Impediments to morality

1. Impediments to Morality
Aligam, Monica
Boñon, Ellen

2. Impairments of Required
Knowledge
• Ignorance
• Error
• Inattention

3. Ignorance
• Lack of knowledge about a thing
• Can be divided into 2
– Invincible
• Ignorance cannot be dispelled by any means
– Vincible
• Ignorance that can be dispelled(avoided)
• Voluntary in cause or is provoked by conscious
negligence

4. Vincible Ignorance
• Simple
– Exists when one uses some, but not enough
diligence in an effort to remove ignorance
• Crass or Supine
– Though not directly willed, could and should be cleared up
but left wholly undisturbed (caused by negligence or
laziness)
• Affected
– Deliberately fostered in order to avoid any
obligation that knowledge might bring to light

5. Error
• False judgement or conviction
• Arises from deficient education, bad
company, or misleading information

6. Inattention
• Refers to momentary deprivation of insight

7. Impairments to Free Consent
• Passion
• Fear and Social Pressures
• Violence
• Dispositions and Habits

8. Passion or Concupiscence
• Movement of the sensitive appetite that
precedes the free decision of the will.
• Can be divided into 2 (Concupiscence)
– Antecedent Concupiscence
– Consequent Concupiscence
• Can be divided into 2 (Passion)
– Concupiscible
– Irascible

9. Concupiscence
• Antecedent Concupiscence
– Precedes the act of the will and is not willfully
stimulated by the will.
– Ex: Sudden feeling of joy, hatred, pity, grief,
anger, etc. as reactions to news and objects
presented to the senses
• Consequent Concupiscence
– Deliberately aroused by the will to ensure a
more prompt and willing operation.

10. Passion
• Concupiscible
– Passion through which the soul is simply
inclined to seek what is suitable according to
the senses and fly away from what is hurtful.
• Irascible
– Resists the attacks of any agents that hinder
what is suitable and inflict harm.
– Tendency to overcome and rise above
obstables.

11. Fear and Social Pressures
• Mental trepidation due to an impending
evil
– Grave fear
• Aroused by the presence of a danger that is
regarded by most people as serious.
– Slight fear
• Aroused by danger that is not serious and a grave
danger that is not very probable.

12. Violence
• Violence is caused by some physical or
psychic agent.
• There is no imputability, except insofar as
the inner will may have consented or
external resistance have fallen short of the
degree necessary and possible in the
circumstance.

13. Violence
• Perfect
– One in which complete resistance is given.
• Imperfect
– When some resistance is shown but not as
much as should be.

14. Disposition and Habits
• Facility and readiness of acting in a certain
manner acquired by repeated acts.
• Deliberately admitted habits do not lessen
voluntariness and actions resulting
therefrom are voluntary at least in their
cause.
• Habit weakens intellect and will.