3. What is anxiety and what is an
anxiety disorder?
• Anxiety:: a state of physiological arousal
associated with feelings of apprehension, worry
or uneasiness that something is wrong or that
something unpleasant is about to happen
• Anxiety Disorder:: used to describe a group of
disorders that are characterised by chronic
feelings of anxiety, distress, nervousness and
apprehension or fear about the future, with a
negative effect
4.
5. What is a phobia and how does it
differ from ordinary fear?
• A phobia is an excessive or unreasonable fear
directed towards a particular object,
situation or event that causes significant
distress or interferes with everyday
functioning.
• Fear and Phobias different in the individual’s
ability to function in normal, day-to-day life
6.
7. Specific Phobias
• A disorder characterised by significant
anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific
feared object or situation, often leading to
avoidance behaviour
8.
9. Psychodynamic and behavioural
models
• According to Freud, a specific phobia, which
he called anxiety hysteria, develops as a
consequence of an unresolved Oedipal
complex.
10.
11. Cognitive models and biases
• focuses on how the individual processes
information about the phobic stimulus and
related events.
• A cognitive bias is a tendency to think in a
way that involves errors of judgement and
faulty decision-making. Essentially. A
cognitive bias involves a ‘mistake in thinking’,
which is why it is also sometimes referred to
as a cognitive distortion
12.
13. • Cognitive behavioural therapy, commonly
referred to as CBT, combines cognitive and
behavioural therapies to help people manage
mental health problems and disorders
