a short presentation about structural grammar

1. UNIVERSITY OF CARABOBO
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
MODERN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT
ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND GRAMMAR
PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR
TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR
Students: Heylin Rosario
Rodríguez Luis
Quinceno Ronald
Vélez Vanessa

2. DEFINITION
Traditional grammar is the collection of ideas about grammar
that Western societies have received from Greek and Roman
sources. Prescriptive grammar is usually formulated in terms
of the descriptive concepts inherited from traditional
grammar.

3. Prescriptive grammar - an attempt to tell the users of the
language how to use it in order to speak correctly. This is the
sense in which "I didn't do nothing"
Descriptive grammar - an attempt to describe the language as
it is being used, regardless of whether it is considered correct
or not. "I didn't do anything."

4. Main representatives and historical
background
• Greece 1) Protagoras (genders)
2) Platon (noun, verb)
3)Aristotle and the stoics: (other classes)
4)Dionysius (eight parts of speech)
• Middle Age Scholastic study of Latin Grammar
• Cartesian Linguistics Accurate description of grammatical facts
• XVIIIth Century Discovery of sanskrit grammar
• Humbolt Inner form and outer form

5. Greece
• Protagoras (gender): protagoras distinguished the three genders in Greek :
masculine, feminine, and things.
• Plato (verb,noun): Plato's main contribution was the distinction
between verbs and nouns.
Onoma noun
Rhema verb
Onoma and rhema are the constituents of the logos ( sentence).
Onoma can mean subject, nominal name
• Rhema can mean verb, predicate. Rhema includes verbs and also
adjectives. But Plato did not call it adjective.
• According to him the relation between onoma and rhema and their
meanings is a product of convention.

6. Aristoteles
• He'll keep the distinction of nouns and verbs, but he
added syndesmoi . This is a 3rd class. They are the
conjunctions. They are linking words.
• Aristotle realised that there were more than one tense in the
verbs: past actions, present actions. There were
correspondences between the actions and the tenses.
Category of time.

7. The stoics
• They studied language in their study of logic. Logic includes
grammar to the stoics.
• What they did was to look for the original forms with natural
connection. It's the study of ETYMOLOGY
• The beginning of the science of etymology is their main
contribution.
• But they also add more parts to the parts of the
speech(verb, noun, etc ) and they add the ARTICLE.

8. Dyonisius
Deal with the language of the previous era is something that
Dionysius thought was important. His method had two steps:
phonology and morphology (no syntax).
In phonology we don't get any phonetic study; it's the study of
the name of the Greeks letters and their different phonetic
values (this is phonology). Dionysius contributed with four
more parts of speech to the list of four of the stoics:
adverbs, participle, pronoun and preposition). This four plus
the other four is the standard now.