This is a short information about afghanistan.

1. The Graveyard of Empires
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN
(IRA)

2. FLAG

3. MAP

4. • 34 provinces
• 398 Districts
• Climate: cold winters and arid summers
• Mountainous country: Hindu Kush main
mountain range
• Nationality: Afghan.
• Currency: Afghani.

6. HISTORY:
• This country was named Afghanistan on
1747 by great empire
• AHMADSHAH BABA DURANI
• Its area is 652864 Km/2

7. WARS WITH GREAT EMPIRES:
• Crossroad between different civilizations.
• Persia Conquered 522 – 488 BCE
• Alexander (The Great) Conquered 329-326 BCE
• Genghis Khan 1613 – 1689
• 1st Anglo: Afg – Eng war 1838 – 1842
• 2nd Anglo: Afg _ Eng war 1878
• 3rd Anglo: Afg – Eng war 1919

9. RUSSIANS (SOVIET TROOPS) INVADE:
• From 24.12.1979 to 15.02.1989
• 9 years 1 month and 22 days.
• 15000 Soviet Troops killed
• 1 million Afghans died
• Millions of afghans left Afg.

11. COMMUNISM PDPA
(PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF AFGHANISTAN):
• From 1978 to 1992
• Noor Muhammad Tarakay (1978 - 1979)
• Hafizullah Amin (4 months)
• Babrak Karmal (7 years)
• Dr Najibullah (5 years)

13. CIVIL WARS
(MUJAHEDDIN/WARLORDS/ISLAMISTS):
• From 1992 to 1996
• Destroyed every single thing
• Economy
• Education
• Security
• Health care
• Construction & …

15. TALIBAN
(ISLAMIC EMIRATE OF AFGHANISTAN):
• From 1996 to 2001
• No women freedom
• No men freedom
• No economy
• But
• Security

17. BONN 2001
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AFGHANISTAN:
• After operation enduring freedom in which the Taliban
government was toppled in Afghanistan, in December
2001, the German city of Bonn hosted a conference of
Afghan leaders of an Afghan Interim Authority – widely
Known as the Bonn Conference.

19. DEMOCRACY (2001 – PRESENT):
• 42,000 ISAF soldiers
• 100,000 US soldeirs
• More than 56 countries but
• Still war and not safety
• 2014 – foreigner troops left Afg.
• Afghan Forces took responsibility
• But there is still war…

21. POPULATION AND ETHNIC GROUPS:
• more than 30 millions
• Ethnic groups:
• Pashtuns 42%
• Tajiks 27%
• Uzbeks 9%
• Hazaras 9%
• Others 13% (Aimak, Baloch, Pashai, Nuristani & …)

23. LANGUAGES AND RELIGION:
• Official languages: Pashto and Dari
• Non official languages: uzbek, Turkmen, balochi,
pashayi, Nuristani and…
• Religion: 99% Muslims. 1% Hindus, Sickhs and
1 gew (zabilon)

24. CULTURE:
• Clothing The country's traditional male & female
clothing usually includes a salwar kameez
(dress), lungee (turban), karakul, pakol, (hats),
and a chapan (coat), Traditional Afghan clothes
vary by regions and sometimes ethnicity, as well
as tribes.

26. PASHTUN JIRGA SYSTEM
• Jirga is a tribal assembly of elders. • Powers to
take decisions by consensus. • It is common
among the Pashtun people and, to a lesser
extent, other nearby ethnic groups.

28. HOSPITALITY
• Afghans are very friendly and hospitable. • They serve
their guests with chai (traditional green tea).
• It is obligatory by Islam • Second reason for their
hospitality is the cultural code.

29. DISHES:
• Qabuli Palau, Uzbeki Palau, Mash Palau,
• Qorma, Do Pyaza, Kofta, Shorwa (Afghan Soup)
• Peeraki (Bolani), Mantu, Ashak
• Danddakay, saabe…
• Afghan breads: Naan and Pasti

31. DRINKS AND CANDY:
• Tea: Green and Black Tea
• Terwey/Dogh: Buttermilk
• Talkhan
• Gwarda

33. FRUITS (FRESH AND DRY):
• Apple, Pomegranate, Grapes,
• Apricot, Watermelon, Melon,
• Orange, Pear and …
• Almond,
• Pistachio,
• Walnuts,
• Raisin,
• Pinus (Pinien) and …

35. MUSIC, DANCE & RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS:
• Folk Music, Eastern Music, Rabab, Tabla, Hermunya
(harmonica)
• National Dance: Attan
• Festivals:
• Eid Ulfitr (3 days)
• Eid Uladha (3 days)

37. SPORT:
• Buz kashi (national Sport)
• Kite flying
• Pahlawani
• Ghorsay/khusay
• Top Danda and …

39. CHALLENGES:
• Poverty
• education
• health
• governance
• corruption
• drugs

41. POVERTY, EDUCATION:
• Poverty • At least 2/3 of Afghans live on less than $2 a day •
Only 23% of Afghans have access to safe water • Only 12% of
Afghans have access to sanitation • Only 6% of Afghans have
access to electricity.
• Education • 67% of boys go to school, • while only 37% of girls
do (US Dept of State) • Constraints to school attendance: • Lack
of teachers • Distance between home and school • Cultural
constraints for girls • Not enough school buildings (esp. for
girls).

42. HEALTH CARE:
• Health • Average life expectancy for Afghans is 42, more than
25 years younger than the average American (World Health
Organization) • One in four children dies before the age of 5
(USAID) • Many Afghans lack access to basic medical care

43. A SHORT VIDEO ABOUT AFGHANISTAN:

44. •Thank You
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