Texas Education Policy Changes Throughout The 20Th Century...

Texas Education Policy Changes Throughout The 20th Century...
Texas Education Policy Changes in the 20th Century
In the twentieth century, the Texas legislature made some of the most important decisions in education law. The most powerful changes that came to
education in 20th century Texas were the issues of bilingual education and school funding. Most of these policy changes and the original policies still
have lasting effects on the state's education.
English Only
At the beginning of the century, Bilingual education was not only absent in Texas public schools, it was illegal. The "English Only" law was passed in
1918. The law made it illegal for educators to use another language in classrooms and charged educators with a misdemeanor for using languages
other than English in a classroom unless the class was a foreign language class. The apparent issue with the "English Only" law in Texas is that
students could not understand their teachers and were not given a real opportunity to learn English. Texas still feels the weight of poor education
policies that stayed far too long. Bilingual Education was illegal in Texas until 1969.
The English Only mandate was part of a movement in the time period known as the "Americanization" movement. There was a strong trend among
conservatives in the state and nationwide to create uniformity. This trend can, in part, find its roots in World War I. English Only, though most
negatively impacting the Hispanic community, was also targeted at Germans in Texas. German settlements in Texas had large
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Texas Annexation Essay example
Narrative History of Texas Annexation, Secession, and Readmission to the Union
Texans voted in favor of annexation to the United States in the first election following independence in 1836. However, throughout the Republic period
(1836–1845) no treaty of annexation negotiated between the Republic and the United States was ratified by both nations.
When all attempts to arrive at a formal annexation treaty failed, the United States Congress passed––after much debate and only a simple majority––a
Joint Resolution for Annexing Texas to the United States. Under these terms, Texas would keep both its public lands and its public debt, it would have
the power to divide into four additional states "of convenient size" in the future if it so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sixteen years later, in January 1861, the Secession Convention met in Austin and adopted an Ordinance of Secession on February 1 and a
Declaration of Causes on February 2. This proposal was approved by the voters, but even before Texas could become "independent" as provided for
in the text of the Ordinance, it was accepted by the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America as a state on March 1, 1861.
The Secession Convention, reconvened on March 2, approved an ordinance accepting Confederate statehood on March 5. Texas delegates to the
Provisional Confederate Government had already been elected, and they were among those who approved the proposed Confederate Constitution.
Their action was confirmed by the Secession Convention on March 23.
Throughout the Civil War period, Texas existed as a state in the Confederate States of America, its status confirmed by the elected representatives of the
Texas citizens. (Sam Houston, although accepting the decision of the electorate to secede, protested the Convention's decision to join the Confederacy
since the matter was not submitted to popular vote. His opposition was insufficient to cause either the voters or the members of the state legislature to
put aside the actions of the Convention.) John H. Reagan, a Texan, was the Postmaster General of the C.S.A., and other Texans held prominent
government posts throughout

Republican Dominance In Texas
The state of Texas is a major "battle ground" state for national politics when it comes to the presidential elections. Winning votes in Texas can be huge
for the political campaign of a certain party. Unfortunately; as of now, Texas is mostly known as a republican majority state. It is widely accepted that
as a republican candidate, you are very likely to win the state's vote. The republican dominance of Texas has spanned for many years; however, this was
not the case in the late 19th century to late 20th century. Events during that time period, such as the civil war, reconstruction, and the great depression,
caused voting patterns and demographics to shift towards the Democratic Party. During the mid–1800's, the democratic and republican ... Show more
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Increasing involvement of the minority in Texas shows that Republican support is slowly diminishing away. Like how the Democrats lost control of
Texas, it seems that the Republicans are heading down the same road. Compared to the decline of the Democrats in the 1970's, Republicans seem to
be shifting away from the values of the majority. They, like the Democrats near the end of the 20th century, are starting to become a party without a
message. Their views are slowly becoming meaningless in the eyes of the majority. If Republicans are to maintain their dominance in Texas, they must
start addressing issues that not only pertain to white (Anglos) voters, but to African American and Hispanic voters as well. Texas has become a
"majority minority" state. It has drastically diversified since the end of the 20th century and with that diversification comes different viewpoints on
state (and even national) issues. Issues that commonly reside with minorities, such as abortion, health care, and immigration, are being ignored or not
confronted enough to where minority support for the republican agendas are fading away. Eventually, Democrats will begin to leech off the mistakes
Republicans are currently committing. They will start to address more progressively acts of liberalism and reform that appeals to minority voters
while also attacking issues that reside within the white Anglo community. Simply put, Democrats will become competitive in Texas once they give
Hispanic and African Americans a reason to vote and be active in Texas politics. Over time, the Democratic Party will once again re
–emerge as a
competitive force in the political

Essay on Cultural Difference between Mexicans and Americans
Cultural Difference between Mexicans and Americans
While Texas leader Stephen Austin initially had no contempt toward Mexicans, the Anglo–American citizens in the area did. The American Texans of
the 1800's defined Mexicans as "a race alien to everything that Americans held dear" (De Leon 4). This sentiment would serve as the primary catalyst
to the Texas secession from Mexico. When Austin began colonizing the area, he envisioned a place in which Anglo–Americans and Tejanos, Mexicans
living in Texas, could live together. Eventually, though, the public opinions ofNorth American settlers in the territory and in Washington would make
him realize that the goal of unity between the two groups was impossible.
There were many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Del Castillo 4) Americans believed they "were the 'pioneers of the continent,' who would inevitably spread the benefits of democracy and freedom to
the lesser peoples inhabiting the region"(Del Castillo 4).
The prevailing attitude of white supremacy was the justification Americans used to "rescue the wilderness from backwardness, indolence, and
disorder"(De Leon 65). Mexico in its earliest days was primarily Indian, but the infusion of both Spanish and black blood made it harder to define
Mexicans. White Anglo–Americans believed "their contrast to 'white' and salient kindred to 'black' and 'red' made Mexicans subject to treatment
commensurate with the odious connotations whites attached to colors, races, and cultures dissimilar to their own" (De Leon 6).
Both Americans and Mexicans laid bricks creating cultural differences. America prided itself on being a nation comprised of people working for a
better future. Mexicans were noted as focusing on the pleasures of life and ignoring their responsibilities. David Woodman, a promoter for a New
York and Boston land company, is quoted in De Leon's They Called Them Greasers, saying "Mexicans habitually succumbed to indolence and ease and
indulge themselves in smoking, music, dancing, horse–racing, and other sports" (7). Many Americans who visited Mexico were appalled

The Manifest Destiny Essay
The Manifest Destiny is the idea of continental expansion by the United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, which naturally occurred out of
a deep want and need to explore and conquer new lands and establish new borders. This idea contributed to several wars, including the US–Mexican
War.
Mexico and the United States had its share of territorial issues. With only four more days of his presidency, on March 1, 1845, President John Tyler
signed the Texas annexation bill. When the United States formally offered annexation to Texas in 1845, Mexico, protested. On December 29, 1845,
Texas was formally admitted to the Union. Mexico refused to accept the loss of Texas, as written in the Treaty of Velasco that was created after the...
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President Polk received word that Mexican forces had ambushed two of General Taylor's companies along the Rio Grande. On May 11, 1846,
President Polk asked Congress to declare war on Mexico, stating the following: "After reiterated menaces, Mexico has passed the boundary of the
United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American Soil. She has proclaimed that hostilities have commenced, and
that the two nations are at war." (1) Two days later, the US Congress overwhelmingly votes in favor of PresidentJames K. Polk's request to declare war
on Mexico.
American military forces took up several major campaigns in the course of the war resulting in significant battles that occurred throughout the region.
American Brigadier General Stephen Kearney led a small force to seize Santa Fe and the New Mexico territory, and then marched west to California.
There he met up with an American force and eventually secured the completion of the Bear Flag Revolt; American settlers declared their independence
from Mexico. American General Taylor fought General Ampudia and his Mexican troops, who surrendered control of Monterey, which enabled
General Taylor to secure another essential city as he proceeded southward towards central Mexico. Former Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa
Anna returned to Mexico from exile and trained a new army of men to oppose the invaders.

How Women Has Impacted The State Of Texas
Tina Dao
Gov 2306
Dawson
18 April 2015
H.R. No. 1445 HR 1445 is a bill passed on March 26, 2015 in the 84th Texas Legislature to recognize March 2015 as Women's History Month.
Jessica Farrar is a democratic from District 148 and sponsored this bill (Open States). I chose this bill because, quoting from the bill itself, it "provides
an ideal opportunity to acknowledge the historic contributions made by women in the Lone Star State and beyond" (Farrar). First, the bill discusses
about how women have played crucial roles since the Texas Republic was found. Then, the bill later on details about some of the actual women that
have impacted the state of Texas greatly: Minnie Fisher Cunningham, Hortense Sparks Ward, Edna Gladney, Oveta Culp... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Oveta Culp Hobby is known for her many achievements. She was "the first director of the Women's Army Corps" and built an army from nothing
(Farrar). Later on, she became a cabinet member for President Eisenhower and was the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. We remember her
today because she is the reason why women received opportunities to join the army (Oveta Culp Hobby). Frances Farenthood was a lawyer and
politician from Texas. She was the runner–up vice–president candidate to be nominated for that position for the election of 1972, making her the first
woman to actually be viable for this position (it was very close, she lost at 48% of votes) Also, she campaigned for governor of Texas twice, but lost.
(Frances 'Sissy ' Farenthold). Texas' second female governor, Ann Richards left a huge impact on the Lone Star State. She fought for women's and
minorities' rights and was well–liked by many people because of her humor and wittiness. Even after failing to be re–elected (she lost to George W.
Bush), she still cared about the people very much and continued to speak about equal rights for all (Ann Richards Biography). Barbara Jordan was the
first African American congresswoman and first African American in the Texas Senate. Another highlight about her life was that she was also the first
African American women to deliver the keynote

Texas Government Essay
Texas Constitution Question #2
A couple centuries ago, to be specific 1827 was the year of the very first Texas Constitution. The first Texas constitution was called, The Constitution of
Coahuila y Tejas. The population of what is now Texas was about four–thousand. Before declaring its independence from Mexico, Texas operated under
the Mexican Constitution where there were two houses of congress.
The lower house was composed of deputies serving two year terms. In the upper house, senators served four year terms and were selected by state
legislatures. Texas's break with Mexico was in large part a constitutional crisis that culminated in separation. Political conventions were held because the
Texas citizens weren't happy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It wasn't written in a way that it would permanently stick throughout the future for say like the U.S Constitution. The Constitution of Texas in my point
of view should be rewritten with new type of language form that it would be prГ©cised to the point so it is clear to understand. Reasons being: The
Texas constitution is almost a hundred thousand words long with over 500 modifications, it is way too long and disorganized, making it difficult to
adequately understand. Resulting from many addition of so many amendments, the constitution is now one of the longest and most confusing
constitutions out of all 50 states in the United States. Another even more alarming problem the Texas Constitution has, is the fragmented executive
branch. The governor doesn't have control over other states authorities, instead, he shares authority with them. The governor's powers are limited.
Another problem it has is the high level of detail. The high levels of details are accompanied by confusing organizations. Coverage of individual
subject areas can be excruciating to read. For example areas like local governments are found in several different parts of the constitution. In those
parts the constitution has some gaps where whole sections have been repealed. This means an entire articles have been repealed leaving only the title
but no text. That's a great example of why John E Paynter stated that "you don't ever write a constitution like Texas's." I

Rick Perry Research Paper
James Richard (Rick) Perry was the forty– seventh governor of Texas. He served from 2000–2015. Perry grew up as a farmer, so he knows what it is
like to work hard for what you have. Perry also served in the United States Air force from 1972–1977. While in the air force, he flew a C–130 tactical
airlift plane over Europe and the Middle– East. Perry is also a lifetime member of the NRA (National Rifle Association) and of the American Legion
Post. Before being elected as Lt. Governor, Perry served two terms as Texas Commissioner of Agriculture and three terms in the Texas House of
Representatives. Perry is very qualified for the job of being president of the United States. He was the longest serving governor in the state of Texas.
Perry has created 2.2 million jobs in Texas while serving as governor. He also has cut taxes seventy– five times. Since being elected in 2000, Perry
created almost one–third of all new private sector jobs in the United States. Perry has also tightened up the southern border in Texas to prevent the
entrance of illegal immigrants. He created a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perry is a conservative and has many conservative views. I believe in the same things that he does. I think that Rick Perry would make a good
president. He has worked hard to get where he is today and that is good to have in a leader. While serving in Texas, Perry was a good leader and I
believe he would be a good leader of this country. We need a president that is hard working. This country needs a president that has a good political
background, and very intelligent. Rick Perry is a prime example of a good politician. I think that Rick Perry would be a good candidate for
president in 2016. I would definitely vote for Perry. He has made many jobs, cut taxes, and helped with immigration. He has made a huge difference
while being governor of Texas, and he could make a huge difference as president of the United

Symbolism as Found in Kate Chopin's Story of an Hour Essay
Symbolism as found in Kate Chopin's "Story of an Hour"
In Kate Chopin's "Story of an Hour" the protagonist, Louise Mallard, is going through a life–changing event that is brought on by the news of the
death of her husband, Brently Mallard. During this hour, she is told of her husband's death, grieves for a short time, discovers that she will now be able
to "live for herself" (16) and is finally able to free herself of the restrictive marriage she has been living in. The end of her last hour comes when she
sees her husband walking through the door. There are many varying opinions as to why she actually died. Chopin does not directly state what
Richards, Brently Mallard's close friend, is shielding from view or why Mrs. Mallard's sister, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel–stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of
accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the
view of his wife." (16)
There is another scenario that may fit the story better than what is stated above based on the symbol given about her heart trouble. Mrs. Mallard could
already have collapsed just before Brently walks in. Richards could be trying to save his friend from having to see his wife in this condition because
Brently may also have a heart condition that is never discussed in the story. He may fear Brently having an attack along with Louise. Josephine's cry
could either be at the sight of Brently walking through the door, whom she thinks is already dead, or when she sees Mrs. Mallard collapse. One critic,
Mark Cunningham, also believes that "Louise does not see him, and that the cause of her death lies elsewhere [and] makes the irony of the doctors'
statement that Louise dies of 'joy that kills' resound in ways that are more complex than the common understanding of its grants." (Cunningham p. 1)
In Dr. Kenefick's class lecture, it was discussed why Mrs. Mallard is so joyful after thinking about her husband's death. The story doesn't make it
seem like he was an unpleasant husband in any way and she even describes him as a

Texas Gambling: The Morality vs Legality of Casino...
For years casino gambling was portrayed in the media and Hollywood as being associated with criminal activities and the mafia. Now with proper
scrutiny and government regulations casino gambling has become a lucrative business, with casinos stock even trading on Wall Street. Casino
gambling is an ever increasingly popular and legal activity in many states throughout the United States. "The term gambling or 'gaming' as the industry
calls it, means any legalized form of wagering or betting conducted in a casino, on a riverboat, on an Indian reservation, or at any other location under
the jurisdiction of the United States" (National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act). States that allow casino gambling benefit vastly by
re–incorporating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The State of Texas has reaped the benefits from the taxation of different forms of gambling for almost two decades. Since the inception of the Texas
Lottery in 1992 (Texas Lottery website), the Texas Lottery has contributed more than eleven billion dollars to the Foundation School Fund which helps
support education in the state. Pari–mutuel wagering for horse and dog racing has also been allowed under state law since 1987 and continues to
provide revenue through taxes as well as employing numerous workers in the respective field (The Texas Gaming Commission website). If the State of
Texas benefits from taxes off lottery and pari–mutuel wagering at horse and dog tracks then, how come legislation is reluctant to legalize casino
gambling? The answer seems to lie within numerous religious groups and churches who view gambling as a criminal activity or a sin. An interesting
fact is charitable bingo games which, are legal in Texas and is another form of gambling, have benefited churches and religious groups in the State of
Texas for almost three decades although there is a dearth of studies showing an increase in crime and gambling problems amongst this population.
Opponents such as The Christian Life Commission of Baptist General Convention of Texas view gambling as a "predatory, regressive business model"
(Christian Life Commission). "The Christian Life Commission" feels legalizing casinos could take

Information About The Housing Patterns, Libraries And...
As an educational leader, one must be aware of the assets of the community served by the school, where the students coexist outside the walls of the
school, and what the community offers to those who reside in it. The aim of this report is to convey information about the housing patterns, libraries
and bookstores, food resources, hospitals and healthcare providers, social and community agencies, recreational settings, and activities located in this
community and its impact on equity. The method used to gather information about the community in the attendance zone for Richard J Wilson
Elementary School was through a community walk and other data resources. The equity audit was developed to gather knowledge of all the limitations
and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the houses were constructed before the 1950's (Figure 3). The houses that were not deteriorating showed evidence of renovations (Figure 4).
Conditions of the inside of the house in terms of comfort and safety for its residents are unknown. Figure 3. Years of construction for Wilson attendance
zone. Figure 4. Samples of housing in area. This photo illustrates the contrast of deteriorating houses and houses which have been renovated. There are
many indicators from the US Census (2011–2015) that give a clue to the socio–economic conditions of a community. The level of homeownerships
gives a picture of how vested residents are in a community. Usually a homeowner is more invested in a community and its maintenance than a tenant
because they have literally invested their capital in that community. (REALTORSВ®, August 2010) The US Census (2011
–2015) showed higher levels
of rented accommodations instead of homeownership in this area (Figure 5). This was also observed during the community walk. Figure 5: Proportion
of Households with Various Income Sources in 76110 in 2011–2015 (U. S. Census, 2011–2015). The median monthly mortgage payment for owners
was $1,237, for non–mortgage owners was $421, and for renters was $774. An estimated 28% of owners had mortgages, 16% of owners had no
mortgages, and 55% of were tenants. In the 76110 area, residents spent 30% or

The Dust Bowl Essay
In what was one of the most fertile areas of the United States, one of the Nation's worst agricultural disasters occurred. No rain came so crops did not
grow, leaving the soil exposed to the high winds that hit the area in the 1930s. Stretching over a 150,000 square mile area and encompassing parts of
five states–these being Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico–the Dust Bowl was a time where over 100 million acres of topsoil were
stripped from fertile fields leaving nothing but barren lands and piles of dust everywhere (Ganzel). While things were done to alleviate the problem,
one must question whether or not anyone has learned from this disaster. If not, one must look into the possibility that the United States may be struck ...
With many farmers having such high yields, there was an abundance of crops so the prices fell and a farmer had to plant more in order to have
enough money to support their families. The Enlarged Homestead Act guaranteed 320 acres of land to farmers who were willing to take land that
were considered to be marginal and could not be irrigated well. They plowed up the virgin soil and planted acres and acres of golden wheat,
leaving the land vulnerable to the elements after the yearly harvest. The farmers also implemented the use of fossil fuel ran machinery that made it
easier to plow up hundreds of acres in a short period of time, which exposed even more soil than what would have been open to the elements had the
farming been done by an animal pulled plow. The massive influx of farmers because of that act caused major soil erosion which was made worse by
the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. From 1931–when the rains stopped–until 1939–when the drought finally ended, the people living there had to deal with
constant problems. Animals and humans were sickened by the dust getting into their lungs and many of them even died from dust pneumonia
(Surviving the Dust Bowl). In Amarillo, Texas during 1935, dust storms occurred for a total of 908 hours and from January to March that year the city
had zero visibility seven times (Worster). One woman said that being caught in the dust storm was comparable to having a shovelful of fine sand flung

Manifest Destiny Essay
When we think about power, what comes to mind is usually related to money and authority. We tend to forget that the most powerful tool we have lies
within our thoughts and beliefs about ourselves and the world around us. After the thirteen colonies separated from Britainvia the Declaration of
Independence, a sense of pride and nationalism began developing in the minds of many Americans. This became apparent when the concept of manifest
destiny began circling the country in the 1840s. This paper will discuss what the concept of manifest destiny is and how it influenced westward
expansion.
Manifest destiny is the belief that God had destined the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean to be part of the states. In 1803, the Louisiana
Purchase was made and Lewis and Clark were sent to take notes and bring back information about the land. A side effect of their journey was the
curiosity that bloomed within the people. Similarly, Richard Henry Dana published "Two Years Before the Mast" in 1840, a book that described the
coast of California and further enhanced people's dreams. Another thing that brought about manifest destiny was the intense immigration of Europeans
from 1824–1848, which meant more people would need to move west. However, there were some obstacles to acquiring the land between the Atlantic
and Pacific, as some land was occupied by Britain and Mexico such as the Oregon territory and Texas.
Although Oregon was partly occupied by Britain, many people were

Bohemian Immigration To Texas
Immigration to Texas was crucial to Texas' reconstruction and economic expansion after the Civil War due to the relatively wealthy immigrants
obtaining land grants issued by the Texas government that contained fertile soil which was previously held by indians, and the working class
immigrants providing cheap labor when slaves could no longer be shipped over due to the abolishment of the slave trade and emancipation of slaves.
An immigrant would choose to settle in Texas due to Texas' climate being similar to Southern European countries such as Spain, Italy and parts of
Germany and France; Texas had ample amounts of fertile land for farming and ranching, and Texas was home to the major immigration port of
Galveston near Houston. After the American... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ranches spread across Texas in the 19th century, and were used to raise cattle brought to Texas by the Spanish. The most famous ranch in Texas is
the King Ranch founded by Richard King and Gideon K. Lewis. Richard King was the son of an Irish immigrant that came to New York. Richard later
immigrated to Texas in 1850 where he bought a land grant West of Corpus Christi. King and Lewis set up an ingenious system of hiring immigrants
primarily from Mexico that were fleeing the devastation of the Mexican War and seeking. These Mexicans knew how to work with cattle and they
proved invaluable to the King Ranch's success. These working class immigrants called themselves "KineГ±os" or "King's people". The immigrants
were very important to the success of King Ranch and King knew it. He provided his workers with education for their families and very stable, high
paying employment as well as eating and spending winters with them. This is another instance of relatively wealthy immigrants taking advantage of
Texas natural resources to support Texas' economy. This is also an example of wealthy immigrants who own land using immigrant labor to fill jobs
with experienced individuals. During the Civil War, the King Ranch was captured by the Union and was raided for valuables and food. The Union

The Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District
water edited
corey paul to Mary, me
50 minutes agoDetails
The Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District will set a hearing for the company seeking a new water supply for Odessa as soon as this
month, while a public battle over the proposal continues.
Winning the hearing doesn't mean Republic Water Company ofTexas will win approval to export the water. Board members, for example, could
dismiss the application as another version of a request the board already denied, prompting another lawsuit. But City of Odessa and company officials
say they view it as a step closer to winning an export permit for what they describe as a long–term and higher quality water supply even if it might end
up costing more.
The district will have to hold the hearing by the end of the year after determining the application complete.
Meanwhile, company officials say they still plan to request a hearing before an administrative law judge instead of the district board. The judge's
decision would be non–binding but could be used in a lawsuit if the board acted against his or her findings.
"It's always been our intention because of the emotional nature of this topic in that county that everyone would be better served if you take it out of the
hands of this district and have a (State Office of Administrative Hearings) judge view it without this lens," said Jimmy Perkins, a principal with
Republic Water Company.
The groundwater district's Sept. 20 decision to set up a preliminary hearing came

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty that ended the...
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which came into effect on 2 February 1848, ended the Mexican–American war and formally resolved territorial
disputes resulting from that conflict. The treaty required the U.S. government to pay the Mexican government $15 million dollars, this in return for an
expanse of territory that later became the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Utah, Nevada, and Colorado. I intend to argue that the treaty
benefitted the people who inhabited, and later came to inhabit, that territory. I also propose that, as a result of the transfer of territory from a dictatorial
regime to one that was based on democratic principles, both Mexico and the United States ultimately benefitted in several ways.
The Treaty of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was, at the time, one of the most populous cities in Northern Mexico, having a population of "of nearly fifteen thousand inhabitants." (The
Mexican War 33). About the same time, Taylor and his army won the battle of Buena Vista. The terrain in northern Mexico is difficult, and water
scarce. Perhaps this is why, after a number of arduous campaigns in the north, Taylor seemed to lose interest in fighting. Instead of pressing south
towards the Mexican capital, he was content to remain in the north. Because of his lack of fighting spirit, Pres. James Polk lost faith in him as a
leader. Instead, he turned to General Winfield Scott, who lost no time in making for the Mexican capital. "The American army and generals proved
significantly superior to the Mexican forces and in less than a year and a half the American army had captured Mexico City and the Mexican Republic
had to sue for an unfavorable peace." (The Mexican–American War).
The treaty of Guadalupe–Hidalgo contained twenty articles. The most important of these were the payment of $15 million already mentioned, and the
transfer of territory. The U.S. pledged to withdraw its troops from the Mexican capital, cease its blockading of Mexican ports, and to withdraw all of
its forces from Mexico within three months of the signing of the treaty.
In the territories ceded to the United States, the Mexicans there resident were allowed to

TexasвЂ™ Individualistic and Traditionalistic Culture: The...
Texas is a unique place with a colorful history of legendary cowboys and tall tales. The state stretches over the middle section of the southern United
States. Texas has experienced shifts in governmental control within the United States. French, Spanish, Mexican, and
Confederacy, and all having once been in charge, not to mention the time Texas spent as an independent republic. Texas has had many battles and wars
within its borders, resulting in seven different constitutions within a span of fifty years between each document. The people of Texas are diverse and
carry their "big can–do attitudes and accents"
(Pearson); making Texas a bigger than life state. The political culture of Texas is impacted by two different subgroups of... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There is tremendous evidence, to suggest that individualism is a strong part of Texas culture such as, the use of biennial sessions of the legislature, the
partisan election of judges, and limited powers of the governor. The people of Texas with individualism as their root belief do not wantgovernment to
control their lives. They want the legislature meeting every other year because Texans fear too much time in session might lead to change. This is also
the reason they have restricted the powers of governor. Although Texans generally do not want a strong government, this does not stop them from
complaining and seeking answers when outcomes in government do not go their way.
Looking at traditionalism, they are of the belief that people should adhere to tradition and make very few changes, especially in cultural or religious
practice. "Traditionalism is a system holding that all knowledge is derived from original divine revelation and is transmitted by tradition" (Maxwell).
In a traditional culture, economic and social elites dominate, and government is designed to serve social elites.
Taxes are kept low to help business and economic interests, while education and welfare spending is among the lowest in the country.
Overall, citizens understand government does not provide much

Culture Adopted By American Cowboys
The cultures of history can still represent what goes on today. ( David Crabtree) The cowboy age is one of those cultures. Cowboys are hired
workers for farmer. A cowboy is a hired hand who helps herd cows and horses that belong to a ranch owner. ( Slatta , Richard ) A Cowboy's gear.
The most important thing is a Cowboy's gear. Cowboys got most of their ideas from Mexican cowboys called Vaqueros (Vah Kair ohs). The hat
comes from the big sombrero Mexican cowboys wore. The rope was also adopted by American cowboys. Even Vaquero became buckaroo another
english word for cowboy. The cowboy also fashioned his wardrobe and much of his equipment from cowhide. For example the hat kept snow , rain ,
and the sun of the cowboys face. A coat would

Sam Houston Essay
Sam Houston was one of the founding fathers of Texas known as a soldier, statesman and man of integrity. Spending most of his youth in Tennessee,
he was impatient and reckless with a sense of adventure which lead him to the Cherokee country. His time spent with family and the Cherokee Indians
is where he developed his practical, level–headed and grounded character. Houston's passion for peace and support for the Cherokee's came from
having seen the effects of war and strife on the Indians. The values instilled from these early experiences are prevalent in Houston's political and
personal viewpoints throughout his life and career.
As a young person Sam disgruntled with civilization and not comfortable with farm or storekeeper work ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Indians had owned the land," Houston argued, "so the government by virtue of conquest could sell it." (HOUSTON, P.111). Congress had to go
along with this bill for political reasons. The bill when passed acknowledged the Indians' legal title to their Texas land and at the same time prevented
speculators from snapping up the land for white expansion. The bill passed unanimously. Unfortunately Houston's revenge for the Cherokees was
short–lived as Congress repealed the bill the next year.
As a military and political figure, Houston's decisions were not popular at times. Elected as commander in chief of the Texas Army, while most
preferred a direct confrontation with Santa Anna's army, Houston knowing the limited size, funding and lack of training of the Texas Army, preferred
what seemed to be a plan of retreat on the surface but actually was a plan of patience and timing for the right place and the right time to attack. Small
victories by Santa Anna's army inflamed Anglo Texans who began questioning Houston's technique to the point even President David Burnet began
questioning as well. However, victory was Houston's as the opportunity presented itself for a prepared Texas Army to strike an

Texas 's Republican Party : An Understanding Of The State
In order to fully grasp how Texas' Republican Party has progressed throughout the years, one must also have an understanding of the history of the state.
The first thirteen colonies of the United States were under British control, a circumstance that Texas was not a part of. Even though many other
countries tried to control Texas, they were not able to do so for long periods of time, due in part, to the independent nature of the people throughout the
state. Because of the constant threats Texans faced, such as invading armies from foreign countries, the struggles of living out west, amongst many
others, the people became incredibly independent, freedom loving, and extremely hard working. At the start of Texas' history Texans did all of the...
Those who supported Lincoln, who did not want the union to be divided, were removed from their positions in government because of the pro
confederate nature of most of the people in Texas. Because of this, democrats took control of almost all of the government.
The civil war had profound effects that would last for a very long time on the states and people of the south, including Texas and its people. In Texas
for a very long time, the people were very strong after events such as the Texas revolution. They did not understand what it was like to be defeated.
Even though there was no battle lost in Texas during the civil war, they still felt defeated after President Lincoln had the Union army occupy their land,
post–civil war. Because of this feeling of defeat, the Republican Party was shamed and would not be able to make up any ground in Texas for years.
Because of the anti–slavery beliefs of the Republican Party in the past African Americans supported the party in the early years after the civil war. "In
fact, throughout Reconstruction, African Americans comprised about 90% of GOP membership, and 44 African Americans served in the Texas
legislature as Republicans. It was through the hard work of a number of dedicated African American men and women that the earliest foundations of the
Republican Party of Texas were laid. The

Essay The Mexican-American War
The Mexican–American War. The Mexican–American war was a process of years of battles between the Mexicans and Americans but I think after this
informational paper, you'll seem to know a little bit more knowledge about it. How it all started, well in the beginning, the Americans and Mexicans
both wanted to control Texas, but at the time it was a part of the Mexican territory, well soon enough Americans wanted control over it so badly that
they started to travel into Texas's land. Part of the reason why Americans wanted it so badly was because it was a big land and had lots of resources
and just did not want the Mexicans to have any control over it. ("Social Studies for kids" The Mexican American war) As more Americans moved to
the land, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At first angry words were swapped, but Mexico soon got tired of words and wanted action to happen. The first major action was at the Alamo, a San
Antonio area fort, there were a total of 189 defenders, and the fort was well–ordered by Mexico. In the same year Mexican general Santa Anna ordered
the massacre of 342 American prisoners. Americans obviously didn't like that and reacted by fighting back, the result of Americans fighting back
was the battle of San Jacinto in which hundreds of Americans defeated a much larger Mexican force. Half of the Mexican soldiers were killed and
most were taken as prisoners. ("Social Studies for kids" The Mexican American war) In 1844, the U.S. took over Texas, making it apart of the
American land. Two years later, war began. The first major battle of the Mexican American war took place at Palo Alto, not far from the US
/Mexico border in Texas, by May of 1846, lots of things had happened that had soon enough broke out into war. Mexican general Mariano arista,
positioned blockade to fort Texas, knowing that American general Zachary Taylor would have to come and break the blockade, arista then laid a trap,
picking the time and place the battle would take place. (The Mexican American war, pbs.org article) Basically neither side could claim victory, then
soon after followed the battle of Monterrey, American forces under General Zachary Taylor seized the Mexican city. The California city of Monterey
surrendered to

The History Of Politics In Texas
With every state comes a specific and distinctive history of politics, and, more often than not, a brief understanding of the cultural changes that occurred
throughout the years. Texas has one of the most interesting shifts: an almost clean–cut shift from a Democratic, or 'blue', state, to a Republican, or 'red',
state, after nearly 100 years of Democratic dominance. This is comparable to the state of Virginia, which also saw Republican representation after
Democratic dominance for nearly 50 years. However, where Texas remains mainly Republican today, Virginia is an accurate embodiment of a
"two–party state". With this being said, that doesn't mean Texas will stay this way. While the Lone Star state still votes red and has Republican... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This campaign's goal was to unite white Virginian Democrats so they could work together to prevent desegregation in public schools. Many schools,
including an entire school system, were shut down between 1958–1959 to prevent integration. Most of the laws catered to this "massive resistance"
were overturned by state and federal courts within in a year, but some of the anti–integration ideology continued to persist in Virginia for many years.
Byrd ran for governor of Virginia in 1925, and thus the Byrd Organization was born. Byrd serves as governor until 1930, and then was elected to the
United States Senate in 1933, where he served until his retirement in 1965. For nearly 40 years, Byrd familiarized himself with the "courthouse
cliques", otherwise known as the state officers in each county. With every relationship he created, a level of respect was given to Byrd, giving him
unofficial power over these officers. While these courthouse cliques still made recommendations for certain candidates for statewide offices, Byrd only
considered them after 'careful consultation'. It became obvious that no candidate in Virginia would succeed without his stamp of approval. Byrd
remained in power by greatly limiting the spread of power throughout the state; he amended the state constitution to reduce the number of statewide
elected officials to just three, including the governor, the lieutenant governor, and attorney general, and also rescheduled the

Becoming an Informed Voter Essay
Becoming an Informed Voter GOVT 220
GOVT 220–D03
04/21/2014
Becoming an Informed Voter– Researching My Congressional Delegation
What is the Political History of your district and State?
Harris County in the state of Texas was formed in the winter of 1836, and was first called Harrisburg County after an early settler named John Richard
Harris. The name changed from Harrisburg County to Harris County in 1839. In the United States House of Representatives, Ted Poe, a Republican,
currently represents my district (Northwest Harris County). John Whitmire was elected in 1983 as a Democrat, and he represents Northwest Harris
County in the Texas Senate. There are seven major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
States' rights, the fight for the unborn and their right to life, and resistance to gun legislation, tend to be some of the top issues for conservative Texas
voters. The last time a Democrat carried the state of Texas was in 1976, when Jimmy Carter won the Presidential election. During the 2004
presidential election, then President and Republican candidate, George W. Bush, won with 61.09% against 38.30% votes for the Democratic candidate
John Kerry. However, in the more recent Presidential elections that were held in 2008 and in 2012, the very popular Democratic candidate, Barack
Obama, did not win the majority vote for Texas. Thus, looking at this information, it can be said that the state of Texas tends to lean more towards the
Republican side.
Are the parties relatively even or does one party dominate the elections?
Looking at the election results derived from Texas in the past, it can be said that the Republicans have had the upper hand over theDemocratic Party in
this state for quite some time, but the cities tend to be very liberal. There are currently only 12 Democratic representatives and 24 Republican
representatives to U.S. House of Representatives. (Govtrack.us). Since 1846, in the state of Texas, there have been 39 Democratic

Juan Nepomceno Cortina
Juan Nepomuceno Cortina was a man who was a rebel and a soldier who fought many battles that he believed was right for Mexicans in Texas and in
Mexico. He took part of the Cortina Wars, where he fought Anglo or white Americans by stealing from them after how they treated Mexicans in Texas.
He even took part of the War whenMexico went against the French invasion with Emperor Maximiliam, and he even helped out the Union in the
American Civil war around that year. Cortina was on top of the in ranks and became Governor of Tamaulipas in Mexico. This man had many battles
that he has faced in many years of violence he seen in wars and even during his own childhood. He would be known to many Mexicans as a folk hero
and has Cheno Cortina, which was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These people would mostly be Texas rangers who were there to secure the Rio Grande Valley, but in reality they would torture other races other than
whites. They would torture Mexicans by arresting them in crimes that they either never commit or even if there was very little evidence, which they
even, made Hispanic children's, lives a misery. For example, a Brownsville Marshall by the Name of Robert shear would attempt to arrest an innocent
man by the name of Even the Aristocrats would do actions against Hispanics by taking their land. They would find ways over law, was also in
favor of whites, kill them and get away with murder etc. Aristocrats even had connections in the law so they can get the land or they would ask a
Hispanic land owner for land a kill him and people in the town would just know he "disappeared", and if the man had sons he would kill them too
till his wife or daughter is in charge and has no choice on but to sell the land. Famous rancher like John McAllen and Richard King would attempt
this actions, in addition, King would eve steal livestock from his Hispanic neighbors by tagging the animals with no tag even if he knew they were
theirs .All these actions attempted on Mexicans got Cortina furious and got assistance from people that supported his views, these people were mostly
Mexicans and land owners who even lost their because of

Tom Landry
From September 11, 1924 (Moritz 270), through the late 1960's, Tom Landry accomplished a lot of things in his life, and set new trends for many
years to come. Whether it be high school football star, or flying combat missions with the United States Air Force. Whether it be playing collegiate
football, and really excelling, or actually moving on to a professional football career. Whether it be transforming from player to coach, and leading
way for years to come and different programs; Tom Landry had experienced it all. Tom Landry was a great coach and player, whose leadership made
him a hero, and a prestigious name in the football world. Tom Landry was born in Mission,Texas (Moritz 270). Landry really excelled in football at the
high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After one year with the New York Yankees, the team "merged with theNew York Giants" (Moritz 270). Landry played cornerback for the Giants for a
six years (Moritz 270). Tom Landry had a successful career as a football player, including achievements such as "[ranking] sixth in the Giants' record
books in pass interceptions" (Whittingham 84), and being "named to the All–Pro defensive team" (Moritz 270) in 1954. This is the same year he began
his assistant coaching position with the New York Giants. This is when his historical coaching career began. In 1954, Landry was named the assistant
defensive coach for the New York Giants (cemetery.state). He was not the only historical coach in the New York Giants program at the time. He
coached alongside Vince Lombardi. "The tandem of Landry and Lombardi stands as the greatest assistant–coaching partnership in the history of the
NFL" (Whittingham 84). In 1956, Landry decided to stop playing football, and hang it up for other opportunities. This would be coaching full time."In
1956, [Landry] became the Giants' full–time defensive coach." (Moritz 270). During this time period is when Landry created a defensive formation that
is still around today, although most do not know who invented it. The 4–3 defense. He changed the teams normal 6–1 defense, to a 4–3 defense. The
4–3 formation is a common defensive formation in football today. During Landry's stint with the

Water Problems in Texas Essay
Texas, with its abundances of natural resources, is facing a new demon, one that doesn't even seem possible, a shortage of water. Water, without it
nothing can survive. Texas is the second largest state for landmass in the nation and ninth for water square miles. Within the borders of Texas are more
than 100 lakes, 14 major rivers, and 23 aquifers, so why has water become such an important issue for the state? Politicians and conservationists all
agree that without a new working water plan, the state could be facing one of the most damaging environmental disasters they have ever seen. The
issues that shape the states positions are population growth, current drought conditions, and who actually owns the water.
Texas the second ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A study done by the Pew Hispanic Center in 2010 listed more 1.7 million undocumented residents living in the state of Texas. (Tannahill) The
population growth rate, whether by legal or illegal means is only one of the issues that has been troubling state law makers and affecting the state's
water plan. The second issue that is affecting Texas' water is the drought conditions that the state is currently suffering from.
Since 1990 Texas has seen a trend towards warmer and drier summers than usual. Texas which geographically sits in the south central part of the
United States with an extensive border with the Gulf of Mexico gets its weather patterns from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Researchers
have shown that warmer than normal temperatures in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans often lead to drier than normal summers. The research also
shows that these trends will last for more than 20 to 25 years. Since we have been in this weather pattern since 1990, (Hembreee), hopefully we are
nearing the end of the dry cycle. However, Mother Nature is never predictable. Meteorologists are only able to speculate about a week in advanced
with any certainty. The eastern Pacific Ocean cycles between three phases, the three phases are El Nino, La Nina, and Neutral phase. La Nina is
cooling of the sea–surface temperatures and tends to bring more rain into the Gulf of Mexico and Texas. On the opposite

Texas Political Parties In The 20th Century
Texas is a unique state, with many defining characteristics that make up popular perceptions– cold glasses of sweet tea, southern drawls, oil and sun
everywhere, and Republican government. Of course, popular perceptions are often over wrought and dragged out as with any thing popular, but one
thing in those lists is certain, besides the sweet tea, and it is that Republicans have dominated the political scene for the last several decades. From a
humble mid–19th century beginning to the rise of the party in the 20th century, their history is rich yet slow moving. Economic and social issues have
all played into the right–winged dominance that persists today, however, they are also what will most likely fuel the next impending political party
shift in Texas that seems to inch closer each year. According to the Texas GOP's website, the Republican Party was established in opposition to the
Kansas–Nebraska Bill by a collection of Mid–Western abolitionists in 1845. The proposed bill would give new territories a choice in whether slavery
was allowed or banned in the area. Democrats were the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It wasn't until 1960 when Richard M. Nixon ran in a losing yet extremely close election to former President John F. Kennedy that they gained a bit of
recognition. Through out the late 1960s and 1970s, Republicans gained more political power across the state and country, being elected governor and
senate positions more than ever before. By the 1980s, Texas had undergone a complete political realignment that swung Republican, and they continued
to gain steam in the 1990s with election of George W. Bush to state governor, and then President of theUnited States. By the early 2000s, the party had
gained majority in the State Senate and in county governments, and they continue to be a dominating force in

Richard Cavazos: Military Service
In every theater of war, Hispanic Soldiers from all around the world have risked their lives in defense of the United States. Hispanic Americans have
not hesitated to defend and show their allegiance to this nation in many different ways, but especially through military service. On January 31, 1929 a
Mexican–American, Richard Cavazos, was born in Kingsville, Texas. Later, he earned his commission as a distinguished graduate from the ROTC
program at Texas Technological University in 1951, and also attended the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, the British Staff College
and the Armed Forces Staff College.
After his basic officer training at Fort Benning, Georgia, followed by training at Airborne School, Cavazos deployed to Korea with the 65th Infantry
Division where he served as a platoon leader. As everybody knows, the 65th Infantry Division also called the Borinqueneers suffered a lot of
discrimination, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the same year, Cavazos's unit participated in the Battle of Loc Ninh. Two days of heavy fire fighting was experienced in which the Division
lost five of its Soldiers, and the enemy suffered 100 deaths. For his great leadership and abilities during these battles, Cavazos received his second
Distinguished Service Cross. After completing his tour of duty in Vietnam, Cavazos returned to theUnited States of America and continued with his
career path with a lot of enthusiasm. He worked hard in every position that he served and always strived to be one of the best in all the companies
that he worked with. Before Cavazos was promoted to the rank of Brigade General he held several positions including Assistant Deputy Director of
Operations at the Pentagon, and Director of the Inter–American Region Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security

US-MEXICAN WAR Essay
The U.S.–Mexican War was a violent and shattering event for Mexican citizens that lasted from 1846–1848 in what is now the state of Texas. It
drastically altered the course of Mexican and American history for years to come. It occurred because of the unsettled disputes about the borders of
newly annexed Texas. Once the debilitating battle ended, the United States emerged a world power having acquired more than 500,000 square miles of
valuable territory. There are many potentially feasible explanations on the cause of the war; including, fault laying with American slaveholders for
conquest of Mexico, the war as an American plot and responsibility lying with President Polk of the United States. However, this paper focuses on the
three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. "soon saw themselves masters of Louisiana, [ready to] spread their snares at once for the rest of the Floridas, and the province of Texas."
Mexico did not know how to handle this migration from the U.S. as its citizens were still in the midst of the Mexican Revolution. It was the
"insatiable ambition of the United States, favored by [Mexican] weakness" that was the principle cause of the U.S.–Mexican War. However, soon after
the Mexican Republic was formed, it was realized that the U.S. expansion into Mexico could become a real danger. Mexico had just attained its
freedom from Spain in the 1820s and as such, did not want to fall into another malevolent trap with the U.S., leaving its citizens unsure on how to
proceed without starting a war. This is in part because not all migration was unsolicited before the annexation of Texas. After Mexico declared its
independence from Spain it needed more settlers to populate the areas of Mexico without many citizens living in its regions. Thus, in order to ease
tensions between the countries a proposal was created that involved U.S. citizens living in Texas to become citizens of Mexico and pledge allegiance
to the Mexican nation. They would become Catholics and obey the laws of their new nation. However, what was decided on paper and what the settlers
actually did were inconsistent with each other. The settlers were unhappy with the rules of their new government,

Texas Lottery and Education
Texas Lottery and Education Funding
Destinee Caster
Abstract
Texans believe that participating in the Texas Lottery helps the Texas Education Foundation but little do they know; how much money actually goes to
the Texas Education Foundation. The effect of the Texas Lottery is causing more of a negative impact on Texans than the Education Foundation is
benefiting.
The Texas Lottery negatively impacts the people that play the lottery and the programs that are supposed to benefit from the proceeds. Because of the
big dream of winning, the lottery has taken a toll on Texans. "People believe that the Texas Lottery is their only chance to strike it rich" (Buckland,
2010). There is not near enough money going towards the Texas Education... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Texans voted for a constitutional amendment that allowed funds of the lottery to be dedicated to education funding. But the Texas Legislature
examined Lottery funds of other states including California and Florida who had dedicated lottery money to the education and discovered that these
states had less money for education. Critics from this era believed that states without lotteries collected fewer taxes than the states with lotteries.
(Heines & Tinsley 1997).
In 2009, a great amount of the stimulus funds were designated for education spending. The 91 billion dollars that was supported by this fund did not
cover the total federal spending on education of the years 2008 to 2009 which summed up to be 667 billion dollars. An estimation of 570 billion
dollars was not supported by the total education bill of federal spending. It costs an estimated 35 billion dollars to cover kindergarten through twelfth
grade on a yearly basis. (Voice,2011).
"Texas law says lottery proceeds are supposed to go toward education" (Oberg 2011). The lottery has only given one billion dollars every year to
Texas Schools since 1998, but since lottery sales have become greater, the lottery has not been giving more money to the Texas schools. Even with the
lottery earnings increasing the amount of money applied towards the Education Fund has not shown the difference of cash increase. One of the reasons
why education is not

Why Is Benjamin Edwards Important To Texas
I will be talking about Benjamin Edwards and how he was important to Texas. Edwards was born on October 26, 1931 in Bourbon County, Kentucky.
In 1825 he moved to Texas to Hadens colony (His brother Haden Edwards). On December 16, while the mexican authorities and troops were
advancing on Nacogdoches, Edwards and 30 other men rode into Nacogdoches and proclaimed the Republic of Fredonia, this instituting the attempt
minor revolution known as the Fredonia Revolution. On December 21 Edwards made an agreement with Richard Fields and Dr. John Dunn Hunters
by which, in return for for their cooperation, the Cherokees were to have land of Texas between the Red River and the Rio Grande west of Old San
Antonio Road while the rest of the land belonged

Texas Cattle Trail Research Paper
In the years after the Civil War, Texas seemed to be the land of opportunity. Northern pioneers, newly freed slaves, some Mexican citizens, and cattle
poured into Texas. Business savvy cattlemen acted on the high demand of beef in the United States. They assembled herds of free–ranging wild cattle
together in South Texas for drives up the trail to railhead markets in Kansas. The men who worked on the cattle trails imagined themselves as cowboys,
but never imagined the hard labor that would follow. They left home as young, naГЇve, but brave men only to return after one season on the trail
toughened and wise.
The cattle industry in Texas has been around from the time when the Spanish attempted to establish missions and assimilate the Native Americans...
The first cattle drive from Texas on the legendary Chisholm Trail headed north out of DeWitt County in 1866, crossing Central Texas toward the
markets and railheads in Kansas. This trail was named after Indian trader Jesse Chisholm. The initial trail was expanded north and south by other
drovers therefore, the trail was not one fixed route. According to Michael Gauer, "Wayne Gard quoted an old–timer, T.C. Richardson, who observed:
"We shall get rid of a good deal of geographical difficulty at once by recalling that trails originated wherever a herd was shaped up and ended
wherever a market was found. A thousand minor trails fed the main

Texas Vs. Houston
Since Texas won independence in 1837 there has been a debate which city better Austin or Houston. They have both been the capitol of Texas at some
point in time with Houston being really close is why in 1842 the capitol was move to Houston, but it would only last two years. In 1844 the capitol
move back to Austin because of the Archive Wars. Austin,Texas, home to the Texas Longhorns and Bevo, as like football Austin has a rich and long
history. Austin was founded in 1837 and was name after Stephen F. Austin, the father of Texas. After Texas Gained independence in 1837 Austin
became the capitol until 1842 when Sam Houston, the current Republic President at the time, moved it to Houston which was a city named after him
since he was the hero ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Houston is the most industrial in the state of Texas and is a very profitable city because of it. Houston was established as a city in 1836 and was
founded by the Allen brothers who name the city after the war hero and futre President of the Republic, Sam Houston. It would soon become the
capitol in 1842 by Sam Houston, but the capitol life was short and sweet. Because in 1844 it was move back to Austin where it has been ever since.
Houston is close on the gulf which makes it a dominant factor in trade, which help get Texas in to the Union. Since the revatillty of Houston being
close to Austin they have the same climate with Houston being a humid subtropical topic with humid blistering summers, mild winters, and rainy
spring. Public transportation is a new edition to city all including a intercity rail system, intercity bus, Uber, Lyft, taxis, and bike rentals being popular
for tourist. Holocaust Museum, Jamail Skate Park, Houston Grand Opera, Hermann Park, Galleria, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston,
CITYCENTRE, Matt Family Orchard, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Rothko Chapel, James Turrell Sky space, and The Menil Collection, are just
some of the more popular places you can travel to in Houston, but there is one place that beats all of them. Houston Space Center the location of
many rocket take offs and the location where the first man on the moon came from, but also to one of the most tragic explosion of a rocket in history
Apollo 11. Houston has amazing hotels like, The Lancaster, Four Points, Lexington, Red Roof, and Stay Bridge

The State of Texas
The state of Texas may have experienced a great deal of short comings in the pass, but Texas continues to flourish. Over the years many true leaders
have without a doubt change Texas Government in different ways. One of the most important people to impact Texas government was known for her
big heart and humorist personality. A real die heart Texan with devotion and goals to build a newTexas. For instance, establishing opportunities for
women and minorities, reformations and increasing school funding are just a few things to shift Texas Government. Former governor Ann Richards is
one of the most important women to impact Texas Government.
Ann Richards was a democratic, born September 1, 1933 in Lacy–Lakeview, Texas. She was an American politician with a very extensive background.
In 1976 she became County Commissioner, Treasurer of State in1982 and the second female Governor of Texas in 1990. Richards made national
headlines at the Democratic National Convention when she gave the keynote address in 1988. Making jokes about fellow Texan George H.W. Bush
saying, "Poor George, he was born with a sliver foot in his mouth."( Richards 2). With her sense of humor and generous heart she broke barriers and
empowered women and minorities to be leaders. Richards was a feminist with plans to break a
Texas was considered to be a male–dominate state, women didn't have the same rights as men and were looked upon as the weaker vessel. For
example,women couldn't

Strategic Resource Management Essay
By integrating human resources management (HRM) into the Hospital planning process and emphasizing human resources (HR) activities that support
the Hospital's mission and goals, hospital departments are able to ensure that the management of HR contributes to mission accomplishment and
managers are held accountable for their HRM decisions.
Strategic human resources management...strategic alignment...alignment with Hospital mission accomplishment. These are just a few of the terms
being used to describe the new, evolving role of HRM. What do these terms really mean? If you were to ask Hospital employees and managers, you
would probably get a wide range of answers. So, it's important to establish from the beginning what is really being ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, employment security may help align the interests of employees and Hospital partners. Hospital problems are reduced because when job
security exists, the employees, like shareholders, are concerned about the long–term success of the firm. With the commitment from the Hospital for
job security, application of laws becomes a relationship that both the employer and employee has to manage.
Application of Laws
Many employers are required to develop affirmative action plans (AAPs) that identify problem areas in the employment of protected–class members
and initiate goals and steps to overcome those problems. Memorial Hospital is no different. Memorial follows all laws on sex/gender discrimination,
which have addressed issues regarding pregnancy discrimination, unequal pay for similar jobs, and sexual harassment.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that most employers identify the essential functions of jobs and make reasonable accommodation
for individuals with disabilities, unless undue hardship results.
Implementation of equal employment opportunity requires appropriate record keeping, such as completing the annual report (EEO–1), and keeping
applicant flow data. Below is the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII and what it covers. I have also included some additional information that fall
under the umbrella of the Civil Right Act of 1964,

Texas Governors Are Not As Powerful As Many People Think
Texas governors are not as powerful as some people think. Their personality and appearance matter the most when being considered for a vote. The
governor is seen the most rather the other officials, which is why their personality and appearance is so important. Governors used to be able to serve
a 2 year term but that changed in 1974. The service term increased by 2 years. Rick Perry was elected in 2000 and is Texas' longest serving governor. To
be an eligible candidate the aspiring governor should be at least 30 years of age. Usually, the governor is a white, mid–age, male. Over time things
changed when Miriam Ferguson and Ann Richards were elected. To be a candidate you must also be a U.S. citizen and at least lived in the state 5...
Miriam Ferguson was the first female governor of Texas. She served two terms in 1927 and 1935. She decided to run after her husband's
impeachment and conviction. Her slogan for the first election's campaign was "Me for Ma, and I Ain 't Got a Durned Thing Against Pa." She beat
her opponent with 58.9 percent of votes. In the second election she won with 61.6 percent of the votes. Houstonians may know her for her signature
on the Texas House Bill 194. This particular law was important for the University of Houston. In 1933, the University was established as a four year
institute. During Miriam's second an amendment was passed to disable the governor to issue pardons. Within the two terms that Miriam served, she
issued about 4000 pardons to the violators of the prohibition law.
Ann Richards was the second female Texas governor. Unlike Miriam Ferguson she didn't serve two terms. Although, she ran for a second term she lost
to George W. Bush. During Ann's governorship she introduced lottery tickets to Texas. She bought the first lottery in May of 1992 near Austin. The
lottery revenue was supposed to enhance the finances for schools. Ann Richards was also known for her anti–homosexual mentality. She signed a law
that made homosexuality illegal. Ann Richards is also recognized for appointing the first non–white commission head. Hispanic, Lena Guerrero was
appointed as the head of the Texas Railroad Commission.
The

Essay on The Duality of the American Dream in Amy Tanв
Ђ™s...
For millions of immigrants, America has been seen as the land of opportunity where anyone could become anything he or she wanted to be. A family
that believes strongly in the American dream can be found in Amy Tan's short story, "Two Kinds." The story centers around the daughter of a Chinese
immigrant who desperately wants her daughter to become successful. In the story, the author shows the difficult lives immigrants face when moving to
a new culture. In this short story, the theme shows the protagonist's conflict with her mother on the type of daughter her mother wants her to be. The
author establishes the theme of how difficult mother–daughter relationships can be through characterization, setting, and symbolism. Primarily, Tan...
The angry tone in the beginning leads to tension, but ends on a softer note once Jing–mei is older and learns to be more sympathetic. The setting of the
story helps the theme become more realistic. In addition to setting, the author uses symbols to strengthen the theme of the story. In the story, the mother
buys Jing–mei a piano on which to practice. The mother and Jing–mei have different perspectives on what this symbol means. To Jing–mei, the piano
symbolizes her mother trying to change her into something other than herself; however, the piano symbolizes the American dream to her mother.
Eventually as Jing–mei ages, she could see her mother's idea on what the piano means and learns to appreciate the piano. When Jing–mei is a woman,
"[she] realized that ["Pleading Child" and "Perfectly Contended"] were two halves of the same song" (Tan 9). As Critic Cynthia Becerra states, "the
self–realization completes this rich vignette, it is not without pain and loss.(Becerra)" This realization shows how she learns that her mother only has
high aspirations for her. The symbolical piano helps the theme by showing the contrasting views between the mother and the daughter in their
relationship. Furthermore, Amy Tan writes a wonderful short story about the complicated relationship between mothers and daughters, yet one can be
enriching. The theme of "Two

Essay Sam Houston
Sam Houston
Sam Houston was as legend reports a big man about six foot and six inches tall. He was an exciting historical figure and war hero who was involved
with much of the early development of our country and Texas. He was a soldier, lawyer, politician, businessman, and family man, whose name will be
synonymous with nation heroes who played a vital part in the shaping of a young and prosperous country. He admired and supported the Native
Americans who took him in and adopted him into their culture to help bridge the gap between the government and a noble forgotten race. Sam Houston
succeeded in many roles he donned as a man, but the one most remembered is the one of a true American hero.
On March 2, 1793, Samuel Houston was born ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Surprisingly, Houston resigned his commission in the army over false accusations concerning his involvement in slave trading.
Houston studied law in Judge James Trimble's law office in Nashville, Tennessee. Six months later he passed the bar and started a law practice in
Lebanon, Tennessee where he was appointed Adjutant General of the state of Tennessee, with the military rank of Colonel. Next, he was nominated
and won the office of Attorney General of the Nashville District in Tennessee. Sam later resigned to return to private law practice, but was soon
elected by his fellow officers to the position of Major General in the Tennessee state militia. He had a history of bouncing back and forth between
politics and the military. Nominated by Andrew Jackson's Democratic Party for the U.S. House of Representatives, Houston won the election by
getting 100% of the votes. Not uncommon for politicians in the time period, Sam Houston badly wounded General William A. White in a duel fought
6 miles south of Franklin, Kentucky. Soon after, in 1827 Sam was elected Governor of Tennessee, replacing two–term Governor William Carrol. Two
years later he married his first wife, Eliza Allen, an 18–year–old daughter of a plantation owner. Within two weeks of his marriage, Houston was
announced as a candidate for re–election as Governor of Tennessee. Sam separated from his wife Eliza after less than four months of marriage. One
week later he resigned as Governor of

A Woman Governing Over Texas
No one would had imagined a woman governing over Texas, a state ruled by conservative white cowboys. Ann Richards was the second woman to
become the Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1990. She became the hero of minorities, woman, gay men, and lesbians, and worked for a "New Texas"
where opportunities and power would be given to those groups. Ann Richards is known as the most efficient person in a line of long Texas
progressives who fought for control over Texas when the state was a "Democratic Stronghold". Her loss against Gorge W. Bush after her first term as
governor, was a strong indication that the generations of Democrats ruling Texas had ended.
Before Ann Richards made a career in politics, she had a career as a mother and wife. Ann was born inWaco, Texas on September 1 of 1933. Waco
back then was segregated, had strong religious ideas, and its people where known as being strict conservatives. Ann met her future husband in 1949
when Ann and David where on their senior year in Waco High. Once they graduated high school in 1950, Ann wanted to leave Waco and follow
David to Austin where David was studying to become a lawyer at the University of Texas. Ann's mother, Eleanor, didn't seem that it was a good idea
for her baby girl leave her hometown. Ann was enrolled at Baylor University with a scholarship that payed for her education. They got married in
1953 and four years later, Ann was pregnant with her first daughter, Cecile. David had a job in Austin and Ann stayed in

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