2. Refusal is a face-threatening act to the
listener, because it contradicts his or her
expectations, and is often realized through indirect
strategies.
refusal occurs when a speaker
directly or indirectly says “no” to a
request or invitation.
3. Their study is about how the
conversation analysis literature
says that people typically refuse
offers
According
to
Kitzinger
and
Frith, they provide about the
conversation analysis and other
data sources to examine what
speakers say and the reason why
they can say it.
4. Example
A : Why don’t you come up and see me some [time
B:
[I would like to
There is no delay in this conversation, because the
acceptanse starts before the offer is completed.
The word “I would like to” uses direct speech
5. Sometimes we say like this :
“I wish I could make it to the party, but I have a lot of work to do”
This is actually communicating actions of refusals
Under the correct circumstances, a speaker can express
things like refusals. But we can also perform
communicative actions without directly saying it.
6. For example, to realize a refusal, someone may not
always say:
“I can't go to your party, I have a lot of work to do”
Directly refuse
Instead, we can perform the same action indirectly.
So, if someone says:
“I wish I could make it to the party, but I have a lot work to
do” Indirectly refuse
The whole utterance can be understood as a refusal
without directly express the action of refusal.
7. THE OTHER EXAMPLE
A : Uh if you’d care to come and visit a little while
this morning I’ll give you a cup of coffee
B : hehh Well that’s awfully sweet of you. I don’t
think I can make it this morning.. Hh uhm I’m
running an ad in the paper and-and uh I have to
stay near the phone.
The example above, Kitzinger
and Frith interviewed women
who talked about having
refused unwanted sex
In this case, it required much more
conversational work than just a
simple “no” because it is not
sufficient and necessary to be heard
8. Sometimes in refusal, there
are some points to be known
An outbreath as
a delay (hehh)
Reason for the
refusal (I’m running an ad
in the paper and-and uh I
have to stay near the phone)
A preface (Well that’s
awfully sweet of you)
Before it gets to the reason of the refusal
A further delay
(hh uhm)
Hedged (I don’t
think I can make it
this morning)
9. • From the example before just saying “no” was
not enough for a refusal in that kind of
situation, if many delays or answers that do
not fit and proper, then the listener can be
wrong interpreted it if the speaker accepted
his request.
10. Conclusion
So, to express refusal by just saying “no”
is not good and necessary to be heard by
the hearer. And refusal in indirectly is
better and polite to be heard. And also
the hearer can understand our reason of
our refusal.
