modal verb bachillerato

1. MODAL VERBS
 Cómo se distinguen
 Usos comunes
 Perífrasis verbales
 Modales perfectos
Habilidad
Peticiones
Posibilidad
Obligación
Sugerencia
Deducciones lógicas
Prohibición
Consejo
Ofrecimiento
Promesas, predicción
futuro

2. MODAL VERBS / MAIN VERBS
 Misma forma para todas las personas
 Seguidos de forma base/ infinitivo perfecto:
will be / will have been. Excepción: ought to.
 Le faltan las formas de infinitivo, -ing y participio.
 Son incompatibles entre sí.
 No llevan auxiliar para la negativa ( +not) ni para
interrogativa ( modal + sujeto+ v)
 No tienen tiempos verbales, sólo can /could : presente /
pasado.

3. USOS
Habilidad: Can, Could ( in the past)
Can you drive?
She could play the guitar when she was a child.
Permiso: Can: informal, para amigos, tiendas, restaurantes. May: muy
formal, en centros educativos.
Can I go out? Yes, you can
Peticiones: Can : informal. Could, may, will ,would: más educado y
formal, para desconocidos, gente mayor, profesores y jefes.
Can you lend me some money?
Could you tell me the time, please?
May I have your opinion?
Will you lend me your pen, please?
Would you pass me the sugar, please?
I'd like a return ticket, please.

4. USOS
Obligación: must, needn't ( ausencia de obligación ) ought to, should:
pueden indicar obligación moral.
You must take this medicine twice a day.
You needn't do all the exercises.
I ought to/ should spend more time with my family.
Posibilidad: can, could, may, might
It could/ might be useful to learn about other cultures.
It may snow tomorrow.

5. USOS
Sugerencia: Could, shall
We could go to the theatre.
Shall we go to the park?
Especular: could, may, might ( sin seguridad)
Whose could these glasses be?
It may be too late now to phone them.
Andy might be waiting for us now.
( Con seguridad sobre el futuro) will
This lesson will finish in 40 minutes.
( Con seguridad sobre el presente) must, can't
John must be busy because he didn't phone.
Those can't be my keys. I've got them here.
Prohibición: mustn't.
You mustn't cross when the light is red.

6. USOS
Consejo: should, ought to, had better.
Should / ought to: para recomendaciones en general.
Had better: en una situación concreta presente.
You ought to/ should work less.
You'd better take your umbrella.
Ofrecimiento: will, would, shall.
I'll carry those bags for you.
Would you like something to drink?
Shall I help you in the kitchen?
Promesas, predicción de futuro: will.
Debbie will get home late.
Will you write to me when you're away?

7. PERÍFRASIS VERBALES
Sustituyen a los verbos modales en pasado/ futuro o en las formas no
personales.
Have to + infinitivo: obligación en pasado y futuro. En presente equivale
a
must y en negativa a needn't.
My mum had to leave school at 16.
Alice will have to start school next september.
Be able + to + infinitivo: habilidad en futuro, infinitivo y participio.
I want to be able to speak German
I'll be able to drive soon.
I have never been able to play ball games.
Be allowed to + infinitivo: permiso, prohibición.
In the future we won't be allowed to drive in the city centre. Only
bicycles will be allowed.

8. MODALES + have + participio
Con esta estructura nos referimos a una acción pasada.
Arrepentimiento/ reprimenda: should have + participio
Ann should have gone to the doctor yesterday.
I shouldn't have told you my secret.
Posibilidad en el pasado: could / may + have + participio
He could have gone to university, but he didn't want to.
Pat isn't answering the phone. She may have gone out.
Certeza sobre un hecho pasado: must + have + participio
The exam was easy. I'm sure I've passed. I must have passed.