road constructed by using bitumen

1. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• ROAD LAYERSTEST
• BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTION
• MACHINERIES USE IN ROAD PAVEMENT
• CONCLUSION

2. INTRODUCTION TO BITUMINOUS ROAD
•Bituminous road is a road constructed by using bitumen.
•It is also called flexible pavement road.
Because it changes its shape according to nature of load and sub base.
1. . A road or pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed of processed
material above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to
distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade.
2. . This type of pavement has four layers, namely, Sub-grade (bottom layer),
sub-base, base, and wearing surface (top most).

4. -:- ROAD LAYERS -:-
1. SUB GRADE LAYER -:
The sub grade is the layer of naturally occur- ring material or the fill material the
road is built upon.
. The strength of the subgrade layer is measured using the CBR test.
2. CAPPING LAYER:-
When the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the sub grade is than 5 %, if is normal to
require a suitable capping layer of low cost material.
.This capping layer is usually a granular type material designed provide a working
platform on which sub-grade construction can proceed with minimum interruption
from wet weather.

5. 3. SUB BASE LAYER:-
This particular layer in road pavement construction.
. The primary function of sub base layer are -
. Improve drainage
. Minimize frost action damage.
. Provide a working platform for construction.
. The material used in this layer -
. Granular Sub base (GSB)
. Cement bound material

6. 4. ROAD BASE (BASE) -:-
The road base is the main load-bearing, load, load spreading layer. In road
structure usually 100 mm or more thick depending on the loading of the
traffic for which the road is designed.
.The road base is usually a bituminous material, dense bitumen macadam
(asphalt concrete) or hot rolled asphalt.
5. BINDER COURSE -:-
This is the layer of material below the surface course and above road base.
.The base course (binder course) is a load spreading layer, spreading the load
imposed on the wearing course (surface course) over a wider area of the
road base.

7. 6. WEARING COURSE OR SURFACE COURSE
The wearing course is top layer of the road pavement and is
designed -
.To be impervious to the ingress (entering) of water.
.To have an even running surface.
.To be durable, and have a high resistance to skidding, and.To
be chosen so as not to deform the weight of traffic.

8. SOME OTHER LAYERS-
• SEAL COAT- It is a thin surface treatment used to water proof the
surface and to provide skid resistance.
• TACK COAT-It is very light application of asphalt , usually asphalt
emulsion diluted with water .it provide proper bonding between two
layer of binder course and must be thin ,uniformly cover the entire
surface ,and set very fast.
• PRIME COAT-It is an application of low viscous cutback bitumen to an
absorbent surface like granular bases on which binder layer is placed.
Unlike tack coat, prime coat penetrates into the layer below, plugs the
voids, and forms a water tight surface.

9. TEST
THE MARSHALL STABILITY OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURE
• This test is done to determine the Marshall Stability of bituminous mixture as per
ASTM D 1559.
• The principle of this test is that marshal Stability is the resistance to plastic flow of
cylindrical specimen of bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface .it is the load
carrying capacity of the mix at 60'c and is measured in kg.
The apparatus needed to determine Marshall Stability of bituminous mixture is –
1. Marshall stability apparatus
2. Balance and water bath

11. BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS STEPS
1. Preparation of base
• W.B.M. base
• As base material of W.B.M. Road; stone ballast, concrete 10-15cm layer are used. For
bonding between concrete slab & W.B.M. used 1:2 cement wash on W.B.M.
• Granular medium material layer 10-15cm composite layer of sand, used for better
drainage Facilities
2. Application of Tuck Coat
• It is desirable to lay AC layer over a bituminous base or binder course.
• A tack coat of bitumen is applied at 6.0 to 7.5 kg per 10 sq. Area, this quantity may be
increased to 7.5 to 10 kg for no bituminous base.
•

12. 3. Preparation and placing of Premix
• The premix is prepared in a hot mix plant of a required capacity with the
desired quality control.
• The bitumen may be heated up to 150 – 177 deg C
• The aggregate temperature should not differ by over 14 dig C from the
binder temperature.
• The hot mixed material is collected from the mixture by the transporters,
carried to the location is spread by a mechanical paver at a temperature of
121 to 163 dig C. the camber and the thickness of the layer are accurately
verified.
• The control of the temperatures during the mixing and the compaction are of
great significance in the strength of the resulting pavement structure

13. 4. Rolling
• A mix after it is placed on the base course is thoroughly compacted by rolling
at a speed not more than 5km per hour.
• The initial or break down rolling is done by 8 to 12 tonnes roller and the
intermediate rolling is done with a fixed wheel pneumatic roller of 15 to 30
tonnes
• The wheels of the roller are kept damp with water.
• The number of passes required depends on the thickness of the layer.
• In warm weather rolling on the next day, helps to increase the density if the
initial rolling was not adequate. The final rolling or finishing is done by 8 to 10
tonne tandem roller.

14. 5. Quality control of bituminous concrete construction
The routine checks are carried out at site to ensure the quality of
the resulting pavement mixture and the pavement surface.
Periodical checks are made for
• Aggregate grading
• Grade of bitumen
• Temperature of aggregate
• Temperature of paving mix during mixing and compaction.

15. 6. Finished surface:
7. Open to traffic
Road is open to traffic as soon as bitumen gets cooled to its surrounding temperature

16. MACHINERIES FOR THE PAVEMENT OF THE ROAD
• ROLLERS
• DOZERS
• GRADERS
• PLAT COMPACTOR
• PLANERS
• ASPHALT PAVERS
• TANDOM VIBRATORY ROLLER
• PAVER
• BITUMEN SPRAYER
• MILLERS
• ASPHALT SPLITTING MACHINE

17. CONCLUSION
As the population is increasing day by day we need to
improve our roads for beteer efiiciency in transportation.And the
roads are to be constructed by keeping in mind the future
aspects.this road is been construction to full fill the requirements of
road users.all environment effects,vehicular characteristics,human
characteristics are taken into account.all the tab tests and field test
are conducted as per IRC guidelines.MORT &H specifications are
used for laying out pavement.

18. REFERENCES
Ministry of road transport and highways,”specifications for road and
bridge works” IRC 37-2001 guidelines for the design of flexible
pavem,ents.
Highways Engineering by S.K.KHANNA &C.E.G
JUSTO &A.VEERARAGAVAN.
IRC,, Geometric of roads,Indian road congress 1966.