp A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-§Ä¡v km[y-X-
bp-−v.
Pm-[n-]Xy BZÀi-§-fpsS {]m[myw ]cn-]m-en-¨p-sIm−v Xs¶ Cu `n¶m`n{]m-b§fnÂ
Hcp ka-zbw AXym-h-iy-amWv.
AXn-m Ct¸mÄ ]uc-·mÀ¡v Ah-cm-{K-ln-¡p¶ GXm-pw hnh-c-§Ä ÂIp-¶Xv
kµÀt`mNn-X-amWv.
C´y³ dn¸-»n-¡nsâ A¼-¯n-bmdmw hÀj-¯n ]mÀe-saâv Xmsg hnh-cn¡pw {]Imcw
nb-a-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
A²ymbw 1
{]mcw`w
1. Npcp-¡-t¸cpw _m[-I-am-Ip¶ {]tZ-i§fpw DÛ-hhpw : þ
(1) Cu nbaw Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Im-i-n-baw 2005 F¶-dn-b-s¸-Spw.
(2) P½p-þIm-ivaoÀ kwØ-m--samgnsI C´y apgp-hpw CXv _m[-I-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
(3) 4þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸pw, 5þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1 Dw 2 Dw D]-h-Ip-¸p-Ifpw
12,13,15,16,24,27,28 F¶o hIp-¸p-Ifpw DS³ {]m_-ey-¯n hcp-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw. nb-
a-¯nse Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ hIp-¸p-IÄ nb-a-nÀ½mW-¯nsâ-b¶v XpS§n qän-bn-
cp-]Xmw Znh-k-¯n {]m_-ey-¯n hcp-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
2. nÀÆ-N--§Ä
Cu nb-a-¯n asämcp Bibw kµÀ`-him hyà-am-¡m-¯-]£w Xmsg hnh-cn-¡p¶
nÀÆ-N--{]-Imcw ]Z-{]-tbm-K§Ä a-Ên-em-t¡−XmWv.
(a) _Ô-s¸« kÀ¡mÀ F¶mÂ
(i) tI{µ kÀ¡m-cn-mtem, tI{µ `c-W-¯m Øm]n-X-am-b-tXm, ne-hnÂsIm-−p-h-
¶tXm, DS-a-Ø-X-bn-ep-ÅtXm, nb{´W-¯n-ep-ÅtXm, {]Xy-£-amtbm, ]tcm-£-amtbm Sn
kÀ¡m-cnsâ ^−v apXÂap-S¡n-bpÅ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Ifp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v tI{µ-
kÀ¡mcpw

2. 2
(ii) kwØ-m kÀ¡mÀ kvYm]n-¨tXm ne-hnÂsIm-−p-h-¶tXm DS-a-Ø-X-bn-ep-ÅtXm,
^−v apXÂ apS¡n -S-¯p-¶tXm AXnsâ nb-{´-W-¯n-ep-ÅtXm Bb s]mXp A[n-
Im-cn-Ifp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v AXmXv kwØm--kÀ¡m-cp-Ifpw BIp-¶p.
(b) tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ F¶mÂ
12þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]-h-Ip¸v {]Imcw kvYm]n-¡-s¸« tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³
(c) tI{µ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ F¶mÂ
5þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸« tI{µ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³
Hm^o-kdpw 2þmw D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]Imcw ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸« tI{µ Akn-Ìâv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-
j³ Hm^o-kdpw DÄs¸-Sp¶p
(d) “No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ”, “C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ” F¶mÂ
12þmw hIp-¸nsâ 3þmw D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]Icmw nb-an-¡s¸-«n-«pÅ No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-
Wdpw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dp-amWv
(e) “bpàm-[n-Imcn” F¶m þ
(i) temI-k-`-bnepw nb-a-k-`-bnepw k`-IÄ ne-hn-epÅ tI{µo-IrX `c-W-{]-tZ-i¯v
kv]o¡dpw, cmPy-k-`-bnepw kwØm At[m-a-Þ-e§fn sNbÀam-p-am-Wv.
(ii) kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bpsS Imcy-¯n kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bnse No^v PÌnkpw
(iii) ssl-tIm-S-XnIfpsS Imcy-¯n sslt¡m-S-Xn-bnse No^v PÌnkpw
(iv) `c-W-L-S--bntem AXnp Io-gntem Øm-]n-X-amb aäv A[n-Im-cn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v
{]kn-Ut−m KhÀ®tdm BIp¶p
(v) `c-W-L-S--bpsS 239þmw Ap-tO-Z-{]-Imcw nb-an-¡-s¸« `c-Wm-[n-Imcn
(f) “hnhcw” F¶m þ
ne-hn {]m_-ey-¯n-epÅ GXv nbaw aptJ-bpw Hcp s]mXp A[n-Im-cn¡v GXp cq]-
¯nepw e`y-am-¡m-hp-¶, tcJ-IÄ, {]am-W-§Ä, Ipdn-¸p-IÄ, kÀ¡p-e-dp-IÄ, D¯-c-hp-IÄ
temKv _p¡nkv Icm-dp-IÄ, dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ, t]¸-dp-IÄ, Cþ-sa-bn-ep-IÄ,A`n-{]m-b-§Ä, D]-
tZ-i-§Ä, ]{X-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ, t]¸-dp-IÄ, km¼-nfp-IÄ, amXr-I-IÄ XpS§nb GXp hkvXp-
¡fpw GsX-¦nepw kzIm-cy-Øm-]-s¯ kw_Ôn¨ GsX-¦nepw Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv cq]-
¯n tiJ-cn-¨n«pÅ hkvXp-¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.
(g) Ap-im-kn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p F¶mÂ
_Ô-s¸« kÀ¡mtcm bpàm-[n-Im-cn-Itfm Cu nb-aw-hgn S-¯p-¶ (Ap-im-k--I-fm-
Wv) nÀt±i§-fmWv
(h) “s]mXp A[n-Imcn” F¶mÂ

3. 3
(a) `c-W-L-S--bntem AXnsâ Iogntem ;
(b) ]mÀe-saâv nÀ½n¨ GsX-¦nepw nb-a-¯ntem ;
(c) kwØ-m nb-a-nÀ½mW k`-bpsS GsX-¦nepw nbaw hgntbm ;
(d) _Ô-s¸« kÀ¡mÀ ]pd-¯n-d-¡nb Hcp D¯c-hn³tatem hnÚm-]w hgntbm ;
ne-hn h¶tXm, cq]o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«tXm Bb kzbw-`-c-W-apÅ A[n-Im-cntbm,
t_mUntbm, C³Ìn-äyq-jtm BWv. Ch IqSmsX {]Xy£amtbm, ]tcm-£-amtbm,
{]kà kÀ¡m-cnsâ ^−n n¶v ;
(i) bYmÀ°-¯n [-k-lmbw ÂIp-¶tXm, nb{´-W-¯ntem, DS-a-Ø-X-bntem DÅ
t_mUn ;
(ii) bYmÀ°-¯n [-k-lmbw e`n--¡p¶ kÀ¡m-cn-Xc kwL-S--IÄ ; XpS§n-bhbpw
CXn DÄs¸-Sp¶p.
(i) tcJ F¶mÂ
(i) GXv ^bepw {]am-Whpw ssIs¿-gp¯v {]Xnbpw ;
(ii) Hcp {]am-W-¯nsâ ssat{Im^nenw ssat{Im-^n-sj-^m-Ivkn-anen tIm¸n-Ifpw ;
ssat{Im-^n-en-an (hep-Xm-¡ntbm AÃm-sX-tbm) tiJ-cn-¨n«pÅ {]Xn-_nw-_-§fpw Ah-
bpsS ]p-cp-Xv]m-Z-hpw
(iv) I¼yq«À hgntbm AsÃ-¦n asä--sX-¦nepw b{´-¯mtem nÀ½n-¡p¶ tcJ-Ifpw
DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.
(j) Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Imiw F¶mÂ
GXv s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS nb-{´-W-¯n³- Io-gntem ssIh-itam DÅ Ffp-¸-¯nÂ
e`y-am-¡m-hp¶ hnh-c-§Ä¡pÅ Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. Cu Ah-Imiw Xmsg ]d-bp-¶-h-IqSn
DÄs¡m-Åm-hp-¶-XmWv.
(i) {]am-W-§-fp-tSbpw tcJ-I-fp-tSbpw ]cn-tim-[ ;
(ii) Ipdn-¸-Sn-IÄ FSp-¡p-¶-Xpw -{]-amW-§-fp-tSbpw tcJ-Ifp-tSbpw km£y-s¸-Sp-¯nb
tIm¸n-IÄ FSp-¡p-¶Xpw `mK-§Äam{Xw FSp-¡p-¶Xpw aäpw ;
(iii) GXv ]ZmÀ°-¯n-tâbpw km£y-s¸-Sp-¯nb km¼n-fp-IÄ FSp-¡p-¶Xv ;
(iv) I¼yq-«-dntem AXp-t]m-epÅ aäp kwhn-[m--§fntem tiJ-cn¨ h¨n-«pÅ hnh-c-§Ä
UnkvIp-IÄ, ^vtfm¸n-IÄ, tS¸p-IÄ, hoUntbm Imk-äp-IÄ apX-emb cq]-¯ntem, AsÃ-
¦n atä-sX¦nepw CeIv-t{Sm-Wn¡v cq]-¯ntem, {]nâv Hu«p-IÄ hgntbm e`y-am-¡p-¶Xpw
DÄs¸-Sp¶p
(k) kwØ-m C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ F¶mÂ
15þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]--h-Ip¸v {]Imcw cq]o-I-cn¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ kw-Øm C³^Àta-j³
I½o-j-mWv.
(l) “kwØ-m No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³” F¶mÂ
15þmw hIp-¸nsâ 3þmw D]--h-Ip¸v {]Imcw nb-an¡s¸Sp¶ kw-Øm No^v C³^Àta-j³
I½o-j-Wdpw kwØ-m C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jWdpw BWv.
(m) “kwØ-m ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ F¶mÂ

4. 4
5þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]--h-Ip¸v {]Imcw nbpà-mb -kw-Øm ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³
Hm^o-k-tdbpw 2þmw D]-h-Ip¸v {]Imcw ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ Akn-Ìâv ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kdpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.
(n) aq¶mw-I£n F¶mÂ
hnh-c-§Ä¡mbn At]-£n-¡p¶ ]uc--Ãm¯ Hcp hyàn-tbbpw, Hcp s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-
tbbpw DÄs¡m-Åp¶p.
A²ymbw 2
Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Im-ihpw s]mXp A-[n-Im-cn-IfpsS IS-a-Ifpw
3. Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Imiw
Cu nb-a-¯nsâ hIp-¸p-IÄ¡v hnt[-b-ambn FÃm ]uc-·mÀ¡pw Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Im-
i-ap-−v.
4. s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-IfpsS IS-a-IÄ
(F) Cu n-baw hgn-bm-bpÅ Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Imiw kpK-a-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡v
FÃm tcJ-Ifpw Xcw-Xn-cn¨v ]«n-I-bp-−m¡n Ap-tbmPyamb coXn-bn kq£n-¡p-I,
IqSmsX I¼yq-«dn kq£n-¡m-p-X-Ip¶ tcJ-IÄ, ymb-amb ka-b-¯n-p-Ånepw hnh-c-
e-`y-X-bpsS ASn-Ø-m-¯nepw I¼yq-«dn e`y-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v Dd¸p hcp-¯p-Ibpw
A¯cw tcJ-IÄ cmPy-hym-]-I-ambn Hcp säv hÀ¡n-eqsS _Ôn-¸n-¨p-sIm−v A¯cw
tcJ-IfpsS e`yX kpK-a-am-¡pI.
(_n) Cu nb-a-nÀ½m-W-¯nsâ-b¶v XpS§n qän-bn-cp-]Xv Znh--k-§Ä¡p-Ån Xmsg-¸-d-
bp-¶h {]kn-²o-I-cn-t¡-−XmWv.
(i) kwL-S--bpsS hni-Zmw-i-§fpw, {]hÀ¯--§fpw, Npa-X-e-Ifpw
(ii) DtZym-K-Ø-cp-tSbpw, tPmen-¡m-cp-tSbpw, A[n-Im-c-§fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw
(iii) Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡Â {]{Io-b-bn Ap-hÀ¯n-t¡− S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä
IqSmsX hln-t¡− taÂtm-«hpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯hpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.
(iv) kwL-S--bpsS {]hÀ¯--§Ä nÀh-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn XoÀ¨-s¸-Sp¯nb nb-a-§Ä
(v) {]hÀ¯ nÀh-l-W-¯n-mbn tPmen-¡mÀ D]-tbm-Ks¸Sp¯p-¶tXm AsÃ-¦nÂ
AXnsâ nb-{´-W-¯ntem ssIh-itam DÅ nb-a§fpw N«-§fpw, tcJ-Ifpw eLp-{K-
Ù-§fpw
(vi) AXnsâ ssIh-i-ap-ÅtXm nb-{´-W-¯n-ep-ÅtXm Bb ]e hn`m-K-§-fn-epÅ
{]amW-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp {]kvXm-h
(vii) b-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯npw {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡p-¶-Xn-p-ambn s]mXp-P--§fn n¶v hnZ-
Kvt[m-]-tZiw tXSp-¶-Xnpw {]mXn-n-[y-¯n-p-am-bpÅ {Iao-I-c-W-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pÅ hni-Zo-
I-c-W-§Ä
(viii) t_mÀUp-IÄ, Iu¬kn-ep-IÄ, I½än-IÄ XpS§n AXnsâ D]-tZ-i-¯n-mbn cq]o-I-
cn-¨n-«pÅ ct−m AXn-e-[n-Itam hyàn-I-f-S§nb aäp t_mUn-I-fp-tSbpw tbmK-§-fnÂ
s]mX-p-P--¯nv {]th-i--kzm-X-{´y-apt−m AsÃ-¦n tbmK§fnse anp«vkv AhÀ¡v
{]m]y-am-tWm-sb¶v
(ix) DtZym-K-Ø-cp-tSbpw, Poh--¡m-cp-tSbpw Hcp taÂhn-emk ]«nI
(x) Hmtcm DtZym-K-Øpw, Poh--¡m-cpw kzo-I-cn-¡p¶ amk-h-cp-amw N«§fn ÂIn-
bn-«pÅ jvS-]-cn-lmc k{¼-Zm-b-apÄs¸sS

5. 5
(xi) Hmtcm GP³kn¡pw Ap-h-Zn¨n«pÅ _UvPäpw, FÃm ]²-Xn-IfpsS hni-Zmw-
i§fpw nÀ±njvS sNe-hp-Ifpw, ]Ww ÂIn-bXp kw-_Ôn-¨pÅ dnt¸mÀ«p-Ifpw
(xii) klm-b-[w e`n-¡p¶ ]²-Xn-bpsS IrXy-nÀh-l-W-coXn, KpW-t`m-àm-hnv ]²Xn-
{]-Imcw Ap-h-Zn¨ XpI-bpÄs¸sS
(xiii) AXv Ap-h-Zn-¨n-«pÅ Bp-Iq-ey-§fpw AwKo-Im-chpw Ap-hm-Zhpw e`y-am-Ip¶
KpW-t`m-àm-hn-s-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hni-Zmw-i-§Ä
(xiv) Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv cq]-¯n sNdp-Xm¡n ssIh-i-ap-ÅtXm e`y-am-¡m-hp-¶tXm Bb
hnh-c-§-fpsS hni-Zmwi§Ä
(xv)]uc-·mÀ¡v hnh-c-§Ä tSp-¶-Xnv e`y-am-¡n-bn-cp¶ kuI-cy-§Ä hmb--im-e-Ifpw
aäpw s]mXp-P-m-hn-iy-¯n-p-th−n ne-nÀ¯p-¶p-s−¦n Ahn-Sps¯ {]hÀ¯--k-a-b-
apÄs¸-sSbpÅ Imcy-§Ä
(xvi) s]mXp-t_m-[ DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS t]cv, XkvXnI AS-¡-apÅ hniZmw-i-§Ä
(xvii) nÀt±-in-¨n-«pÅ aäp hnh-c-§Ä
CsXÃmw FÃm-hÀjhpw ]pXp¡n {]kn-²o-I-cn-t¡-−Xp−v
(kn) s]mXp-P--§sf _m[n-¡p¶ b-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw Xocp-am--§Ä Adn-
bn¡p-t¼m-tg¡pw Ahsb kw-_Ôn-¡p¶ {]k-à-amb FÃm hkvXp-X-Ifpw ]cky-am-
¡Ww
(Un) `c-W-]-c-am-b-htbm AÀ²-o-Xn-ymb kz-`m-h-ap-ÅtXm Bb Xocp-am--§Ä FSp-¡p-
t¼mÄ AXp _m[n-¡p¶ hyàn-IÄ¡v AXnsâ Imcy-Im-c-W§Ä hyà-am-¡-Ww.
(2) H¶mw D]hIp-¸nsâ t¢mkv _n {]Imcw FÃm s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw s]mXp-P--
§Ä¡v IrXy-amb CS-th-f-Ifn hnhn-[-§fmb CâÀs-äpÄs¸-sS-bpÅ hnn-ab kmt¦-
X-§-fn-eqsS Ign-bp-¶{X hnh-c-§Ä ÂIm³ th−n S-]-Sn-IÄ kzta-[bm kzoI-cn-¡m³
]cn-{i-an-¡-Ww. A§s Cu nb-a-¯nsâ D]-tbm-Ks¯ B{i-bn-¡pI hgn s]mXp-P--
¯nv AhÀ¡m-h-iyapÅ hnh-c§Ä tSm-m-Ipw.
(3) H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸nsâ Bh-iy-¯n-te-¡mbn FÃm hnh-c-§fpw s]mXp-P-§Ä¡v Ffp-
¸-¯n {]m]y-am-¡m-hp¶ Xc-¯n hym]-I-ambn {]N-cn-¸n-¡-Ww.
(4) tI{µ s]mXp-t_m-[ DtZym-K-Øtm kwØm s]mXp-t_m-[ DtZym-K-Øtm
sNe-hp-IÄ IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯vsIm−v Xs¶ FÃm hkvXp-X-Ifpw {]mtZinI Øe-§-fnÂ
{]mtZinI `mj-bn Ffp-¸-¯n {]m]y-am-Ip¶ coXn-bn hfsc ^e-h-¯mb hnn-a-
tbm-]m-[n-I-fn-eq-sS Ign-bp-¶Xpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv cq]-¯n kuP-y-ambn AsænÂ
nÀt±-in-¡p¶ A¨Sn sNehv AsÃ-¦n D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ am[y-a¯nsâ sNehv am{X-sa-
Sp¯v {]N-cn-¸n-¡-Ww.
hni-Zo-I-cWw :-þ aq¶pw mepw D]-h-Ip-¸p-I-fpsS Bh-iy-¯n-te-¡mbn {]N-cn-¸n-¡pI
F¶m GsX-¦nepw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS Hm^o-kp-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-XpÄs¸sS
tm«okv t_mÀUv, Zn-]-{X§Ä, ]cky Adn-bn-¸p-IÄ, am[ya kwt{]j-W§Ä,
CâÀsäv apX-emb amÀ¤-§-fn-eqsS s]mXp-P--§sf Adn-bn-¡pI AsÃ-¦n hn-n-ab S-
¯pI F¶m-WÀ°w
5. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-dpsS ]Zhn
1. FÃm s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw Cu nbaw nÀ½n¨v qdp Znh-k-¯n-p-Ån FÃm `c-W-
hn-`m-K-§fnepw AXn-pIognepÅ Hm^o-kp-I-fnepw Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw At]-£-IÀ¡v
hnh-c§Ä e`y-am-¡m³, tI{µ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀam-tctbm, kwØm
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀam-tctbm ntbm-Kn-¡pw.
(2) H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸nsâ hyh-Ø-I-tfmSv ap³hn-[n-I-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX FÃm s]mXp A[n-Im-
cn-Ifpw Cu nb-a-nÀ½m-W-¯nsâ qdp Znh-k-§Ä¡pÅn Hmtcm D]-Pn-Ãm-X-e¯nepw
D]-hn-`m-K-X-e-¯nepw Hcp DtZymK-Øs tI{µ Akn-Ìâv ]_vfnIv C³^Àtaj³ Hm^o-
k-dmtbm, kwØm Akn-Ìâv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-dmtbm ntbm-Kn-¡pw.
Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw hnh-c§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ At]-£-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnpw Ah-
Ø-b-p-k-cn¨v Ah DS³Xs¶ tI{µ ]_vfnIv C³^-À-ta-j³ Hm^o-kÀt¡m, kwØ-m
]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀt¡m AsÃ-¦n 19þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸n- ]d-

6. 6
ªn-«pÅ apXnÀ¶ DtZym-K-Øtm tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jtm, kwØm
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jtm Ab-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡m-mbn Hc-t]£ AsÃ-¦n A¸o tI{µ AknÌvâv ]_vfnIv
C³^Àtaj³ Hm^o-kÀt¡m kwØ-m Akn-Ìâv ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-
kÀt¡m kaÀ¸n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ]£w 7þmw hIp-¸nsâ H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸n ]dªn-«pÅ adp-
]-Sn-¡pÅ Imem-h[n IW-¡p-Iq-«p-t¼mÄ A©p-Zn-hk Ime-b-fhv AXn-tm-sSm¸w Iq«-
Ww.
(3). FÃm tI{µ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kdpw kwØ-m ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³
Hm^o-kdpw hnh-c§Ä tXSp¶ Atz-j-Iv Bh-iy-apÅ klmb kl-I-c-W-§Ä e`y-
am-¡Ww.
(4) ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ¡v Xsâ icn-bmb IÀ¯hy nÀÆ-l-W-¯nv Bh-
iy-sa-¶p-tXm-¶p¶ klmbw aäp DtZym-K-Ø-tcmSv tXSm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
(5) memw D]hIp¸p {]Imcw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ GsX-¦nepw DtZym-K-Ø-
tcmSv klmbw tXSn-bm Sn DtZym-K-س Bh-iy-amb FÃm klm-b-§fpw ÂtI-−-
Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw sN¿msX N«-ew-Lw S-¯n-bm Sn DtZym-K-Øs ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-dmbn IW-¡m¡pw.
6. hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ At]-£-IÄ
1). hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡m³ B{K-ln-¡p¶ hyàn Bh-iy-amb tcJ-IfpsS hnh-c§Ä
hyàam-¡n-sIm−v Cw¥o-jntem lnµn-bntem At]£ evIp¶ Øes¯ HutZym-KnI
`mj-bntem X¿m-dm-¡nb Hc-t]£ tcJm-aqtem Ce-Ivt{SmWnIv am[yaw hgntbm nÀ±njvS
^okv DÄs¸sS ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-t¡−Xm-Wv. F¶mÂ
At]£ FgpXn evIm³ ]äm¯ hyàn¡v ]d-bp¶ At]£ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶pXnpÅ
bpà-amb klmbw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-t¡−-Xm-Wv.
2) At]-£-Is _Ô-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-m-h-iy-amb hnh-c-§-f-ÃmsX At]-£-¡pÅ Imc-W-
§tfm asä-sX-¦nepw hyàn-]-c-amb hni-Zmw-i-§tfm At]-£-I-n n¶v Bh-iy-s¸-Sm-
hp-¶-X-Ã.
3) asämcp s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS {]hÀ¯--§fp-ambn hfsc ASp¯v _Ô-s¸«p InS-
¡p¶ hnj-btam AsÃ-¦n asämcp s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ssIh-i-apÅ hnh-c-§Ä
e`n-¡p¶Xn-mbn Hc-t]£ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ]¡Â kaÀ¸n-¨m Sn A[n-Imcn B
At]-£tbm, At]-£-bpsS Bh-iy-apÅ `mKtam HuNn-Xy-]qÀÆw _Ô-s¸« s]mXp
A[n-Im-cn¡v Ab-¡p-Ibpw s]s«¶v Xs¶ At]-£-Is hnh-c-a-dn-bn-¡pIbpw thWw.
Cu D]-h-Ip-¸nv Ap-kr-X-ambn S-¯nb At]-£-ssI-amäw, At]£ kzoI-cn¨v Ign-bp-
¶Xpw thK-¯n A©p-Zn-h-k-¯n-pÅn Xs¶ S-t¯-−-Xm-Wv.
7. At]-£-I-fn-t·-epÅ Xocp-amw
1). 5þmw hIp¸pw 6þmw hIp¸pw Ap-k-cn¨v Hc-t]-£ -In-«n-bm ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³
Hm^o-kÀ Ign-bp-¶{X thK-¯n F´m-bmepw 30 Znh-k-¯n-p-Ån nÀ±njvS ^okv
hm§n Bh-iy-s¸« hnh-c§Ä ÂIp-Itbm, F«pw ]¯pw hIp-¸p-I-fn ]d-bp¶ Imc-
W-§-fm nc-kn-¡p-Itbm sNt¿−Xm-Wv. Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnh-c§Ä Hcp hyàn-bpsS
Pohpw kzX-{´y-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«p-f-f-Xm-sW-¦n At]£ kzoI-cn¨v mev-]-¯n-sb«v
aWn-¡q-dn-pÅn AXv ÂtI-−XmWv.

7. 7
2) H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸n ]d-ªn-«pÅ Ime-b-f-hn At]-£-bn ]d-ªn-«p-Å hnh-c-§Ä
e`y-am-¡n-bn-sÃ-¦n At]£ ]_vfnIv C³^Àtaj³ Hm^o-kÀ nc-kn-¨-Xmbn IW-¡m-
¡pw.
3) hnh-c-§Ä ÂIp-¶-Xnv IqSp-X ^okv XpI AXnsâ sNe-hn-mbn hm§n-¡m³
Xocp-amw FSp-¡p-¶-]£w At]-£-Iv IqSp-X ^okv kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä Adn-bn-
¡p-Ibpw Sn ^okv AS-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw thWw. A{]-Imcw Adnbn--t¡-−-Xn-
te¡pw ^okv HSp-t¡-−-Xn-te¡pw th−n-h-cp¶ kabw ap¸Xp Znh-ks¯ Ime-b-fhv
IW-¡m-¡p-t¼mÄ Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-XmWv Cu Adn-bn-¸n At]£ kaÀ¸n¨ BÄ¡v ^okv
XpI hÀ²n-¸n¨ Xocp-am-s¯ ]p]-cn-tim-[n-¡m-pÅ Ah-Im-i-s¯¡p-dn¨pw, A¸oÂ
A[n-Imcn, ka-b-]-cn[n, S-]-Sn-{Iaw XpS§n-b-h-sb-¡p-dn¨pw {]Xn-]m-Zn¨n-cn-¡-Ww.
4) At]-£-I³ C{µnb kw_-Ô-amb sshj-ay-§Ä Ap-`-hn-¡p-¶-bm-fmWv F¦nÂ
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ ]cn-tim-[--¡pÄs¸sS kap-Nn-X-amb coXn-bnÂ
Abmsf klm-bn-t¡-−XmWv.
5) hnh-c-§Ä GsX-¦nepw Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv cq]-¯ntem, A¨-Snt¨m BWv e`y-am-¡p-¶-sX-
¦n At]-£-I³ 6þmw D]-h-Ip¸v {]Imcw nÀt±-in-¨n-«pÅ XpI AS-t¡−-Xm-Wv.
6) 7þmw hIp-¸nepw, 5Dw 6Dw hIp-¸p-I-fpsS 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nepw nÀt±in-¨n-«pÅ ^okv XpI
ymb-am-b-Xn-m AXn IqSpX XpI kÀ¡mÀ Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-bm-sW¶v tcJ-
s¸-Sp-¯n-b-h-cn n¶v CuSm-¡-cp-Xv.
7) 1þmw D]hIp-¸nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n Fs´-¦nepw Xocp-amw FSp-¡p-¶-Xnv ap¼v
DtZym-K-س aq¶mw I£n-IÄ 11þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw evInb Bt£]w ]cn-K-Wn-t¡-−-
XmWv.
8) 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n At]£ nc-kn-¡p¶ ]£w ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-
j³ Hm^o-kÀ
(i) At]£ nc-kn¨ Imc-W-§fpw
(ii) A¸o t_m[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ Ime-b-fhpw
(iii) A¸o A[n-Im-cn-bpsS hnh-c-§fpw At]-£-Is Adn-bn-t¡-−-XmWv.
9) Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ dn¡mÀUp-I-fpsS kpc-£n-X-Xz-¯ntm kq£n-¸ntm tZmj-I-c-amIp-¶n-
sÃ-¦n Bh-iy-s¸« cq]-¯n km[m-c-W-bmbn hnh-c§Ä e-vIp-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
8. hnh-c-§Ä ÂIp-¶-Xn n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-«h
Cu nb-a-¯n Fs´Ãmw {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw Xmsg ]d-bp¶ hnh-c§Ä Hcp ]ucv
shfn-s¸-Sp-¯ns¡m-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn n¶v Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.
F) C´y-bpsS ]c-am-[n-Im-c-s¯bpw, AJ-Þ-X-tbbpw, cmjv-{S-kp-c-£-tbbpw,
C´ybpsS bp²-X{´w, imkv{X-km-¼-¯nI Xmev]cyw F¶n-h-tbbpw A´ÀtZ-iob
kulmÀ± ]cn-]m-e--s¯bpw _m[n-¡p¶ hnh-c-§Ä
_n) tImS-Xn-Ifp-tStbm {Sn-_yq-W-ep-Ifp-tStbm Ah-Im-i-ew-L-§Ä¡v Imc-W-am-Ip-
¶tXm tImS-Xn-bp-¯-c-hp-IÄhgn ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv XS-ªn-cn-¡p-¶tXm Bb hnh-
c§Ä
kn) ]mÀe-saân-tâtbm kwØm nb-a-k-`-bp-tStbm {]tXyI Ah-Im-i-§-fpsS ewL--
¯np Imc-W-am-tb-¡m-hp¶ hnh-c-§Ä

8. 8
Un) s]mXp-P--Xm-ev]cyw, B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶nà F¶ bpàm-[n-Im-cn¡v Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn
t_m[y-s¸-«Xpw aq¶mw I£n-bpsS aÕ-cm-[n-jvS-TnX Øm-¯nv lmn-I-c-am-tb-¡m-
hp¶ hym]mc c-lky§Ä, kz¯v hmWnPy hnizm-kyX F¶nh DÄs¸sS hnh-c-§Ä ;
C) s]mXp-P Xmev]-cy-{]-Imcw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯Â Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶n-söv bpàm-[n-Im-cn¡v
Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn t_m[y-s¸«Xpw HcmÄ¡v Abm-fpsS ]c-kv]c hnizm-k-[n-jvTn-X-amb
_Ô-¯n-eqsS (Fiduciary relationship) e`n¨ hnh-c§Ä ;
F^v) ]c-kv]c hnizm-k-¯n hntZi cmPy-§fn n¶v kzoI-cn-¨- hn-h-c-§Ä ;
Pn) GsX-¦nepw hyàn-I-fpsS Pohtm, imco-cn-I-kp-c-£tbm A]-I-S-¯n-em-¡p-¶tXm,
kpc£m Dt±-iy-§Ät¡m nb-a--S-¯n-¸n-te-¡mbn hnizm-ky-X-bn ssIamdnb hnh-c-§-
fpsS Dd-hnSw Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ign-bp-¶-Xp-amb hnh-c-§Ä
F¨v) Ipä-hm-fn-IfpsS hnNm-c-W-tbtbm, Ad-Ìn-ttbm, Atz-j-W-{]-{In-bt¡m, XSÊw
hc-p-¯p¶ hnh-c-§Ä.
sF) a{´n-k` sk{I-«dn-amÀ, aäp DtZym-K-ØÀ, XpS§n-b-h-cpsS ncq-]-W-§Ä DÄs¸-
Sp¶ a{´n-k-`m-tc-J-IÄ.
a{´n-k`m Xocp-am--§Ä FSp-¡m³ B[m-c-am-¡nb hkvXp-X-Ifpw Imc-W-§fpw Xocpam--
§Ä S-¸n-em-¡n-b-tijw ]c-ky-am-t¡-−-Xm-Wv. Cu hIp¸v {]Imcw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-enÂ
n¶v Hgn-hm-¡-s¸« hnh-c§Ä ÂtI-−-Xn-Ã.
sP) hyàn-]-c-amb hnh-c-§sf kw_-Ôn-¡p-¶tXm s]mXp Xmev]-cyhpw {]hÀ¯--§fp-
ambn Hcp _Ô-hp-an-Ãm¯pw Hcp hyàn-bpsS kzIm-cy-Xsb ewLn-¡p-¶-Xp-amb hnh-c-
§Ä, ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀamtcm, A¸o A[n-Im-cn-Itfm, Cu hnh-c-§-
fpsS shfn-s¸-Sp-¯Â s]mXp-P--Xm-ev]-cymÀ°-am-sW¶v ImWm-¯n-S-t¯mfw Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-
cn-¡p-¶p.
(1) ]mÀe-saânpw nb-a-nÀ½m-W-k-`-IÄ¡pw ntj-[n-¡m¯ Hcp hnh-chpw hyàn¡pw
ntj-[n-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã.
(2) HutZym-KnI clky nb-a-¯n Fs´Ãmw {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw 1þmw D]-h-Ip¸p
{]Imcw Fs´ms¡ Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-«p-s−-¦nepw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-en-eq-sS kwc-£nX Xmev]-cy-
§Ä¡p-−m-Ip¶ lmn-tb-¡mÄ IqSp-X {]m[myw s]mXp-Xm-ev]-cy-¯n-p-s−-¦n-Â
s]mXp A[n-Imcn B hnhcw e`y-am-¡pw.
(3) 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nsâ (F), (kn), (sF) F¶o D]m-[n-IÄ¡v hnt[-b-ambn 6þmw hIp¸p
{]Imcw At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ hyàn¡v At]£ kaÀ¸n¨ XobXp apX 20 hÀjw
ap¼v S-¶tXm kw_-Ôn-¨tXm Bb Imcy§sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§Ä evtI-−Xm-Wv.
Ccp-]Xp hÀjw IW-¡m-t¡− Xob-Xn-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kw-i-b§Ä¡v nb-a-¯n kqNn-
¸n-¨n-«pÅ A¸o hgntbm, tI{µ-kÀ¡m-cntâ Xocp-amw hgntbm Bbn-cn-¡pw. tI{µ-
kÀ¡m-cnsâ Xocp-amw A´n-a-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
9. hnh-c-§Ä nc-kn-¡m-pÅ aäp Nne Imc-W-§Ä
8þmw hIp-¸nsâ DÅ-S-¡-¯nv hnLm-X-am-ImsX ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀamtcm,
At]-£-bn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶ hnh-c-§Ä cmjv{S-¯n-tâ-X-ÃmsX Hcp hyàn-bpsS ]IÀ¸-
h-Im-i-ew-L--am-sW¦n B hnh-c§Ä nc-kn-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv.
10. thÀXn-cn-¡Â (severability)

9. 9
(1) hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ Hc-t]£ ‘Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p’ F¶ Imc-W-¯mÂ
nc-kn-¡p-I-bm-sW¦n Cu nb-a-¯n Fs´Ãmw {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw Cu hnh-c§-
fn Ap-h-Zn-¡m-hp¶ `mK-§-fpÅ ]£w B `mKw aäp Hgn-hm-¡s¸« `mK§-fnÂ
n¶pw thÀXn-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-sW-¦n Ap-h-Zn-¡m-hp¶ `mKs¯ hnh-c-§Ä ÂtI-−-
XmWv.
(2) 1-þmw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw tcJ-bpsS Hcp `mKw hnh-c§Ä am{Xw ÂIp--t¼mÄ ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ Xmsg- ]-d-bp-¶h At]-£-Is Adn-bn-¡-Ww.
(F) Hgn-hm-¡-s¸« `mK-§Ä Ign-¨pÅ tcJ-bnse hnh-c-§Ä am{X-amWv ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-
¶Xv ;
(_n) Xocp-am--¯nsâ Imc-W§fpw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb Is−-¯-ep-Ifpw Ahbv¡v B[m-
c-amb hkvXp-X-X-Ifpw ;
(kn) Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p-¶-bm-fpsS t]cpw XkvXn-Ibpw ;
(Un) At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶-bmÄ IW-¡m-t¡− ^oknsâ hni-Zmw-i-§fpw At]-£-
I³ evtI− ^okpw ;
(C) hnh-c-§Ä shfn-s¸-Sp-¯msX Hcp `mKw Hgn-hm-¡-s¸« Xocp-amw ]p-]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-
¶-Xn-pÅ At]-£-Isâ Ah-Im-i§fpw ^okpw At]-£-]{Xw ka-b-]-cn[n, {]{Inb
F¶nh IqSmsX 19þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw hIp-¸n kq-Nn-¸n-¨n-«pÅ apXnÀ¶ DtZym-K-س,
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ, F¶n-h-sc-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hni-Zmw-i-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯-
Ww.
11. aq¶mw-I£n hnh-c-§Ä
(1) ]_vfnIv C³-^Àtaj³ Hm^o-kÀ, kaÀ¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp At]-£-bn-t·Â
aq¶mw I£nsb kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ Fs´-¦nepw hnh-c-§tfm, tcJ-Itfm, AsÃ-¦n Abm-
fnÂn¶v kzoI-cn-¨Xpw, aq¶mw-I£n cl-ky-ambn IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xp-amb hnh-c§Ä shfn-
s¸-Sp-¯m³ Dt±-in-¡p-¶p-sh-¦n At]-£ -In«n A©p-Zn-h-k-¯n-p-Ån B DtZym-K-
س At]-£-sb-¡p-dn¨pw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ `mKtam, tcJtbm hyà-am¡n sIm−v Hcp
tm«okv ÂtI-−Xpw C¡m-cy-¯n Fs´¦nepw Bt£-]-ap-s−-¦n hm¡mtem
tcJm-aq-etam aq¶mw-I£n kaÀ¸n-t¡-−Xm-Wv. hnh-c-§Ä shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-Wtam
th−tbm F¶p Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ aq¶mwI£n-bpsS Cu Bt£-]hpw ]cn-K-Wn-
t¡-−-Xp-−v.
F¶m nb-a-{]-Imcw kwc-£-W-apÅ hym]mc þ hyh-kmb cl-ky-§-sfm-gn-¨pÅ kwK-
Xn-I-fn aq¶mw-I-£n¡v kw`-hn-¡m-hp¶ tZmj-§-sf-¡mfpw D]-{Z-h-§-tf-¡mfpw IqSp-
X {]m[myw s]mXp-Xm-ev]-cy-¯n-m-sW-¦n A¯cw hnh-c-§Ä ÂIm-hp-¶-XmWv.
(2) 1þmw D]-h-Ip¸v {]Imcw ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ tm«okv e`n¨v ]¯p Znh-k-¯n-p-ÅnÂ
aq¶mw I£n¡v hnh-c-§fpsS shfn-s¸-Sp-¯Â kw_-Ôn¨v Fs´¦nepw Bt£-]-ap-
s−¦n AXv t_m[n-¸n-¡m-pÅ Ah-kcw ÂtI-−-XmWv
(3) 7þmw hIp-¸n Fs´ms¡ {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ
6þmw hIp-¸p-{]-Im-c-apÅ At]£ kzoIcn¨v mev]Xv Znh-k-¯n-pÅn 2þmw D]-h-Ip¸v
{]Imcw aq¶mw I£n¡v Bt£]w t_m[n-¸n-¡m-pÅ Ah-kcw ÂIn-b-tijw hnh-c-
§tfm, tc-J-Itfm shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-Wtam th−tbm F¶v Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡-pIbpw AXv
kw_-Ôn¨v aq¶mw I£n¡v Hcp tm«okv Ab¡p-Ibpw thWw;

10. 10
(4) 3þmw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw ÂIp¶ tm«o-kn 19þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw aq¶mw I£n¡v
A¸o ÂIp-¶Xn-pÅ Ah-Im-i-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Hcp {]kvXm-h DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-Ww
A²ymbw 3
tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³
12. tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ cq]o-I-cWw
(1) HutZym-KnI Kk-änse hnÚm--]w hgn tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ Cu nbaw hgn ÂIn-bn-cn-
¡p¶ A[n-Im-c§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ cq]o-I-
cn¡pw.
(2) Xmsg ]d-bp-¶-hÀ DÄs¸-Sp-¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³
(F) No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³
(_n) Bh-iy-apÅ, F¶m F®w ]¯n Ihn-bm-sX-bpÅ tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-
j³
(3) No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jWtdbpw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀam-scbpw Xmsg-]-d-
bp-¶-h-cpÄs¸-Sp¶ I½n-än-bpsS ip]mÀi {]Imcw cmjv{S-]Xn nb-an¡pw
(i) I½n-än-bpsS A²y-£-mb {][m--a{´n
(ii) temI-k-`-bnse {]Xn-]-£-t-Xmhv
(iii) {][m--a{´n ma-nÀt±iw sN¿p¶ Hcp tI{µ Im_n-äv a{´n
hni-Zo-I-cWw
kwib Zqco-I-c-W-¯n-mbn temI-k-`-bnse {]Xn-]-£-t-Xmhv F¶XpsIm−v, AwKo-I-cn-
¡-s¸« Hcm-fpsS A`m-h-¯n temI-k-`-bn kÀ¡m-cn-s-Xn-sc-bpÅ Gähpw henb
{]Xn-]-£-I£nbpsS tXm-hm-bn-cn-¡pw.
(4) tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ taÂtm«w, `c-W--S-¯n¸v, Imcy-nÀÆ-lWw apX-
emb Imcy-§Ä No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wdn-emWv n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamÀ C¡m-cy-§-fn No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wsd klm-
bn-¡p-Ibpw tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ Cu nb-a-¯nse asämcp A[n-Im-cn-bp-tSbpw
BÚ-IÄ¡v hnt[-b-am-ImsX kzbw-`-c-W-co-Xn-bn A[n-Im-c§Ä {]tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-
XmWv.
(5) No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wdpw C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-WÀamcpw s]mXp Pohn-X-
¯n t{ijvScpw nbaw, imkv{X-km-t¦-XnIw, kmaq-ly-tk-hw, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯w,
_mlp-P--am-[y-a-§Ä, `c-W-nÀÆ-lWw F¶o taJ-e-Ifn hn]p-e-ambn Adnhpw Ap-`-
hhpw DÅ Bfp-Ifmbncn-¡-Ww.
(6) No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wdpw C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-WÀamcpw ]mÀe-saân-
setbm, kwØm nb-a-nÀ½mW k`-Ifntetbm AwK-§-fm-bn-cn-¡-cp-Xv. AhÀ GsX-
¦nepw cmjv-{Sob ]mÀ«n-I-fp-tStbm AsÃ-¦n AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-«pÅ Hcp HutZym-KnI
]Zhn hln-¡p-¶-htcm, hym]m-ctam AsÃ-¦n asä-s´-¦nepw sXmgn hym]r-Xtcm
Bbn-cn-¡-cp-Xv.

11. 11
(7) tI{µ C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-sâ BØm-w UÂln-bn-em-bn-cn-¡pw. tI{µ kÀ¡m-
cnsâ ap³Iq-«n-bpÅ Ap-a-Xn-{]-Imcw I½o-jv C´y-bpsS aäp `mK§-fnepw Imcym-e-
b§Ä Øm]n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
13. HutZym-KnI Imem-h-[nbpw tkh hyh-Ø-Ifpw
1) No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-WdpsS HutZym-KnI Imem-h[n ]Z-hn-bn {]th-in-¡p¶
A¶v XpS§n 5 hÀj-am-bn-cn-¡pw. No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wdmbn hnc-an¨ Hcmsf
ho−pw AtX ]Z-hn-bn nb-an-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã. Hcp C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wdpw Adp-]-
¯n-b©v hb-Ênv tijw No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-WÀ ]Zhn hln-¡p-hm³ ]mSp-f-f-
X-Ã.
2) FÃm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamcpw ]Z-hn-bn {]th-in-¡p¶ A¶v XpS§n 5
hÀjw hsctbm AsÃ-¦n 65 hbÊv XnI-bp-¶Xv hsctbm GXmtWm BZyw AXv hsc
HutZym-KnI ]Z-hn-bn XpS-cpw. C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dmbn Ahsc ho−p nb-an-¡m-
hp-¶-X-Ã. Cu D]-h-Ip¸v {]Imcw ]Z-hn-sbm-gn-bp¶ FÃm C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-KØcpw
12þmw hIp-¸nsâ 3þmw D]-h-Ip¸v {]-Imcw No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dmbn nb-an-¡-
s¸-Sm³ tbmKy-cm-Wv. C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wdmbn
nb-an-¡-s¸-«m C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-W-À, No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-W-À F¶o
ne-Ifn BsI-bpÅ A©p-hÀjw Xs¶-bm-bn-cn¡pw HutZym-KnI Imem-h-[n.
(3) No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wtdm, C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-Wtdm ]Z-hn-bn {]th-in-
¡p-¶Xntm Npa-Xe G¡p-¶-Xntm ap¼v cmjv{S]-Xn-bp-sStbm AsÃ-¦n At±-l-
¯m nbp-à-amb Hcm-fpsS ap¶n H¶mw ]«n-I-bn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n«pÅ coXn-bn {]-
XnÚ FSp-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
(4) C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dntm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dntm bpà-sa¶v Icp-
Xp¶ ka-b¯v cmjv{S-]-Xn¡v tcJm-aqew cmPn kaÀ¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. 14þmw hIp-¸nÂ
hnh-cn-¨n-«pÅ coXn-bn C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wdpw No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wdpw
]Z-hn-bn n¶v o¡w sN¿-s¸-Smw.
(5) tkh hyh-Ø-Ifpw i¼-fm-p-Iq-ey-§fpw :
F) No^v C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-WdpsS tkh hyh-Ø-Ifpw i¼-fm-p-Iq-ey-§fpw
No^v Ce-£³ I½o-j-W-dp-tS-Xnv Xpey-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
_n) C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-WdpsS tkh hyh-Ø-Ifpw i¼-fm-p-Iq-ey-§fpw Ce-
£³ I½o-j-W-dp-tS-Xnv Xpey-am-bn-cn-¡pw. No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm C³^Àta-
j³ I½o-j-Wtdm Ah-cpsS nb-a ka-b¯v ap¼v C´ym kÀ¡m-cnsâtbm kwØm
kÀ¡m-cpIfp-sStbm Iogn C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-
Wtdm Bbn tkhw ApjvSn-¨-Xnsâ `mK-ambn s]³j³ XpItbm atäsX-¦nepw Bp-
Iq-ey-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-s−¦n Ah-cpsS i¼fw B XpI IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v Ipd-t¡-
−Xm-Wv.
No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm, C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm, Ah-cpsS nb-a ka-
b¯v tI{µ nb-a--{]Im-ctam, kwØm nb-a-{]-Im-ctam Øm-]n-X-amb Hcp tImÀ¸-td-
j-ntem, AsÃ-¦n tI{µ kÀ¡m-cnsâtbm, kwØm nb-a--{]-Im-ctam Øm]n-X-amb
Hcp tImÀ¸-td-j-n-tem, AsÃ-¦n tI{µ kÀ¡m-cnsâtbm, kwØm kÀ¡mcp-Ifp-
sStbm A[o--X-bn-epÅ GsX-¦nepw I¼-n-bntem tkhw Ap-jvTn-¨-Xnsâ `mK-am-bn«v
s]³j³ Bp-Iq-ey-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡p-¶ps−¦n Ah-cpsS i¼fw dn«-bÀsa-âv Bp-Iq-
ey§Ä¡v kam--ambn Ipd-t¡-−Xm-Wv.

12. 12
No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WdptStbm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dp-tStbm nb-a--¯nv
tijw AhÀ¡v {]Xn-Iq-e-amb coXn-bn i¼-f-¯ntem Bp-Iq-ey-§fntem aäp tkh
hyh-Ø-IÄt¡m amäw hc-p¯m-hp-¶-X-Ã.
6) tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ¡pw, C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ¡pw
nb-a--{]-Im-c-apÅ Ah-cpsS IÀ¯y-hy-§Ä Imcy-{]m-]vXn-tbmsS nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-m-h-
iy-amb, DtZym-K-Ø-tcbpw tPmen-¡m-tcbpw -b-an-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw nb-an-¡-s¸-
Sp¶ DtZym-K-Ø-cp-tSbpw tPmen¡m-cp-tSbpw i¼-f-tk-h hyh-Ø-IÄ nÀt±-i-
§Ä¡p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
14. No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ, C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ F¶n-hsc
]Z-hn-bn n¶v o¡w sN¿Â :
1) aq¶mw hIp-¸nsâ hyh-Ø-IÄ¡-p-kr-X-ambn No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm
AsÃ-¦n GsX-¦nepw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wdpamtcm X§-fpsS ]Z-hn-bn n¶v
o¡w sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xnv ap³]v cmjv{S-]-Xn-bpsS d^-d³knsâ ta kp{]ow tImSXn
Atz-jWw S¯n Ah-cpsS A]-a-cym-Ztbm Ign-hn-Ãm-bvatbm B[mc-am¡n ]Z-hn-bnÂ
n¶v o¡w sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-sW¶v Adn-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ Hcp-¯-chv aptJ cm-jv{S-]Xn
Ahsc o¡w sN¿p-¶p.
2)GsX-¦nepw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wsdtbm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wsdtbm
kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Atz-jW ka-bt¯m H¶mw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bnÂ
cmjv{S-]Xn d^-d³kv S-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ ka-bt¯m AXp-{]-Imcw kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bnÂ
n¶v cmjv{S-]-Xn¡v dnt¸mÀ«v e`n¨v D¯-c-hp-IÄ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xp-h-sctbm Ahsc
]Z-hn-bn n¶v kkvs]³Uv sN¿p-Itbm HutZym-KnI Imcy§fn n¶v hne-¡mtm
cmjv-{S-]-Xn¡v A[n-Imcw D−m-bn-cn-¡pw.
3) H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸n ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Fs´m-s¡-bm-bmepw Xmsg {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cn-
¡p¶ Imc-W-§-fn³ta No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wsdtbm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-
Wtdtbm o¡w sNbvXp-sIm−v cmjv{S-]-Xn¡v D¯-chv ]p-d-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv
F) ]m¸-cmbn XoÀ¸p Iev]n-¡-s¸-«mÂ
_n) cmjv{S]-Xn-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n kZm-Nmc A]-{`wiw DÄs¡m-Åp¶ Hcp Ipä-¯nv
A]cm[n-bm-sW¶v Is−-¯n-bmÂ
kn) HutZym-KnI ]Z-hn-bn-en-cns¡ {]Xn-^ew ]äp¶ asä-sX-¦nepw tPmenbn GÀs¸-«mÂ
Un) imco-cn-I-amtbm am-kn-I-amtbm DÅ _e-£bw aqew ]Z-hn-bn XpS-cm³ km[y-a-
söv cmjv{S-]-Xn¡v t_m[y-am-bmÂ
C) No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ, C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ F¶o ]Z-hn-Ifn-epÅ
IÀ¯y-hy-§sf ]£-]m-X-]-c-ambn _m[n-¡m-n-S-bp-ÅtXm km¼-¯n-Itam AsÃ-¦nÂ
asä-sX¦nepw Xmev]-cy§tfm HcmÄ BÀÖn-¨n-«p-s−-¦nÂ
4) No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm C³Uym kÀ¡m-cn-
sâtbm AsÃ-¦n kÀ¡m-cn-p-th-−ntbm Asæn GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯n ]s¦-
Sp¡p¶ Icm-dp-Ifn-epw DS-¼-Sn-Ifnepw AXn n¶pÅ em`-¯ntem aäm-p-Iq-ey-§fntem
Hcp I¼-n-bpsS km[m-cW AwK-sa¶ coXn-bn-e-ÃmsX Fs´-¦nepw Xmev]-cy-sa-Sp-¡p-
Itbm atäm sNbvXm H¶mw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw AbmÄ A]-a-cym-Z-bmbn s]cp-am-dn-b-
Xmbn IW-¡m-¡pw.

13. 13
A²ymbw mev
kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³
15. kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ cq]o-I-cWw
1) HutZym-KnI Kk-änse hnÚm-]w hgn FÃm kwØm kÀ¡m-cp-Ifpw
.................... (kwØm--¯nsâ t]cv) C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ F¶ t]cn nbaw
hgn ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ A[n-Im-c-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡mpw IÀ¯-hy-§Ä nd-th-äp-hm-
p-ambn Hcp t_mUn cq]o-I-cn-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
2) kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ Xmsg-]-d-bp-¶-h-sc-¡qSn DÄs¡m-Åp-¶-Xm-bn-
cn-¡pwþ
F) kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ
_n) ]¯n¡q-SmsX Bh-iy-sa¶p Icp-Xp-¶-{Xbpw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamÀ
3) kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-tdbpw kwØm C³^Àta-j³
I½ojWÀam-tcbpw Xmsg ]d-bp-¶-h-cpÄs¸-Sp¶ I½n-än-bpsS ip]mÀi-{]-Imcw
KhÀ®À nb-an-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
1) I½-än-bpsS A²y-£-mb apJy-a{´n
2) 2) nb-a-k-`-bnse {]Xn-]£ tXmhv
3) apJy-a{´n ma-nÀt±iw sN¿p¶ Hcp Iym_n-äv a{´n
hni-Zo-I-cWw
kwi-b-Zq-co-I-c-W-¯n-m-bn, {]Xn-]-£-t-Xmhv Bcm-sW¶v hyà-a-sÃ-¦n nb-a-
k-`-bnse Gähpw henb {]Xn-]-£-I-£n-bpsS tXm-hns {]Xn-]-£-t-Xm-hmbn IW-¡m-
¡p-¶-Xm-sW-¶v.
4) kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ taÂtm-«w, amÀ¤-ZÀiw ImcynÀÆ-lWw
apX-emb Npa-X-e-IÄ kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dn-emWv n£n-]vX-
am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXn-mbn Cu nb-a-¯nse atä-sX-¦nepw A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS amÀ¤-
ZÀi--§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am-¡msX kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv kzb-tah D]-
tbm-Kn-¡m-hp¶ FÃm A[n-Im-c-§fpw At±-l-¯n n£n-]vX-am-Wv. kwØm
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamÀ At±-ls¯ HutZym-KnI IrXy-§-fn klm-bn-¡p-
¶-Xm-Wv.
5) kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wdpw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamcpw
s]mXp-Po-hn-X-¯n t{ijvTcpw nb-aw, imkv{X-þ-km-t¦-XnIw, kmaq-ly-tk-h-w,
]{X-{]-hÀ¯w, _lp-P--am-[y-a-§Ä, `c-W-nÀÆ-lWw F¶o taJ-e-I-fn hn]p-e-
amb Adnhpw Ap-`hhpw DÅ Bfp-I-fm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

14. 14
6) kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wdpw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamcpw
]mÀe-saân-tetbm, kwØm nb-a-nÀ½mW k`-I-fn-tetbm AwK-§-fmbncn¡-cp-
Xv. AhÀ GsX-¦nepw cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«n-I-fp-tStbm AsÃ-¦n AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸-
«pÅ HutZym-KnI ]Zhn hln-¡p-¶-h-tcm, hym]-c-¯ntem AsÃ-¦n atä-sX-¦nepw
sXmgn-en hym]r-Xtcm Bbn-cn-¡-cp-Xv.
7) kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ BØmw kwØm kÀ¡mÀ HutZym-Kn-I-
Kk-än-eq-sS-bpÅ hnÚm-]--¯n-eqsS Xocpam n¡p-¶n-S¯v Bbn-cn-¡pw.
kwØm kÀ¡m-cnsâ ap³Iq-«n-bpÅ Ap-aXn {]Imcw I½o-jv kwØm--
¯nsâ aäp-`m-K-§-fnepw Imcym-e-b-§Ä Øm]n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
17. HutZym-KnI Imem-h-[nbpw tkh hyh-Ø-Ifpw
1. kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dpsS HutZym-KnI Imem-h[n At±lw ]Z-
hn-bn {]th-in-¡p¶ A¶p XpS§n A©p-hÀj-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
Hcp kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½ojWdpw Adp-]¯n A©p hb-Ên-p-tijw
]Zhn hln-¡p-hm³ ]mSp-Å-X-Ã.
2) FÃm kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamcpw ]Z-hn-bn {hth-in-¡p¶ A¶p
XpS§n A©p-hÀjwhtctbm AsÃ-¦n Adp-]-¯©p hbÊp XnI-bp-¶-Xp-h-sctbm
GXmtWm BZyw AXp-hsc HutZym-KnI ]Z-hn-bn XpS-cpw. Ahsc ho−pw
kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dmbn nb-an-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã.
Cu D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]m-Icw ]Zhnsbmgn-bp¶ C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-K-Øcpw ]Xn-©mw
hIp-¸nsâ aq¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]-Imcw kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dmbn
nb-an-¡-s¸-Sm³ tbmKy-cm-Wv. kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ No^v kwØm
C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j-W-dmbn nb-an-¡-s¸-«mepw C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ, No^v
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ F¶o ne-I-fnÂU BsI-bpÅ A©p-hÀjw Xs¶-bm-bn-
cn¡pw HutZym-KnI Imem-h-[n.
3. kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-tdm, C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm ]Z-hn-
bn {]th-in-¡p-¶-Xntm Npa-X-e-tb¡p-¶-Xtm ap¼v KhÀ®-dp-tStbm AsÃ-¦nÂ
At±-l-¯m nbp-à-mb Hcm-fp-sStbm ap¶n H¶mw ]«n-I-bn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-«pÅ
coXn-bn {]Xn-Ú-sb-Sp-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
4. kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dntm AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³
I½o-j-W-dntm bpà-sa¶p Icp-Xp¶ ka-b¯v KhÀ®À¡v tcJm-aqew cmPn
kaÀ¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. 17þmw hIp-¸n hnh-cn-¨n-«pÅ coXn-bn kwØm C³^Àta-
j³ I½o-j-Wdpw kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dhpw ]Z-hn-bn n¶v
o¡w sN¿-s¸-Smw.
5. tkh hyh-Ø-Ifpw i¼-fm-p-Iq-ey-§fpw

15. 15
F) kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dpsS tkh--hy-h-Ø-Ifpw i¼-fm-p-Iq-
ey-§fpw Ce-£³ I½o-j-W-dp-tS-Xnv Xpey-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
_n) kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dpsS tkh--hy-h-Ø-Ifpw i¼-fm-p-Iq-ey-
§fpw kwØm kÀ¡m-cnsâ No^v sk{I-«-dn-bp-tS-Xnv Xpey-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm, C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm Ah-
cpsS nb-a ka-b-¯v, ap¼v ´ym kÀ¡m-cn-sâtbm kwØm kÀ¡m-cp-I-fp-
tStbm Iogn kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-
j-Wtdm Bbn tkh--a-p-jvTn-¨-Xnsâ `mK-ambn s]³j³Xp-I-tbm, atä-sX-¦nepw
Bp-Iq-ey-§tfm kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-s−-¦n Ah-cpsS i¼fw B XpI IW-¡n-se-
Sp¯v Ipd-bvt¡-−-Xm-Wv.
kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm Ah-
cpsS na-b ka-b¯v tI{µ nb-a-{]-Im-c-tam, kwØm nb-a-{]-Im-ctam Øm]n-
X-amb Hcp tImÀ¸-td-j-ntem AsÃ-¦n tI{µ kÀ¡m-cn-sâtbm kwØm
kÀ¡m-cn-tâtbm A[o--Xn-b DÅ GsX-¦nepw I¼-n-bntem tkh--a-p-jvSn-¨-
Xnsâ `mK-am-bn«v s]³j³ Bp-Iq-ey-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-s−-¦n Ah-cpsS
i¼fw dn«-bÀsaâv Bp-Iq-ey-§Ä¡v kam--ambn Ipd-bvt¡-−-Xm-Wv. kwØm
No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dp-tStbm kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-cp-
sStbm nb-a-¯v#nv tijw AhÀ¡v {]Xn-Iq-e-amb coXn-bn i¼-f-¯ntem Bp-
Iq-ey-§-fntem aäp tkh--hy-h-Ø-IÄt¡m amäw hcp-¯m-hp-¶-X-Ã.
6) kwØm kÀ¡mÀ kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ¡pw kwØm
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀamÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS IÀ¯-hy-§Ä Imcy-{]m-]vXn-tbmsS
nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-m-h-iy-amb DtZym-K-Ø-tcbpw tPmen-¡m-tcbpw nb-an-t¡-−-Xm-
Wv. C{]-Imcw nb-an-¡-s¸-Sp¶ DtZym-K-Ø-cp-tSbpw tPmen-¡m-cp-tSbpw i¼-f-tk-
h hyh-Ø-IÄ nÀt±-i-§Ä¡-p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
17) kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ, kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-
WÀ F¶n-hsc ]Z-hn-bn n¶v o¡w sN¿Â
1) aq¶mw hIp-¸nsâ hyh-Ø-IÄ¡-p-kr-X-ambn kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³
I½o-j-Wtdm AsÃ-¦n GsX-¦nepw kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-dp-amtcm
X§-fpsS ]Z-hn-bn n¶v o¡w sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xnv ap¼v KhÀ®-cpsS d^-
d³knsâ ta kp{]ow-tIm-SXn Atz-jWw S¯n Ah-cpsS A]-a-cym-Ztbm Ign-
hn-Ãmbvtam B[m-c-am¡n ]Z-hn-bn n¶v o¡w sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-sW¶v Adn-bn-¡p-
t¼mÄ Hcp-¯-hcv aptJs KhÀ®À Ahsc o¡w sN¿p-¶p.
2) GsX-¦nepw kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-sdtbm kwØm
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-sdtbm kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Atz-j-W-k-a-bt¯m H¶mw D]-
h-Ip¸p {]Imcw kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn KhÀ®À d^-d³kv S-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ ka-b-
t¯m, AXp-{]-Imcw kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn n¶v KhÀ®À¡v dnt¸mÀ«v e`n-¨v, D¯-c-
hp-IÄ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xp-h-sctbm Ahsc ]Z-hn-bn n¶v kkvs]³Uv sN¿p-

16. 16
Itbm HutZym-KnI Imcy-§-fn n¶v hne-¡mtm KhÀ®À¡v A[n-Imcw D−m-bn-
cn-¡pw.
3) H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸n ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Fs´m-s¡-bm-bmepw Xmsg {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cn-
¡v#p¶ Imc-W-§-fnÂta kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-td-tbm,
kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-tdtbm o¡w sNbvXp-sIm−v KhÀ®À¡v ]pd-
s¸-Sp-hn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
F) ]m¸-cmbn XoÀ¸n Iev]n-¡-s¸-«mÂ
_n) KhÀ®-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n kZm-Nmc A]-{`w-i-apÄs¡m-Åp¶ Hcp Ipä-¯nv
A]-cm-[n-bmbn Is−-¯n-bmÂ
kn) HutZym-KnI ]Z-hn-bn-en-cns¡ {]Xn-^ew ]äp¶ atä-sX-¦nepw tPmen-bn GÀs¸-
«mÂ
Un) imco-cn-I-amtbm am-kn-I-amtbm DÅ _e-£bw aqew ]Z-hn-bn XpS-cm³ km[y-a-
söv KhÀ®Àt¡m t_m[y-am-bmÂ
C) kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ, C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ F¶o ]Z-
hn-I-fn-epÅ IÀ¯-hy-§sf ]£-]m-X-ambn _m[n-¡m-n-S-bp-ÅtXm km¼-¯n-I-
amtbm AsÃ-¦n atä-sX-¦nepw Xmev]-cy-§Ä HcmÄ BÀÖn-¨n-«p-s−-¦n :
4) kwØm kÀ¡mÀ ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶tXm AsÃ-¦n kÀ¡m-cn-p-th-−n-tbm,
kÀ¡mÀ tcnt«m GÀs¸-Sp¶ Icm-dp-I-fn-eDw DS-¼-Sn-I-fnepw Hcp I¼-n-bnse
km[m-cW AwK-sa¶ ne-bn Ignªv Fs´-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ Bp-Iq-ey-
§Ät¡m, em`-hn-ln-X-¯ntem kwØm No^v C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-W-tcm,
kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-Wtdm Fs´-¦nepw Xmev]-cy-sa-Sp-¯m H¶mw
D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]-Imcw AbmÄ A]-a-cym-Z-bmbn s]cp-am-dn-b-Xmbn IW-¡m-¡pw.
A²ymbw 5
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ A[n-Im-c-§fpw IÀ¯-hy-§-fpw
B¸nÂ, in£-IÄ
18. I½o-jsâ A[n-Im-c-§fpw; Npa-X-e-Ifpw
1) Cu nba¯nse hIp-¸p-IÄ¡v hnt[-b-ambn Xmsg-]-d-bp¶ GsXm-cm-fn n¶pw
]cmXn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶Xpw ]cm-Xn-ta Atz-jWw S-¯p-¶Xpw tI{µ C³^Àta-
j³ I½o-j-sâtbm kml-N-cy-{]-Imcw kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-sâtbm
Npa-X-e-bm-bn-cn-¡pw.
F) tI{µ ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ AsÃ-¦n kwØ-B ]»nI C³^Àta-
j³ Hm^o-kÀ nb-an-¡-s¸-«n-Ãm-¯-Xp-sImt−m tI{µ Akn-Ìâv ]»nIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ AsÃ-¦n kwØm Akn-Ìâv ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³

17. 17
Hm^o-kÀ, hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡p-¶-Xnmbn kÀ¸n¨ At]-£-tbm, Asæn nb-a-
{]-Im-c-apÅ A¸o tI{µ ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀt¡m, kwØm
]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀt¡m AsÃ-¦n 19þmw hIp-¸nsâ (1) þmw D]-h-Ip-
¸n nÀt±-in-¨n-«pÅ apXnÀ¶ DtZym-K-Øtm tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-tm,
kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jtm Ab-¡m³ nc-kn-¡p-¶Xv sImt−m, tI{µ
]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀt¡m kwØm C³^Àtaj³ Hm^o-kÀt¡m
At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡m³ Ign-bm-sX-t]mb hyàn-bpsS :
_n) Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw At]£ kaÀ¸n-¨n-«pw hnh-c-e-`yX nc-kn-¡-s¸« At]-£-I-
n n¶pw;
kn) Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw hnh-c-§Ä¡mbn At]£ kaÀ¸n-¨n-«pw nÀ±njvS ka-b-]-cn-[n-
¡p-Ån adp-]Sn e`n-¡m¯ At]-£-I-n n¶pw
Un) Aym-b-am-sW¶v At]-£-I³ Icp-Xp¶ ^okv ÂIm³ nÀ_-Ôn-¡-s¸-«mÂ
F^v) Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw tcJ-IÄ¡m-bpÅ At]-£-tbm, AXp-t-Sp-¶-Xntm kw_-
Ôn¨ FÃm Imcy-§-fpw.
2. tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv Hcp
hnj-b-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Atz-j-W-¯nv aXn-bmb Imc-W-§-fp-s−-¦n AXp
kw_Ôn¨v Hc-tz-jWw Bcw-`n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
3. Cu hIp-¸p-{]-Imcw GsX-¦nepw hnj-b-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v tI{µ C³^Àta-j³
I½o-j³ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ Atz-jWw S-¯p-
t¼mÄ, Xmsg ]d-bp¶ Imcy-§sf kw_Ôn¨v 1908 se tImUv Hm^v knhnÂ
{]okvPy-bÀ {]Im-cw, Hc-ym-b-¯n-t·Â hnNm-cWw S-¯p¶ knhnÂtIm-S-Xn-bpsS
A[n-Im-c-§Ä I½o,-n n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
F) Hcp hyàn-tbmSv tImS-Xn-bn lmP-cm-¡m-pÅ Iev] Ab¡p-I, Abm-fpsS
lmPÀ S-¸n hcp-¯p-I, {]Xn-Ú-bpsS ASn-Øm--¯n tcJm-aq-etam
hm¡mtem sXfnhp ÂIm³ nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-I, {]am-W-§fpw aäpw hkvXp-¡fpw
Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ip.
_n) {]am-W-§-fpsS k¼m-Z-hpw Ah-bpsS ]cn-tim-[-bpw
kn) kXy-hm-§vaq-ew-hgn kzoI-cn-¡p¶ sXfn-hp-IÄ
Un) GXv Hm^o-kn nt¶m tImS-Xn-bn nt¶m Bh-iy-apÅ s]mXp-tc-J-IÄ Bh-iy-
s¸-SpI.
km£n-Isf hnkvX-cn-¡p-¶-Xntm AsÃ-¦n {]am-W-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xntm
tImS-Xn-bn lmP-cm-Imtm lmP-cm-Im-pÅ Iev]--IÄ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-I.
F^v) nÀt±-in-¡-s¸-Sp¶ aäv Imcy-§fpw

18. 18
5) ]mÀe-saânsâ GsX-¦nepw nb-a-{]-Im-ctam AsÃ-¦n kwØm nb-a-k-`-bpsS
nb-a-{]-Im-ctam s]mcp-¯-s¸-Sm¯ Fs´ms¡ {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw tI{µ
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ Cu nb-a-
{]-Imcw Hcp ]cm-XnX Atz-jn-¡p-t¼mÄ s]mXp-A-[n-Im-cn-I-f-ipsS nb-{´-W-¯n-
ep-ÅXpw Cu nbaw _m[-I-hp-amb tcJ-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. Hcp Imc-W-
¯mepw {]kvXpX tcJ-I-sfm¶pw XSªp hbv¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã.
18) A¸oÂ
1) Ggmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸ntem AsÃ-¦n 3þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nsâ D]-hmIyw
(F) {]Imcw nÀt±-i-¨n-«pÅ ka-b¯v Hcp Xocp-amw e`n-¡m¯ hyàntbm AsÃ-
¦n tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-dp-sStbm kwØm C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-dp-
tSbpw Xocp-am--¯n ]cm-Xn-bpÅ hyàn-Ifpw ]cmXn DÅ-hÀ ap¸Xp Znh-k-¯n-
p-Ån ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-sd-¡mÄ DbÀ¶ dm¦n-epÅ DtZym-K-Ø-sâ-
b-Sp¯v A¸o kaÀ¸n-t¡−XmWv.
A¸o lÀPn-¡m-cv bYm-k-abw A¸o ÂIm³ Ign-bm-¯Xv aXn-bm-b-Im-c-W-
§Ä aqe-am-sW¶v t_m[y-am-Ip¶ ]£w {]kvXpX DtZym-K-Øv Ime-]-cn-[n¡v
tijhpw kaÀ¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ ]cm-Xn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
2) 11þmw hIp-¸p-{]-Imcw aq¶mw I£nsb kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§Ä ÂIm-pÅ
]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-dpsS D¯-c-hn-s-Xnsc _Ô-s¸« aq¶mw I£n ap¸-
Xp-Zn-h-k-¯n-p-Ån A¸o kaÀ¸nt¡−Xm-Wv.
3) 1þmw D]-h-Ip¸v {]Im-c-apÅ Xocp-am--¯n-s-Xnsc Xocp-amw FSp-¯n-−m-bn-cp-
¶tXm AsÃ-¦n kzoI-cn-¨tXm Bb Znhkw XpS§n sXm®qdp Znh-k-¯n-p-ÅnÂ
Hcp c−mw A¸o C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv kaÀ¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
A¸o lÀPn-¡m-cv bYm-k-abw A¸o ÂIm³ Ign-bm-¯Xv aXn-bm-b-Im-c-W-
§Ä aqe-am-sW¶v t_m[y-am-Ip-¶-]£w C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv Ime-]-cn-[n¡v
tijhpw kaÀ¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ ]cm-Xn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
4) ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ Xocp-amw aq¶mw I£n-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-«p-
ÅXpw A¸o kaÀ¸n-t¡-−-Xm-sW-¦n aq¶mw I£n¡v Abmfpw `mKw hni-Zo-I-
cn-¡m-pÅ Ah-kcw ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv ÂtI-−-Xm-Wv.
5) A¸o S-]Sn {Ia-§-fn At]£ nc-kn-¨-Xnv ImcWw ÂIm-pÅ _m[yX
{]kvXp At]£ nc-kn¨ DtZym-K-Ø-m-bn-cn-¡pw.
6) 1 Dw 2 Dw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw kaÀ¸n-¡-s¸« A¸o-ep-IÄ, A¸o ÂIn ap¸-Xp-Zn-
h-k-¯n-p-Ån XoÀ¸m-t¡-−-Xm-Wv. AsÃ-¦n A¸o ^b sNbvXv m¸¯n
A©v Znh-k-§Ä¡p-Ån Imc-W-§Ä tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n XoÀ¸m-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.

19. 19
7) tI{µ CsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ Xocp-amw _m[-I-am-bn-
cn¡pw
8) tI{µ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ
Xmsg ]d-bp¶ Imcy-§Ä IqSn DÄs¡m-Åp-¶p.
1) {]tXy-I-t^m-an At]-£n-¨n-«p-s−-¦n hnh-c-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS;
2) tI{µ AsÃ-¦n kwØm ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ t#m^o-kÀamsc nb-an-¡p-¶-Xn-
eqsS
3) hnh-c-§Ä AsÃ-¦n Xcw-Xn-cn¨ hnh-c-§Ä
4) tcJ-I-fpsS in-¸n-¡Â, ]cn-]m-ew , ssIImcyw sN¿Â F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-
«pÅ S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-fn Bh-iy-¯npÅ amä-§Ä hcp-¯p-¶Xp hgn;
5) Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Im-i-s¯-¡p-dn¨v DtZym-K-ØÀ¡pÅ ]cn-io-ew ÂIp-¶-Xn-
eqsS;
6) 4þmw -h-Ip-¸nsâ H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸nse D]-hmIyw (_n) {]Imcw Hcp hmÀjnI
dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS;
(_n) ]cm-Xn-¡m-c-p-−mb jvS-¯npw D−mb ln¡pw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-tbmSv jvS-
]-cn-lmcw ÂIm³ Bh-iy-s¸-SpI;
kn) Cu nb-a-¯n {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ GsX-¦nepw in£-IÄ Npa-¯pI;
Un) At]£-IÄ nc-kn-¡pI;
9) tI{µ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àtaj³ I½o-j³ ]cm-Xn-¡m-cpw s]mXp A[-n-
Im-cn-IÄ¡pw, A¸o Ah-Im-iw-IqSn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m−v tm«okv ÂtI-−-Xm-
Wv.
10) tI{µ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ nÀt±-in-¨n-«pÅ S-]-Sn-{I-a-
§Ä¡-p-kr-X-ambn A¸o-en Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
in£-IÄ
tI{µ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ GsX-¦nepw ]cm-Xn-bn-tem, A¸o-en-
tem, Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p¶ ka-b¯ tI{µ ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-ktdm AsÃ-¦nÂ
kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ Hm^o-ktdm ymb-amb Imc-W-§-fn-emsX hnh-c-§Ä
e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ At]£ nc-kn-¡p-Itbm AsÃ-¦n 7þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]-h-Ip¸v
{]Imcw nÀt±-in-¨n-«pÅ ka-b-]-cn-[n-¡p-Ån hnh-c-§Ä e`y-am-¡n-bn-«n-sÃ-¦n D¯a
hnizm-k-t¯m-sS-b-Ãm-sX, AsÃ-¦n Adn-ªp-sIm−v sXäm-btXm A]qÀ®hpw sXän-²-cn-
¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb hnh-c-§Ä ÂIn-sb¶v AsÃ-¦n At]-£-bn Bh-iy-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶
hnh-c-§Ä in-¸n-¨p-sh¶v AsÃ-¦n hnh-c-§Ä ÂIp-¶-Xnv hnLm-X-ap-−m-¡p-¶p-
sh¶v t_m[y-s¸-«m At]£ kzoI-cn¨ AsÃ-¦n hnh-c-§Ä e`y-am-¡nb A¶p-h-sc-
bpÅ Hmtcm Znh-k-t¯bv¡pw 250 cq] ]ng-bmbn I½o-jv Npa-¯mw. F§-s-sbm-s¡-
bm-bmepw in£-bm-bn-«pÅ BsI XpI Ccp-]-¯-¿m-bncw cq]-bn Ihn-bm³ ]mSn-Ã.

20. 20
tI{µ ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ¡v AsÃ-¦n kwØm ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³
Hm^o-kÀ¡v ]ng Npa-¯p-¶-Xn-p-ap³]v Xsâ `mKw hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m-pÅ Ah-kcw ÂtI-
−-Xm-Wv.
tI{µ ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-k-dp-sSbpw AsÃ-¦n kwØm ]»nIv C³^Àta-
j³ Hm^o-k-dp-sSbpw {]hÀ¯n-IÄ ipjvIm-´n-tbm-Sp-ÅXpw ymbo-I-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶Xpw
Bbn-cp-¶p-sh¶v sXfn-bn-t¡− _m[yX AhÀ¡v Xs¶-bm-bn-cn-¡pw.
2) tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ GsX-
¦nepw ]cm-bn-tem, A¸o-entem Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p¶ ka-b-¯v, tI{µ ]»nIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ ymb-amb Imc-W-§-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX hnh-c-§Ä tXSn-bpÅ
At]-£-IÄ nc-kn-¡p-Itbm AsÃ-¦n 7þmw hIp-¸nsâ 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]-Imcw
nÀt±-in-¨n-«pÅ ka-b-]-cn-[n-¡p-Ån hnh-c-§Ä e`y-am-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ
D¯a hnizm-k-t¯m-sS-b-ÃmsX AsÃ-¦n Adn-ªp-sIm−v sXäm-btXm
A]qÀ®hpw sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb hnh-c-§Ä ÂIn-sbt¶m AsÃ-¦n At]-
£-Inbve Bh-iy-s¸-«n-cn-¡¶ hnh-c-§Ä in-¸n-¨p-sht¶m AsÃ-¦n hnh-c-§Ä
ÂIp-¶-Xv hnLmXw D−m-¡p-¶p-sh¶v t_m[y-s¸-«m tI{µ ]»nIv C³^Àta-
j³ Hm^o-kÀ¡v AsÃ-¦n kwØm ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀs¡-Xnsc
AbmÄ¡v _m[-I-am-bn-«pÅ tkh--hy-h-Ø-IÄ¡-p-kr-X-ambn A¨-S¡ S-]Sn
ssIs¡m-Åm³ ip]mÀisNt¿-−-Xm-Wv.
A²ymbw Bdv
]e-hI
21. D¯-a-hn-izm-k-¯n kzoI-cn¨ S-]-Sn-IÄ¡v kwc-£Ww
Cu na-b-a-p-k-cnt¨m CXp-{]-Im-c-apÅ N«-§-f-p-k-cnt¨m D¯-a-hn-izm-k-¯nÂ
sNbvXtXm sN¿m-p-t±-in-¨tXm Bb bmsXm-¶ns kw_-Ôn¨pw bmsXm-cp-hy-àn-s¡-Xn-
scbpw knhnÂtItkm {Ian-ÂtItkm aäp-n-b-a--S-]-Sn-Itfm ]mSn-Ãm-¯-Xm-Ip-¶p.
2.2. Cu nb-a-¯nv ap³K-Wm kz`m-h-ap-−m-bn-cn¡pw (Overdignig effect)
1923 se HutZym-KnI cl-ky-n-b-a-¯n-te-tbm, aäp nb-a-¯ntem Cu nb-a-¯np hncp-²-
ambn Fs´ms¡ {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw nb-a-¯nse hIp-¸p-IÄ¡v ap³K-W--bp-−m-bn-
cn-¡pw.
2.3. tImS-Xn-I-fpsS A[n-Im-c-]-cn[n Hgn-hm-¡Â
Cu nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap-−mb bmsXm-cp-¯-chpw kw_-Ôn¨v tItkm, At]-£-tbm, S-]-
Sntbm Hcp tImS-Xnbpw kzoI-cn-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. A¯cw D¯-c-hp-IÄ Cu nb-a-{]-Im-c-
apÅ A¸o-ep-I-fn-e-ÃmsX asä§pw tNmZyw sN¿mpw ]mSn-Ã.

21. 21
2.4. Cu nbaw {]tXyI kwL-S--Isf _m[n-¡p-¶-X-Ã.
1) Cu nb-a-¯n ]d-bp¶ bmsXm¶pw c−mw ]«n-I-bn ]d-bp-¶Xpw tI{µ-
kÀ¡m-cn-m Øm]n-X-amb clky Atz-jW þ kpc-£, Øm]--§-fp-sSbpw
Ah kÀ¡m-cnv ssIam-dp¶ hnh-c-§-tfbpw _m[n-¡n-Ã. ap-jym-h-Imi ewL--
§-tfbpw Agn-aXn Btcm-]-W-§sf Ipdn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§Ä Cu D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]-Imcw
Hgn-hm-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã. ap-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L§sf kw_Ôn¨pÅ hnh-c-§-fmWv
Bh-iy-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¦n tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ Ap-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
am{Xta hnh-c-§Ä ÂIm-hq. 7þmw hIp-¸n Fs´ms¡ {]km-Xm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw
hnh-c-§Ä At]£ kzoI-cn¨v A¶p XpS§n mev]-¯n-b©p Znh-k-¯n-p-ÅnÂ
ÂtI-−-Xm-Wv.
2. atä-sX-¦nepw tI{µ þ kwØm kÀ¡m-cn-m Øm]n-X-amb cl-kym-tz-jW
kpcvIjm kwL-S--Isf þ DÄs¸-Sn-¯p-s¡mt−m Ct¸mÄ DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶
A¯cw kwL-S--Isf o¡w sNbvXp-sImt−m Kkäv hnÚm-]w hgn tI{µ
kÀ¡m-cnv ]«nI t`Z-KXn sN¿m-hp-¶Xpw Cu hnÚm-] Xob-Xn-ap-X A¯cw
Øm]--§Ä DÄs¸-Sp-¶-Xmbpw AsÃ-¦n o¡w sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xmbpw IW-¡m-¡p-
¶-Xm-Wv.
3. 2þmw D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]-Imcw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p¶ hnÚm-]w ]mÀe-saânsâ Ccp-k-`-IÄ
ap¼m-sIbpw kaÀ¸n-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
4. Cu nb-a-¯n ]d-bp¶ bmsXm¶pw kwØm kÀ¡m-cn-m Øm]n-X-am-b-tXm,
AsÃ-¦n {]kvXpX kÀ¡mÀ ka-bm-k-a-b-§-fn HutZym-KnI hnÚm-]w hgn
nÀt±-in-¡p-¶tXm Bb cl-kym-tz-jW þ kpc£ Øm]--§sf _m[n-¡n-Ã.
Agn-aXn Btcm-]-W-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§Ä Cu D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw Hgn-hm-¡m-
hp-¶-X-Ã.
ap-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L--§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§-fmWv Bh-iy-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-
¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ Ap-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn am{Xta hnh-c-§Ä
ÂIm-hq. 7þmw hIp¸n Fs´ms¡ {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cp-¶mepw At]£ kzoI-cn¨v
A¶p XpS§n mev]¯n A©p Znh-k-¯n-p-Ån ÂtI-−-Xm-Wv.
2.5. tamWn-ä-dn§pw dnt¸mÀ«n§pw
1) tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-WÀ
FÃm hÀj-¯n-sâbpw Ah-kmw ]c-am-h[n thK-¯nÂ, B hÀjw nb-a-¯nse
hIp-¸p-IÄ {]mtbm-KnIam¡n-b-Xns kw_-Ôn¨v Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm¡n _Ô-
s¸« kÀ¡m-cnv Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
2) Hmtcm a{´n-k-`tbm AsÃ-¦n `c-W-h-Ip-t¸m, Ah-cpsS A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn-ep-
ÅXpw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-Xp-amb hnh-c-§Ä tiJ-cn-¡p-Ibpw
tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-js AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-s,
hnh-c-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ Bh-iy-§Ä¡v Ap-kr-X-am-bn, Cu hIp-¸nsâ

22. 22
Dt±-iy-¯n-te-¡p-ambn tcJ-IÄ kq£n-¡mpw dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡m-p-ambn ÂtI-
−-Xm-Wv.
3) Hmtcm hÀj-t¯bpw dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ Xmsg-]-d-bp-¶h {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
(F) Hmtcm s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpw B hÀjw kzoI-cn¨v At]£I-fpsS F®w
(_n) hnh-c-§Ä e`y-am-¡-W-sa¶ At]-£-IÄ nc-kn-¨p-sIm-−p-−mb Xocp-am--§-fpsS
F®w. nb-a-¯nse GXp hIp¸v D]-tbm-Kn-¨mWv Cu Xocp-am--§-sf-Sp-¯-sX¶pw
Cu hIp¸p C{]-Imcw F{X XhW D]-tbm-Kn-s¨-¶-Xpw.
(kn) tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ
]cn-K-W-bv¡v Ab¨ A¸o-ep-I-fpsS F®w AsÃ-¦n ]px]-cn-tim-[-bv¡v Ab-
¨-h-bpsS F®w, A¸o-ensâ kz`m-hw., AXnsâ ]cn-WnX ^ew F¶n-hbpw D−m-
bn-cn-¡Ww :
(Un) Cu nb-a-¯nsâ S-¯n¸v {]Imcw GsX-¦nepw DtZym-K-ØsXncmbn A¨-S¡ S-
]Sn FSp-s¯-¦n AXnsâ hni-Zmw-i-§Ä.
(C) Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw Hmcv s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpw tiJ-cn-¨n-«pÅ XpI,
(F^v) Cu nb-a-¯nsâ k¯pbw bYmÀ° Dt±-iyhpw S-¸n-em-¡m-mbn s]mXp A[n-
Im-cn-I-fpsS `mK¯p n¶p-−mb ]cn-{i-a-§Ä Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¡v#p¶ hkvXp-X-IÄ;
(Pn) Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Im-i-¯nsâ `mK-ambn hnh-c-e-`yX IqSp-X {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡m-
mbn s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ¡pw ]ptcm-K-
XnIvÄ¡pw ho-I-c-W-§Ä¡pw thavSn Cu nb-a-¯ntem AsÃ-¦n CX-c-n-b-
a§fntem hcp-t¯− t`Z-K-Xn-Ifpw AsÃ-¦nIÂ {]k-à-amb asä-s´-¦nepw IqSn
DÄs¡m-Åp-¶-Xp-amb ]cn-jvI-c-W-§Ä¡p th−n-bpÅ ip]mÀiIfpw;
4) tI{µ kÀ¡mtcm kwØm kÀ¡mtcm FÃm hÀj-¯-sâbpw Ah-kmw ]c-am-
h[n thK-¯n tI{µ C³t^mÀ I½o-j-tâtbm dnt¸mÀ«nsâ Hcp tIm¸n ]mÀe-
saânsâ Ccp k`-I-fepw AsÃ-¦n kwØm nb-a-k-`-bnepw kaÀ¸n-t¡-−-Xm-
Wv.
5) tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-tâtbm AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-
sâbpw A`n-{]m-b-¯n Hcp s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS A[n-Imc hnn-tbmKw Cu
nb-a-t¯mSv CW-§n-s¨-cm-¯Xpw AXnsâ k¯ DÄs¡m-Å-¯-Xp-am-sW-¦nÂ, B
{]hÀ¯--§-fn nb-a-h-am-bpÅ tbmPn¸v hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-m-h-iy-amb S-]-Sn-
IÄ DÄs¡m-Åp¶ ip]mÀi {]kvXpX A[n-Im-cn¡v ÂtI-−-Xm-Wv.
26. tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ IÀ½-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ

23. 23
km¼-¯n-Ihpw aäp Xc-¯n-ep-Å-Xp-amb hcp-am--hn-`m-K-§-fnse e`y-X-bpsS
hym]vXn-¡-p-k-cn¨v _Ô-s¸« kÀ¡mÀ Xmsg ]d-bp-¶h {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡-Ww.
(F) Cu nb-a-¯n {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-«pÅ Ah-Im-i-§-fpsS hnn-tbm-K-¯n-mbn CXp kw_-
Ôn-¨pÅ Adnhv hÀ²n-¸n-¡m³ {]tXy-In¨pw {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-§-fn-epÅ kap-Zm-
b-§Ä¡mbn hnZym-`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-Ibpw iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw
sN¿p-I.
(_n) D]-hmIyw (F) bn kqNn-¸n-¨n-«pÅ ]cn-]m-Sn-Isf iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnpw Bhn-
jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xnpw aäpw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Isf t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡pbpw AhÀ
A¯cw ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Gsä-Sp-¡p-Ibpw thWw;
kn) s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-IÄ S-¯p¶ {]hÀ¯--§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ IrXy-amb hnh-c-§-fpsS
Imtem-Nn-Xhpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb {]Nm-c-W-§-Ä hÀ²n-¸n¡pI;
(Un) s]mXpA[n-Im-cn-I-fmb tI{µ-]-»nIv C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-K-Ø-tcbpw AsÃ-¦nÂ
s]mXp C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-K-Ø-tcbpw Bh-iy-apÅ ]cn-io-e hkvXp-¡Ä
ÂIn-s¡m−p Xs¶ ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡pI;
2. Cu nbaw S-¸nÂh¶ ]Xn-s«p amk-¯n-p-Ån {]kà kÀ¡mÀ HutZym-KnI
`mj-bn Cu nb-a-¯n {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-«pÅ Ah-Im-i-§Ä hnn-tbm-Kn¡m³ B{K-
ln-¡p¶ Hcp hyàn¡v AXn-m-h-iy-apÅ hnh-c-§Ä kam-l-cn¨v Ffp-¸-¯nÂ
{Kln-¡m-hp¶ Xc-¯n amÀ¤-nÀt±-i-§Ä X¿m-dm-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
3. Bh-iy-sa-¦n 2þmw D]-h-Ip-¸n kqNn-¸n-¨n-«pÅ amÀ¤-nÀt±-i-§Ä _Ô-s¸«v
kÀ¡m-cns IrXy-amb CS-th-f-I-fn ]pXp¡n {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. CXv
2þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nsâ s]mXp-X-Xz-¯nv FXn-cm-ImsX Xmsg ]d-bp-¶-Xp-IqSn DÄs¸-Sp-
¯p-¶p.
(F) Cu nb-¯nsâ Dt±-iy-§Ä
(_n) A©mw hIp-¸nsâ H¶mw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw nb-an-¡-s¸« s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-I-fp-
sS, tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-K-Øsâ AsÃ-¦n kwØm s]mXp C³^Àta-
j³ DtZym-K-Øsâ X]m hnem-kw, t^m¬, ^mIvkv F¶n-h-bpsS ¼-dp-IÄ
Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv sabn hnem-kw.
kn) tI{µ AsÃ-¦n kwØm s]mXp C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-K-ØÀ¡v hnh-c-§Ä e`n-
¡m³ ÂtI− At]-£-I-fpsS t^mdhpw coXn-Ifpw ;
Un) Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-«pÅ tI{µ s]mXp C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-
K-Ø-n nt¶m kwØm s]mXp C³^Àta-j³ DtZym-K-Ø-n nt¶m e`n-
¡m-hp¶ klm-b-§fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw :
C) tI{µ kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j-p-I-fn n¶p e`n-¡m-hp¶ klm-b-§Ä:

24. 24
F^v) Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶tXm AsÃ-¦n Npa-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶tXm Bb
Ah-Im-itam AsÃ-¦n IS-atbm kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡pw AsÃ-¦nÂ
A§s {]hÀ¯n-¶-Xn ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw ]cn-K-Wn¨v I½o-jv kaÀ¸n-¡p¶
A¸oepw AXv ÂtI− coXnbpw DÄs¸-sS-bp-f-Af ]cn-lm-c-§Ä
Pn) 4þmw hIp-¸n--p-kr-X-ambn Xcw-Xn-cn-¨n-Sv#p-SÅ tcJ-I-fpsS kzta-[bm DÅ-sh-fn-s¸-
Sp-¯-env kÖo-I-cn-¨n-«pÅ hIp-¸p-IÄ.
F¨v) hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡p-¶-X-pÅ At]-£-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v AS-t¡− ^okns
kw_Ôn¨ Imcy-§Ä.
sF) Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡p-¶Xp kw_-Ôn¨v ]pd-¯n-d-¡nb kÀ¡p-e-dp-
Ifpw AUo-j-W dKp-te-j-p-Ifpw Ds−-¦n AXpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
4) N«-§Ä nÀ½n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ tI{µ-kÀ¡m-cnsâ A[n-Imcw
1) Cu nb-a-¯nse hIp-¸p-IÄ S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv tI{µ kÀ¡m-cnv Kkäv hnÚm-
]w hgn N«-§Ä D−m-¡mw.
2) ap³hn-h-cn¨ s]mXp A[n-Im-c-¯nv hnLm-X-am-ImsX {]tXy-I-ambn Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶
Imcy-§Ä¡v N«-§-fp-−m-¡mw.
(F) 4þmw hIp-¸nsâ mew D]-h-Ip-¸p-{]-Im-c-apÅ {]Nm-c-W-¯np]tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hkvXp-
¡-fpsS hne, am[y-a-s¨-ehv (cost of medium) AsÃ-¦n A¨-Sn-sN-ehv :
_n) 6þmw hIp-¸nsâ H¶mw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw AS-bvt¡− ^okv :
kn) 7þmw hIp-¸nsâ H¶pw AR-ANpw hIp¸p {]Imcw AS-bvt¡− ^okv :
Un) 13þmw hIp-¸nsâ 7þmw D]-h-Ip¸pw ]Xn-mdmw hIp-¸nsâ Bdmw D]-h-Ip¸pw {]Imcw
ÂtI− DtZym-K-ØÀ¡pw aäp Poh--¡mÀ¡pw tkhhyh-Ø-Ifpw aäm-p-Iq-ey-
§fpw;
C) 19þmw hIp-¸nsâ ]¯mw D]-h-Ip¸v {]Im-capÅ A¸o-ep-IÄ Xocp-am-n-¡p-¶-Xnv
tI{µ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jtm AsÃ-¦n kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jtm
kzoI-cn-t¡− S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä :
F^v) Bh-iy-ap-ÅtXm nÀt±-in-¡-s¸-«tXm Bb Imcy-§Ä :
28. N«-§Ä nÀ½n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ bpàm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS A[n-Imcw
1) HutZym-KnI Kkäv hnÚm-]w hgn bpàm-[n-Im-cn¡v Cu nb-a-¯nse hIp-¸p-IÄ
S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn N«-§Ä nÀ½n-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv 2) ap³ hnh-cn¨v s]mXp A[n-
Im-c-¯nv hnLm-X-am-ImsX {]tXy-I-ambn Xmsg ]d-bp¶ Imcy-§Ä¡v N«-§-fp-−m-
¡mw.

25. 25
F) memw hIp-¸nsâ memw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Im-c-apÅ {]Nm-c-W-¯np]tbm-Kn-¡p¶
hkvXp-X-¡-fpsS hne, am[y-a-s¨-ehv (cost of medium) AsÃ-¦n A¨-Sns¨ehv
_n) Bdmw hIp-¸nsâ H¶mw D]-h-Ip¸p {]Imcw AS-bvt¡− ^okv
kn) Ggmw hIp-¸nsâ H¶mw D]-h-Ip¸p{]-Imcw AS-bvt¡− ^okv.
Un) Bh-iy-ap-ÅtXm Àt±-in-¨n-«p-ÅtXm Bb Imcy-§Ä
29. N«-§Ä kaÀ¸n-¡m³
1) tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ nÀ½n-¡p¶ N«-§Ä Ign-bp-¶Xpw thKw ]mÀe-saânsâ Ccp-k-`-I-
fnepw hbvt¡-−-Xm-Wv. ]mÀe-saâv IqSp¶ ka-b-am-sW-¦n Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam
skj-p-I-fn-embn ap¸Xp Znhkw Hcp-an¨v IqSp¶ ]£w Ccp-k-`-I-fnepw ]cn-K-W-
bv¡p hbv¡p-Ibpw N«-§-fn t`Z-KXnIÄ sN¿-W-sat¶m th−tbm F¶v Xocp-
am-n-¡p-Ibpw Cu N«-§Ä ths−¶v Xocp-am-n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXm Cu t`Z-K-Xn-b-
p-k-cnt¨m N«-§-fn-Ãm¯ coXn-bntem {]m_-ey-ap-−m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. F¶mÂ,
A¯cw t`Z-K-Xnt¡m d±m-¡-entm ap³]v N«-{]-c-Imcw sNbvXn-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§-
fpsS nb-a-km-[p-Xsb CXv _m[n-¡p-¶n-Ã.
2) Cu nb-a-¯n³ Iogn kwØm kÀ¡mÀ nÀ½n¨ N«-§Ä hnÚm-]w ]pd-s¸-
Sp-hn-¨-Xn-p-tijw Ign-bp-¶Xpw thK-¯n nb-a-k-`-bn hbvt¡-−-Xm-Wv.
30. XS-Ê-§Ä o¡m-pÅ A[n-Imcw
(1) Cu nbaw S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xnv Fs´-¦nepw XS-Ê-§Ä tcn-«m Ah o¡w
sN¿p-¶-Xnv Cu nb-a-¯nse hyh-Ø-IÄs¡-Xn-c-Ãm¯ Bh-iy-amb D¯-c-hp-
IÄ Kkäv hnÚm-]w hgn tI{µ-kÀ¡m-cnv ÂIm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ
bmsXmcp D¯-c-hp-Ifpw Cu nb-a-¯Â S-¸n-embn c−p-sIm-Ã-¯np tijw ]mSp-
Å-X-Ã.
(2) Cu hIp-¸p-{]-Imcw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p¶ FÃm D¯-c-hp-Ifpw AXn-p-tijw ]mÀe-
saânsâ Ccp-k-`-I-fnepw kaÀ¸n-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
31. d±m-¡Â
2002þse Adn-bm-p-Å kzX-{´y-n-baw (5 of 2003) CXn-m d±m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
µn þ An-tPm-k^v