2. What do you think of when you
hear the word “relationship”?
3. Relationships in Writing
Writers use two common methods to
show relationships in writing:
1. Transitions
2. Patterns of organization
4. 2 Types of Relationships
Relationships that
involve addition
Relationships that
involve time
5. I. Transitions
What do you think of when you hear
the word “transition”?
Apply your prior knowledge:
What have you learned that makes
transitioning ideas easier, when
writing?
6. Transition=Bridge
Transitions are words or phrases that
show a relationship between ideas,
particularly between sentences
Visualize a transition like a bridge.
EXAMPLE: I love my dog. In addition, I
love my chickens.
7. Transitions that show
ADDITION
These words signal ADDED ideas between sentences
When you want to add something to an idea, what do
you usually say?
Further, furthermore
Also
In addition
Next
Moreover
Another
Other
8. STOP: Try this
See the difference in the example below:
Writers use transitions to show relationships between
their ideas. Readers rely on these transitions to
understand what they are reading.
Writers use transitions to show relationships between
their ideas. Furthermore, readers rely on these transitions
to understand what they are reading.
Try Practice 1 on page 187 to see how well you can
identify ADDITION transition words.
9. Transitions that show TIME
These words show TIME between ideas
When you want to show that time has passed, what do
you usually say?
First, second third
Before
Then
Eventually
later
While
Meanwhile
10. Look out!
1. Some transitions have the same meaning:
Also=moreover—they mean the same thing!
Furthermore=in addition—they also mean the same thing!
2. Sometimes, a transition word can be either TIME or
ADDITION depending on how it is used:
First, recycling cans is one way to save the environment.
First, I woke up late for school.
Which example suggests TIME and which suggests
ADDITION?
11. STOP: Try this
See the difference:
Amy brewed some coffee. She poured it. She added milk.
She stirred it. She drank it.
First, Amy brewed some coffee. Then, she poured it and
added milk. Next, she stirred it. When she was done
preparing it, she drank it.
Try Practice 2 on page 190 to see how well you can
identify ADDITION transition words.
12. TEST YOURSELF I:
Transitions
1. What does a transition show?
2. What is a visual way to remember the
function of a transition?
3. What are the two types of transitions
that writers use? Also provide an
example of each type.
13. II. Patterns of Organization
You just learned that transitions
show ADDITION or TIME between
sentences
Similarly, patterns of organization
also show ADDITION or TIME
between supporting ideas
14. 2 Types of Patterns
A list of
items
pattern
A Time-
Order
Pattern
15. List of Items Pattern
Refers to a series of reasons, examples, or other points
that support an idea.
One
First, second, third
Also
In addition
Next
Moreover
Further, furthermore
YES! These look like
the same words used
for transitions.
Remember: these
are for showing
relationships
between supporting
ideas.
16. Time Order Pattern
When a writer presents events in an order in which they
happen is “time order” or “chronological”
When a passage is written in time order, it will have a
series of events, stages, or directions, like this:
First, second, third
Next
Then
Finally
17. STOP: Try this
Look at Practices 4-6 on pages 198-202 and see how
well you can identify the time order in a passage.
18. Three Final Points
1. Sometimes, passages can use more than one pattern
of organization. It could start with a list and then switch
to time order.
2. What appears as a series of events may be a list of
items.
3. Not all relationships between ideas are signaled by
transitions.
19. TEST YOURSELF II:
Patterns of Organization
1. What are patterns of organization?
2. How are they different than transitions?
3. What are two common patterns of
organizations?
