Taking A Look At Syria

Taking a Look at Syria
Syria which formerly was called Al Sham or Levant is located in Western Asia. This country has
borders with Turkey to the north Iraq to the east Jordan to the south Israel to the south east and
Lebanon and Mediterranean Sea to the west. Before 1516 Syria was part of Mamluk Empire
centered in Egypt. In 1516 the Ottoman Sultan, Selim, conquered Syria, after defeating the Mamluk
near Aleppo in Northern Syria. After sometimes he changed the whole Syria into one Eyalat named
Sam (Syria). During the course of history the number of Eyalats was growing and in 1877. It had six
provinces which were Aleppo Vilayet, Sanjak of Zor, Beirut Vilayet, Damascus vilaytat,
Mutasarrifate of Mount Lebanon and Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem. Now the modern Syria which was
established after First World War has fourteen governorates or Muhafazat. Each of the governorates
is divided into sixty districts or Mantiqa, which are further divided into sub districts (Nahiya). Every
Nahiya encompasses villages which are considered the smallest administrative unite. Each
governorate is governed by a governor and is appointed by the ministry of interior and must gain the
approval of the cabinet. The capital of the Syria is Damascus, which is located in the south of Syria.
Syria is a diverse country and is consisted of different ethnic groups including Sunni 75% , Kurds 10
to 15% , Alawites (a shia sect) 8 to 15%, Christians 10%, Ismailis, (branch of the shia sect) comprise
a small percentage of the population
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Hezbollah: The Iranian Civil War
Hezbollah is a Shiit Islamic political and paramilitary organization based in Lebanon. This
organization is a political and military force. According to The Council on Foreign Relations,
"Hezbollah (or "Party of God") emerged during Lebanon's fifteen–year–long civil war (1975–1990)
in the aftermath of Israel's invasion in 1982 and subsequent occupation" (Masters, 2014). Hezbollah
is fighting against Israel and "western imperialism" in Lebanon. This means that they wanted
dominance over Israel. Hezbollah's origins and ideology form from the Iranian Revolution. "The
revolution called for a religious Muslim government that would represent the oppressed and
downtrodden" states (Hezbollah: History & Overview). One of the reasons why Hezbollah is ...
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Hezbollah receives financial aid, training, weapons, and explosives from Iran. Iran also helps with
organizational aid. "According to Iran's official budget, Iran gave $500 million in support of radical
Islamic organizations around the world in the 1990s. Of that money, Hezbollah was reported to
receive at least $250 million" (TRAC). Without this money from Iran, carrying out attacks cannot be
accomplished.
Hezbollah also finances its terrorism using drug trafficking. This operation is how Hezbollah truly
remains a huge threat. Hezbollah primarily earns its profits through illegal drug sales in Latin
America. A interesting case about Hezbollah's drug trafficking came in 2011 when the U.S.
government seized drug profits linked to Ayman Joumaa, who was linked to Hezbollah. His network
was earning as much as $200 million per month! This money goes toward resources such as training
and weapons for

The Economy Of Lebanon Is A Developing Economy
The economy of Lebanon is a developing economy, with a private sector that contributes to 75% of
aggregate demand and a large banking sector that supports this demand. The IMF forecast a growth
of 7% for Lebanon 's real GDP in 2010 and 2011 following 9% growth in 2009 and 8.5% in 2008. It
has the 54th richest GDP per capita in the world, and it is forecasted that Lebanon 's GDP per capita
will reach 20,000 by 2015, making it one of the strongest economies in the region. However, the
Lebanese economy was badly affected by the Syrian civil war. The institute of international finance
forecasted a GDP growth of 0.7% for 2013. The major industrial sectors include metal products,
banking, agriculture, chemicals, and transport equipment. Lebanon has a competitive and free
market regime and a strong laissez–faire commercial tradition. The Lebanese economy is service–
oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism. There are no restrictions on foreign
exchange or capital movement. Macro–economic trend This is a chart of trend of gross domestic
product of Lebanon at market prices estimated by the International Monetary Fund with figures in
millions of Lebanese Pounds. For purchasing power parity comparisons, the US Dollar is exchanged
at 1,403.29 Lebanese Pounds only. Mean wages were $8.95 per manhour in 2009. – ! colspan 18
style "background: #efefef; border–bottom: 2px solid gray;" GDP – Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 – GDP

Rafic Hariri's Legacy
Rafic Hariri has bestowed upon Lebanon a legacy that will never deteriorate and has been chiseled
into its history. His vision, focus, and determination are still embedded in the hearts of all of
Lebanon's citizens. He was a symbol of peace and unity for the country in a time where war was a
common occurrence. Hariri was a man who believed that people should "throw away the gun and
take up the pen." He brought out Lebanon's true colors and set an example for the Middle East to
follow. Hariri was a billionaire with a heart worth more than his money. Rather than use his money
for personal gains, he always lent a helping hand to those who sought it. He funded millions of
scholarships and projects to assist those in need of financial help. If you ... Show more content on
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Growing up in a family of nine, my father's childhood was rough. Money was always scarce and all
his family was one another. That was until his dad died in a fatal car accident. My father, being the
oldest, started working to provide money for the family. There were weeks when he would exert
himself for 80 hours just to make ends–meet. Despite my father's harsh workload, he pushed himself
to excel in school. He managed to maintain his straight 'A' record, but college was an expense that
would put him into crushing debt. My dad needed somebody who believed in him, somebody who
saw him as a strong–willed, rising star that would stop at nothing to prevent him from success.
Hariri saw himself in my father. He knew that the only thing holding him back from becoming
successful was his financial status. Hariri ended up funding my father a full ride scholarship to the
University of Massachusetts, where he completed his four year degree in Engineering. After
graduating and gaining work experience, my father was able to land his dream career at Johnson
Controls. Rafic Hariri's generosity towards my dad is priceless. I'll always be grateful for how Rafic
Hariri has impacted my father's life for the

Research Paper On What Did They Win Hezbollah
What did they win– Hezbollah won most feared because of all the wealth and military power they
have. Everyone in their country is afraid of Hezbollah. History– Hezbollah started in 1982 during
the first Lebanon war. Hezbollah is group of Muslims which is a party of God. They are powerful in
military and powerful in politics. Hezbollah is located in Lebanon. Lebanon is east of Syria. A lot of
the members of Hezbollah are either Muslims or Syrian people. Hezbollah is the most powerful in
military, biggest, wealthiest, and smartest terrorist organization. Philosophy of the group– Specific
events– In October 1983, Hezbollah bombed a multinational army base killing over 250 American
troops and over 50 French troops. They think it was suicide

Rodogno's Fourth Chapter Summary
Rodogno's fourth chapter is focused on Lebanon and Syria intervention, he starts off by giving the
audience context on Lebanon and Syria. What I found to be very important and evident through the
three chapters assigned this week is the idea of public opinion and media. This whole idea of media
and public opinion is important to the history because some outlets misinformed citizens, while
others attempted to paint the whole image of the massacres that took place in Lebanon and Syria.
Media is a great source into gaining and losing supporters of a cause. As an example, Napoleon
"published and censored news at his convenience...the biased information contributed to arouse
genuine feelings of French public opinion on behalf of the innocent Christian populations allegedly
slaughtered by the Druze" during the Lebanon massacre (94). In addition to media, "many images
and perceptions of Syria and Lebanon had circulated in Europe" (95), painting the idea of the
"Gentle Crusaders", whom are the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
British media outlets had a focus that was connected with the Cretan Question. Some outlets were in
support of the "union of Crete and Greece and contributed to a revival of the old Philhellene spirit"
(225). While majority of the other sources of media were "narrated epics of the Cretan Christians
against the Ottomans throughout centuries, some of them contrasting the "Cretan massacres" with
those of 1860 in Lebanon and Syria" (225). Once again, it is back to the idea of Cretan Christians as
civilized, while Muslims are barbarians that destroy everything. It's these biased outlets that creates
an idea/image on a group of individuals and based on those biased information, it creates a
collective unit that hates/fears a specific group, which is a major issue. Even in modern society,
citizens are introduced to many misconceptions which shape their idea towards a certain

The past 60 years in the Middle East have been compiled of...
The past 60 years in the Middle East have been compiled of political, territorial and religious
turmoil. Despite the numerous wars and conflicts found throughout the history of this region,
problems within the last half–century followed the 1967 War. The consequences that followed not
only succeeded into further conflicts, but also established an underlying future for the region.
Whether it determined alliances, enemies or configuration, the 1967 War laid out the preliminary
foundation for its regions future. The 1967 War undoubtedly implemented consequences, and these
are what ignited the Lebanese Civil War. The flow of Palestinian refugees Beirut, Lebanon started
following the 1948 war in Palestine. The aftermath of this war created ... Show more content on
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This resulted in four religious factions of power amongst the people in Lebanon, the Phalangist
Party (mostly Maronites), the Druze, the Shi'i (Amal and Hezbollah) and the Sunni (Arab Army of
Lebanon). For this reason, the country of Lebanon was in the midst of a civil war.
With war on the arise and the Lebanese army incapable of bearing arms against fellow Muslims, the
Phalangist militia sparked the Civil war with an attack on Palestinian camps in Beirut. The
Palestinian regime retaliated and gained additional forces that drove the Phalangist militia to East
Beirut and the North side of the Mount Lebanon. Victory was in Palestinian reach until Franjiyeh
plead for a cease–fire from Syria, which was later granted in 1976. The Syrian intervention did not
just stop the war, it more importantly, prevented Palestinian escape from Syrian influence, and
possible conflict with Israel. This period of peace would not last.
Bashir Gemayel reconsolidated Maronite forces and controlled the Lebanon Front from 1977–1982.
Bashir also formed an important allegiance with Israel in 1980. It was enviable that Israel would
invade Lebanon, however, it was not until 1982 following countless Palestinian acts of terrorism.
With the Israeli invasion came bombardments killing thousands, both soldiers and civilians.
Furthermore, Bashir Gemayel, Israeli ally, was elected as Lebanese president. However, his
presidency would

The Effect Of The Great War On The Middle East
The Sykes–Picot Agreement, or more commonly known as the Asia Minor Agreement, is one of the
most pivotal events in the history of the Middle East that would alter the very structure of the
region. It continues to negatively impact the countries that were involved due to the decisions made
when it was signed and immediately after. The main purpose of the agreement was the
dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after it was defeated in World War One . The Middle East
region did offer many advantages to the Western powers for economic benefits, trading routes and
commerce . The Great War was a major turning point for many regions across the European theatre
but especially in the Middle East, the war signalled the end of the Ottoman Empire, a ... Show more
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The French representative was Francois–Georges Picot, a professional diplomat with extensive
experience in the Middle Eastern region. The Middle East offered a vast number of opportunities to
the Western countries in particular Britain's interest in the provinces was focused on the protection
of its routes to India. Securing cheap accessible oil for the British Empire's needs and maintaining
the balance of power in the Mediterranean to its own advantage and protecting financial issues were
also their interests in the region. France aimed to preserved its centuries old ties with the Syrian
Catholics, gain a strategic and economic base in the eastern Mediterranean, guarantee a cheap
supply flow of cotton and silk and prevent Arab nationalism from infecting the French north African
empire . All of these goals from both the British and the French were never going to be successful.
With the help of Imperial Russia, the Western representatives divided up the region into specific
French and British administrated areas referring as zones and areas.
From 1920 onwards, the British and the French formalised the control these territories by the
League of Nations Mandate system, and France was assigned the Mandate of Syria which gave
control over modern Lebanon and the port of Alexandretta .The 'Blue Zone' was the area expanding
from the coastal strip of Syria, Lebanon and the

Conventional Long Form : Lebanese Republic
Country Name: Conventional long form: Lebanese Republic Conventional short form: Lebanon
Local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah Local short form: Lubnan (The World Factbook,
2016)
Capital: Beirut (Wikepedia, 2016)
Currency: Lebanese Pound (Oanda, 2016)
Population: 6,184,701 (2015 est.) (World Factbook–Lebanon, 2015)
Profile of
Lebanon, officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a sovereign state in western Asia and is
the smallest recognized country on the Asian continent. The countries location, at the
crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland, has helped to create its rich
history as well as its cultural and religious diversity. Arabic is the official national language.
Literature, art, and music are a major part of the Lebanese culture. The country also
celebrates both Christian and Muslim holidays. Family and business are also a very important
part of the Lebanese lifestyle (Wikipedia, 2016).
Lebanese Society and Culture
Family Values
Family life is very important in the Lebanese culture. Families operate under the values of
collectivism, which emphasizes the importance of groups, in Lebanese society. Each member
function in directly related to their individual status and identity. Household size ranges from 4

to 5 members. The importance of family life is evident in all aspects of the culture including
political, financial, and even personal relationships . Family status

The Declaration Of An Arab Identity Of A United Lebanon
Introduction
The Taif agreement tried to abolish sectarianism and declare an Arab identity of a united Lebanon;
however, in practice it perpetuated sectarianism through confessionalism and restructuring the
National Pact political system in Lebanon. It also failed to provide a concrete Arab identity or
unified Lebanon in practice, instead sectarian identities prevailed.
The situation before the agreement
The Ta'if accords modify the "rules of the game" of prewar Lebanon but they do not change their
basic character; they might even be making them worse.
Body 1: The Taif agreement perpetuated sectarianism through...
The Taif Agreement was the document that provided the basis for the ending of the civil war and the
return to political the so called "normalcy" in Lebanon. It constituted a compromise among the
Lebanese political parties and groups. The agreement defined the nation 's political system as a
parliamentary democracy, based on the principles of separation, balance, and cooperation among the
various branches of government. Most importantly it confirmed the unity of Lebanon and stated that
the abolition of political sectarianism constitutes a basic national goal to be achieved according to a
gradual scheme. However, this national goal has never been achieved. The Taif agreement both re–
codified sectarianism and worked as a catalyst for it in practice. Sectarianism was mainly re–
codified because the agreement implicitly ratified the National Pact of 1943 and

Revolutions Everywhere!: Animal Farm by George Orwell
Revolutions are a big part of our world and throughout history, for thousands of years, we have
experienced more of these uprisings than we can keep track of. Revolutions are necessary to bring
change to a country's government unwilling to listen to its people. When a government becomes a
tyranny, it's time for a revolution! A revolution aims at overthrowing a government or a certain part
of one and this is important to us in order to repair a country undergoing abuse of power on its
citizens. However, most of these rebellions involve weapons with the tragic death of innocent
people, and the countries experiencing this result in chaos with massive destruction leaving
thousands of citizens homeless and leading to massive debts in construction. A novel named Animal
Farm was written by the author George Orwell after he realized the terror brought upon a revolution
and therefore wrote the novel to convey his hatred of these events. This book gives an example of a
revolution in a society of animals. Most revolutions work in in a similar fashion; so, many
revolutions have similar aspects to the story in Orwell's novel, one of them being the Cedar
Revolution in Lebanon. The Cedar Revolution of 2005 parallels Animal Farm in which both
uprisings had a main figure, the revolutions were made possible due to these figures, and meetings
were held after the end of the revolts.
One way in which Animal Farm parallels the Cedar Revolution is that both revolutions had a main
figure which

The Responsibility Of 911 Attacks
Have you ever think of the US should take the responsibility of 911 attacks? September 11 attacks,
the deadliest terrorist attack in world history, were a series of airline hijacking by nineteen militants
of an Islamic extremist group Al–Qaeda. The hijackers, along with the suicide bombers, seized four
US commercial jets and crashed them into US's landmarks, Twins tower of World Trader Center and
the Pentagon, at 8:46 a.m. on September 11, 2011. The notorious Al–Qaeda chief Osama–bin–Laden
masterminded the attacks. According to CNN News, the September 11 attacks killed 2,966 people
and injured more than 6,000 citizens in New York City (CNN). Moreover, as reported by Health
Department WTC's Health Registry, the attacks brought on the post–traumatic stress disorder, and
they concluded that 1,140 people who worked near the Manhattan and the New York City at the
time are diagnosed with cancer caused by exposure to toxins at Ground Zero (Bendix). On
September 11, President George W Bush addressed a plausible but flawed explanation, "America
was targeted for attack because we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world.
And no one will keep that light from shining" (The Boston Globe), which indirectly reveals that
Bush is blaming Muslims for the fault for 911 attacks. While most of the Americans believe that
Muslims are fully responsible for the 911 attacks, the U.S involvement in Middle East affairs and
the exploitation of Middle East resources sparked off

How 1989 Changed The World
1989 is a remarkable year for the history of the world. The year taught many lessons and changed
the way our society functions. It has shaped the way we live our life and the information we learn.
The year 1989 was filled with many major events, style specific to that year, and a great deal of
politics. There were many sports events that occurred in the year 1989 that help pave the way for our
sports today. Within this year, many major deals were signed and racial barriers were destroyed.
Although the more money in the industry caused many problems. Baseball is one of the most
popular sports in America, due to the numerous deals it signed in 1989. For example "in 1989,
baseball signed a deal with CBS for $1.1 billion, and another with ESPN ... Show more content on
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These blockades later became the infamous "Berlin Wall". The wall was infamous because it "stood
as a grim symbol of totalitarian socialism" ("Berlin Wall" 2). "The soviets tried to control all of
berlin by blockading the roads."("Berlin Wall 2). After the building of the wall the Westerners
responded with the Berlin Airlift. The Airlift was was series of helicopter flights that supplied the
country with food and supplies. The Airlift not only helped them in their food situation but also
caused success for the economy in western Germany. The wall was later destroyed after the Eastern
Cabinet resigned. On "November 7... hundreds of thousands of Berliners took to the streets,
breaching the wall in frenzied celebration." ("Berlin Wall" 3). This was a momentous day as the
effect of the wall was essentially imprisonment for the people on the eastern side. The wall was
armed with guards that were instructed to kill anyone who attempted to escape. The destruction of
the wall was significant because it displayed how things can be accomplished without violence.
Then 21 days later "West Germany outlined a proposal calling for the reunification of the nation"
("Berlin Wall" 3). All in one year the wall that stood as a sign of separation was destroyed and the
two sides were

Hezbollah: Relationship Between Lebanon And Israel
The terrorist organization Hezbollah has a short history but the relationship between Lebanon and
Israel has been unstable and destructive since their inception in 1982. From the time of their
existence, Hezbollah's focus has been to eliminate Israel and drive out western imperialism in
Lebanon. They have been involved with two wars with Israel and countless acts of violence and
terror against other nations. In addition, they do not recognize Israel as a legitimate state. The
Council on Foreign Relations states, "Hezbollah emerged during Lebanon's fifteen–year–long civil
war (1975–1990) in the aftermath of Israel's invasion in 1982 and subsequent occupation". Once
Hezbollah was established, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard provided financial and political aid,
sanctuary, training, and thousands of soldiers to assist with Hezbollah's main objective – "to
establish an Islamic government across the Arab world that will liberate Jerusalem and the entire
area of the present–day State of Israel." Hezbollah also wanted to adopt the ideologies of the Iranian
Revolution, which is a combination of nationalism, political populism, and Shia Islamic religious
radicalism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in 1983, to show allegiance to Iran, Hezbollah coordinated two suicide attacks on the
U.S. Embassy and Marine barracks in Beirut. Seven months after U.S. troops withdrew from
Lebanon, another attack occurred in Beirut at an U.S. Embassy annex. Because of these deadly
attacks and the continued anti–Israel strikes, they were able to gain momentum and support from
Iran and Syria, and they became a dominating militia force, especially against a large army such as

Similarities And Differences Between Lebanon And Leae
Introduction 385 million people. 13 million square kilometers. 22 Countries. Significant numbers
that represent the population, the surface area, and the number of countries of the Arab world
respectively, and yet they all speak one language. The aforementioned surprisingly does not imply
that all Arabs are the same. Lebanon and the UAE are two countries belonging to the Arab world,
they both share one language which is Arabic with some differences in the accent. Lebanon is
known for its relaxed laws, extensive history, and corrupt government. UAE is known for its wealth,
development, and traditions. In spite of the fact that these two countries speak one language, they
have their similarities and differences when it comes to culture, law, ... Show more content on
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While similar in some ways, many differences can be identified between Lebanon and the UAE in
terms of legislation, especially when one examines crime and punishment, the structure of the
government, gender equality, and working conditions in both countries. One way they are similar is
that there are few laws that protect women against rape and sexual harassment with light
consequences for offenders, but they differ when it comes to the UAE's strict laws against
extramarital sex and public displays of affection, which are acceptable practices under Lebanese
law. Both governments have municipalities and ministries that govern local areas, however Lebanon
is a democracy with power split among the three dominant powers whereas the UAE is a unified
monarchy with one ruler that governs the laws. Women in Lebanon and the UAE enjoy the same
freedoms as men do in society with laws that empower them. The main difference is that Emirati
women are paid more than men while in Lebanon it's the opposite. What UAE and Lebanon share in
common is that western expats receive higher salaries and better work benefits compared to their
counterparts from less developed nations. That being said, UAE law contains additional provisions
that ensure that their citizens are guaranteed a job with higher minimum wages, while Lebanon

Final Project T306
Arab Open University Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) – T306B Academic Year 2012 – 2013 |
Semester: Fall | Branch: Lebanon | Program: System | Course Title: Managing Complexity A
Systems Approach | Course Code:T306 B | Student Name: Ibrahim Eid | Student ID: 080162 |
Section Number:209 | Tutor Name: Mrs. Wafaa Skaff | Total Mark: | Allocated Marks | Questions |
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | | | | Total | | Weight | 60 | 20 | 20 | | | | | | Marks | | | | | | | /100 | Allocated Marks | Criteria
| Presentation | Referencing/In–text Citations | Word Count | Total | | Marks Deduction | /–05 | /–05 |
/–05 | /–15 | 100 | /100 | Notes on plagiarism: A. According to the Arab Open ... Show more content
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This leads the systems practitioners to address the perspectives of a number of different stakeholders
who inhabit diverse of communities of practice and respect the experience and views that all other
bring to the research. All Views and voices of youth are of great value and taken into consideration,
in order to make the government provide Law and regulations. Everyone should be thanked for
his/her involvement by providing information and they must be protected from harm and know what
happened in the information that was provided by them. Introduction: Violence is a complex issue
that has been spreading widely and tremendously in Lebanon. It is present in schools, work
situations, streets, etc. I have chosen the messy situation "Family Violence in Lebanese" as my
situation of interest. Family violence and abuse can happen to anyone, yet the problem is often
overlooked, excused, or denied. It is a situation in which one family member causes physical or
emotional harm to another family member. At the center of this violence is the abuser 's need to gain
power and control over the victim. Abuse follows a cycle that has three stages. In stage one, tensions
exist and build up. Abuse takes place in stage two and in stage three the abuser feels remorse and
when the victim has the most control. As the cycle repeats itself the abuser often feels less and less
remorse and tends to become more severe. The family violence

Small Community Research Paper
I believe that people who live in small communities are too close minded when it comes to people of
other cultures. I base this belief on personal experiences and observations. The world is full of
different kinds of people, and understanding and respecting each other is important for our society to
be peaceful. People don't always have to agree on things, but they need to understand other people's
thoughts and motives for their way of life. So as not to take them the wrong way and cause
disagreement. Interaction with other cultures and people promotes understanding and tolerance,
however people who live in small, closed communities do not often have this opportunity. My uncle
from Sweden grew up during the 70's and 80's when Lebanon was an area in conflict; indeed, it was
a place filled with shacks and Muslim terrorists. My uncle, who has always lived in a small
community with a very homogenous population, told us when we moved here, that he will never
come to visit us in Lebanon because this is still how he thinks of it. His mind is not open to the
change this country has gone through. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the show Homeland during the first season, there is a scene that is supposed to be taking place in
Lebanon on Hamra street (which is a five minute walk from my house). One of the characters in the
show is being chased by terrorists through Hamra street, represented as a small, narrow dirt road
with shacks lining the sides. Women in burqas and men in jellabiyas (traditional Muslim clothing)
crowd the streets. When I meet people back in my grandparents' small hometown in Indiana, this is
how they seem to think of

The Conflict Between Syria And Lebanon
Syria and Lebanon are two dramatically different states with a deeply intertwined history. They were
both born out of French interventionism following World War 1, and have experienced complex and
strained relations ever since. The two nations have both experienced prodigious political turmoil
since gaining their independence, with both suffering from civil wars and conflict with their mutual
neighbor, Israel. The war and turmoil that has plagued these two countries can be traced back to
various competing national interests, as well as a struggle for regional power. The various religious
groups in the area have historically formed transnational advocacy networks with the intent of
influencing regional politics. These groups have proved to of been a major factor in the history of
both nations.
With the end of World War One and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the allied powers in Europe
were left in control of the Ottoman territory in the Middle East. The nation of France was left in
control of the area now known as Syria and Lebanon. The French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon,
which was formalized in 1922, officially made France responsible for creating the two states and
preparing them for self–governance (Kjeilen). By 1943 both nations had achieved their
independence from France, and they agreed to a tentative mutual security agreement. However
relations between the two nations remained strained. While the governments of both nations were
unified in their opposition to

The Conflict Between The Between Civilizational Blocks,...
Huntington predicted that future clashes will occur between civilizational blocks, Muslim and
Christians or Muslin and Hindu for example. However, the Lebanese and Bangladeshi cases show
that clashes occur between civilizations as shown above, but also within civilizational blocks – or
even within religious groups –. Before going further into Lebanon's and Bangladesh's history, a brief
review of Islam must be done. Muslims are split into two mains branches: Sunnis and Shia. The
origin of this division was a dispute right after the death of the Islam's founder, Prophet Muhammad,
in 932. The subject of the dispute is "Who should lead the Muslim community?". In the whole world
there is a broad majority of Sunnis, who represents between 80 to 90% of Muslims and Shia
Muslims are representing only 10% of the Muslim population. Shia Muslims and Sunnits Muslims
share many fundamental practices and beliefs, these two religions have co–exists for many
centuries. However, some ritual, theology or religious organisation triggers to sporadic fights.
During many century Sunni Muslims were marginalized, but in 80's, we saw their emergence, in
Lebanon with creation of Hezbollah and in Irak after Sadam Hussein's fall. Lebanon is composed by
approximatively 50% of Muslims: 20% Shia and 25% of Sunnites. This country's current tensions
are not opposing Christians to Muslims, as Huntington would have predicted, but rather inside of the
Muslim civilization opposing Sunni Muslims to Shia

The Relations Between Syria And Lebanon
The post 9/11 world has bought about huge changes throughout the Middle East and many countries
are experiencing challenges unprecedented since the end of the Second World War. United States
foreign policy, the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, and the geopolitical struggle between Iran and
Saudi Arabia throughout the Middle East has made the region politically unstable and ripe with
conflict and human suffering. This dire situation is a great example of how interconnected the
relationships of Middle Eastern countries are and how these relations often disseminate out and
affect the region as a whole. As such, an analysis of the bilateral relations between two Middle
Eastern countries allows us to partly understand how, when given historical context, this situation
came to be and what factors influence these relationships.
The bilateral relationship between Syria and Lebanon provides a great and unique analysis of the
factors that influence relationships between Middle Eastern states because of their shared but
complicated history. Both these countries used to be one in the same up until the early twentieth
century and their relations have gone through various evolutionary stages that have had a greater
political impact on the region altogether. In this paper I will examine the relationship between Syria
and Lebanon and seek to explain the key factors that influence this relationship.
The current relationship between Syria and Lebanon has largely been defined by the civil war

The International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Civil Aviation Organization
Origin, Objectives and Achievements
Introduction:
Civil aviation is a powerful force for progress in our modern global society. It creates and supports
millions of jobs worldwide. It forms part of the economic lifeline of many countries. It is a catalyst
for travel and tourism, the world's largest industry. Beyond economics, air transport enriches the
social and cultural fabric of society and contributes to the attainment of peace and prosperity
throughout the world. Therefore, providing a cohesive, global form of organization for such
activities is essential in ensuring their quality, stability and effectiveness.
The International Civil Aviation Organization:
I– Definition:
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To secure international co–operation and a highest possible degree of uniformity in regulations and
standards, procedures and organization regarding civil aviation matters.
2. To ensure the safety and orderly development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.
3. To provide a forum whereby requirements and procedures in need of standardization may be
introduced, studied and resolved.
Strategic Objectives for 2005–210:
1. Enhance global civil aviation Safety
2. Enhance global aviation security
3. Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the environment
4. Enhance the efficiency of aviation operations
5. Maintain the continuity of aviation operations
6. Strengthen law governing international civil aviation
IV– Achievements:
The efforts of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have contributed to making air
travel the safest mode of transportation, with the continuous strong growth of airline traffic. In 1947,
when nine million traveled, 590 were killed in aircraft accidents; in 1993 the number of deaths was
936 out of the 1.2 billion airline passengers.
Case Study: Lebanon

Previous Lebanese Prime Minister visits ICAO Headquarters in Canada
In 1997, ex–Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri visited ICAO Headquarters while on an official visit to
Canada. He met with senior officials of the organization following a tour of the new headquarters
and conference centre.
This visit, which

The Is The Party Of God
Abstract
When translated, Hezbollah means "The Party of God." However, as we examine the history,
demographics, agenda, methodology and target choices and affiliation assignments and
contributions of Hezbollah, we discover that this organization was established with perhaps one goal
in mind and that is to strike fear into the hearts of those that oppose an Islamic state in Lebanon.
Therefore, as the self–proclaimed "Party of God," based on the history of their activities and actions,
they appear to be something entirely different.
History
Since the establishment of Hezbollah in 1982 as part of the Iranian government's Revolutionary
Guard, according to Spindlove et al (2010, pp. 249–252), the goal of this organization has since
been the creation of an independent Islamic state exclusive of the nation of Lebanon. Moreover,
according to a compilation of information by Berman (2015), it is widely believed that the
Hezbollah ideology spawned during the Iranian Revolution. During this revolution, the rhetoric
called upon Muslims to over through governments that oppressed them and their beliefs. Within
Lebanon, according to perceptions of the Hezbollah leaders, the United States (U.S.) was ultimately
to blame for the oppression of Lebanese Muslims and their beliefs while, simultaneously, viewing
Israel as an extension of the U.S. and its policies within the region. Led by religious clerics, in
addition to their desire for independence, the Hezbollah organization adopted an

The Lebanon And Israel War
Title: The Lebanon and Israel war, 1982 Marry Kaldor marked a difference between old and new
wars in her book. She uses logical reasoning to tell her readers that new wars are quite different
from the old ones. She has given an idea about the new war trends as to how the wars now occur and
how the countries fight them. She is of the view that these wars are totally different from each other
in all respects. Let us here look into the differences that she has marked for us to make us know that
the differences are sharp and true. Why wars happen? Marry Kaldor has established in her book that
both the old and new wars differ in their ends. The old wars were either fought for the land or for
ideology but the new wars are actually fought for the identity. They are fought for the religious,
tribal or ethnic identity. Actors of The Wars: Actors are the individuals, parties or the states that take
active part in some war. They are the players that cause the war. The new wars are totally different
from the old ones because of their actors. Now the wars are not fought just by the state 's armed
forces rather the non state actors, private security contractors or Jihadi are also involved in the
present day wars. Level Of Destruction: In the past, for the lack of advancement and technology the
wars were fought on the smaller scales. The damage that was incurred by the States used to be small
as there was no involvement of massive and destructive weapons. Wars usually used to be

Lebanon Essay
Lebanon
Lebanon, a nation that once proudly called itself the Switzerland of the Middle
East, is today a country in name only. Its government controls little more than half of the nation's
capital, Beirut. Its once–vibrant economy is a shambles.
And its society is fragmented – so fragmented, some believe, that it may be impossible to re–create
a unified state responsive to the needs of all its varied peoples.
Lebanon lies on the eastern shore of the Mediterranea n Sea, in that part of southwestern Asia
known as the Middle East. Because of its location – at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa –
Lebanon has been the center of commerce and trade for thousands of years. It has also been on the
route of numerous conquering armies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lebanon has four distinct geographical regions: a narrow – but fertile – coastal plain; two roughly
parallel mountain ranges that run the full length of the country – the Lebanon, which rises in the
west to an alpine hei ght of 11,000 feet while the eastern range, the anti–Lebanon, is crowned
magestically by the snow–capped Mount Hermon at 9,232 feet. The two chains of mountains shelter
between them a well–cultivated plateau extending seventy miles in length and fifteen miles in width.
This tableland is called the Bekaa. This is a fertile strip of land 110 miles long and six to ten miles
wide. Zahle, the third largest city in the country, is in the valley. The country's two most important
rivers, the Litani and the Orontes, rise in the northern Bekaa near Baalbek, a city that dates to
Roman times. The Litani flows southwest through the Bekaa Valley and then empties into the
Mediterranean Sea north of Tyre. Its waters are used for irrigation, so it becomes a mere tr ickle by
the time it gets to the sea. The
Orontes rises not far from the Litani, but it flows northward between the two mountain ranges,
wending its way into Syria. Beyond the Bekaa and the anti–
Lebanon mountains, the Syrian desert only stretches east f or about 800 miles to the valley of the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This geography has been a determining factor for millenia in keeping
Lebanon turned toward the West.
The landscape cannot be described without mentioning the most celebrated

A Timeline Of The National Anthem
Seven years after the proclamation of the state of Greater Lebanon during the French Mandate, on
July 12th 1927, the Lebanese National Anthem was created. This French mandate helped Lebanon
by acting as a support, until the country could govern on its own. It was written by Rashid Nakhle
and composed by Wadih Sabra. This anthem does not have a specific name; the people usually call it
"‫اللبناني‬ ‫الوطني‬ ‫"النشيد‬, which simply means "Lebanese National Anthem" in Arabic. This research
paper will create a timeline of the history of Lebanon (Western Asia) and explain how the national
anthem is linked to the history of the country. This national anthem is a way for people to identify to
their country and to show that they are proud of it.
Lebanon has a rich history composed of many different important dates. First of all, the first
settlements of this country were found in 5000 BC, in Byblos. Everything starts out in the classical
antiquity by the Phoenician city–states being conquered by Achaemenid Persia under Cyrus the
Great. Alexander the Great, the Macedonian ruler, attacked and burned Tyre during his war against
Persia, after two centuries of Persian rule. In 322 BCE, he conquered what is now the actual
Lebanon and took hold of some of its nearby regions. After the death of the Macedonian ruler, the
empire became part of the Seleucid Empire. In the first century, Galilee introduced Christianity to
the country. From that point on, it became a major center of Christianity.

Political, Social And Economic Conditions Of Lebanon Essay
Country Analysis
In this country analysis report, the current political, social and economic conditions of Lebanon have
been shaped by historical events that will be discussed. The paper will elaborate the historical
factors and events from the last century. As well as the current situation will also be presented in this
paper. The main argument of the paper will focus on the factors from history are impacting the
current situation of Lebanon. Lebanon had a horrific history under the Ottoman rule and from that
time the country and its leadership struggled to give its people the way of life that was offered to
citizens of Turkey and other Western countries. From the eve of World War, I to the current situation
how people have survived and achieved their independence is also discussed in this paper. With the
help of different questions set out for review and their answers, it will be evaluated that through
which strategies the government is trying to reach a next level of development.
On the eve of the First World War the Ottoman Empire in Lebanon was in its last few years. The
Turkish forces allied with Germans and Italians and Lebanon's status that had somewhat autonomy.
The country did not participate nor had any connection with World War I. It was suffering at the
hands of a food crisis that caused a countrywide shortage of food supplies. The country did not have
enough resources to feed its population. The Great Famine 1915–1918 took the life of more than
200,000 people

Hezbollah Research Paper
Terrorism within or against the United States is not a new phenomenon. Our history is well
documented with thousands of attempts and actual acts of terrorism that happened on U.S. soil. The
first act of terrorism can be traced back to 1865 with the assassination of President Lincoln, but the
first and boldest foreign terrorist attack occurred in New York City on February 26, 1993. Over
1,000 people were injured and six were killed when a group of Islamic terrorists detonated a rental
truck equipped with explosives underneath the World Trade Center. The Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI) later discovered that the explosion at the World Trade Center was a dress
rehearsal for the most devastating and deadly terrorist attack to reach our nation, ... Show more
"Hezbollah began its existence with leaders, such as al–Musawi, al–Khalil, and Mughniyah, who
had proven their competence in the crucible of Lebanon's Civil War." With these leaders, they
recruited fighters with an extensive military training background, which proved to be an asset
against the Israeli army. There is said to be tens of thousands of Hezbollah members within their
ranks and could increase up to a hundred thousand or more. Abbas al–Musawi was the senior leader
of Hezbollah before the Israeli's killed him in 1992. Hassan Nasarallah became the next senior
leader of Hezbollah, also known as the Secretary–General; essentially he makes all the decisions for
any political or paramilitary activities. Nasrallah was a student of al–Musawi in a religious seminary
school in Iraq, and he regarded al–Musawi as his mentor. He was a strong supporter of the Israel
resistance and while in school, he organized a group of Shiite's to assist in the invasion of Israel.
Even though Nasrallah has faced criticism from his own people, he has "won broad grassroots
support by cultivating a social welfare network that provided schools, clinics, and housing in the
predominantly Shiite parts of Lebanon." He has proven to be a very intelligent, religious, and
charismatic figure across the Arab nations, and has gained much support and popularity for
Hezbollah's terrorist activities. Underneath Secretary–General Nasrallah is second–in–command,
Naim Qassem, the top political advisor to Nasrallah, Hussein al–Khalil, and now deceased spiritual
leader or chief Mujtahid, Sheikh Muhammed Hussein Fadlallah. "For more than twenty years, Imad
Fayez Mugniyah was considered Hezbollah's top planner of worldwide terrorist operations," but he
was replaced by Mohammed Rida Zahidi in 2008. Finally, the head of security is Wafiq Safa, who
was a founder of Hezbollah and

What Does The Presence Of Different Sectarian Groups (...
How does the presence of three different sectarian groups (Christian, Sunni, Shiite) affect the
political, economic, and social stability of a nation is an interdisciplinary research question because
it seeks to understand the relationship between the economics and its key insights while examining
the political environment can led to conflict and how that conflict was exacerbated by the
involvement of many different cultural sects. Analyzing the case of Lebanon requires an
interdisciplinary approach for several reasons. First, the problem is complex, meaning that there are
several components and each components has a different disciplinary character. Second, important
insights into the problem have been produced by expects from multiple disciplines. Third, no single
disciplinary approach has been able to address this problem comprehensively. Fourth, the case of
Lebanon falls within the research domains of several disciplines. By establishing these links across
disciplinary knowledge domains requires creating common ground and performing integration,
which is a distinct feature of interdisciplinarity. The scope of this study will focus on the nation of
Lebanon with the events unraveling sense the early 1970 's until today. The composition of the
Lebanese society allows us to examine how the presence of Christian, Sunni, and Shiite camps can
lead to social instability with war being the most extreme manifestation of civil strife. Instability in a
nations political

Portrayal Of The Middle East
that I could make love to whenever I wished." The point of this criticism is not to say that men like
that do not exist in the Middle East, but that when so many male characters are portrayed in such a
way it fails to contribute anything greater to the study of the Middle East where parts of its history
has already been tainted by Orientalists and revisionists. Since Al–Shaykh has already boldly
challenged female stereotypes in her novel it would possibly bode well if you managed to contest
some of the male stereotypes as well in an effort to break the mold that the Middle East has been
casted in. The second vantage point through which Al–Shaykh shows the Lebanese Civil War
through is that of a political exile as shown by Uncle Hashem. Since Hashem participated in a failed
coup d'état of the government he has been exiled to an African country and forbidden from
returning. Hashem's role as an exile helps the reader understand how important love of country is to
people in the Middle East who have been exiled or have fled as refugees. Given Hashem's exile
status he needed to find a way to sublimate his profound feelings of love and nostalgia for Lebanon
and found his gateway in Zahra. Since Zahra was born and raised in Lebanon, she was for Hashem a
living memory of everything he had left behind. For Hashem Zahra was not just a symbol of
Lebanon, she was Lebanon. This almost uncontrollable love of Lebanon is what partially forced
Hashem to become so physically attached to

Historical Interview Essay
I interviewed my Mom's friend, Sarah about her three most memorable historical event in her
lifetime. Sarah always loved history and it was her favorite subject in school. She wanted to be a
history teacher, but for personal reasons she couldn't. Now she makes up to it by teaching her
children about what she knows about history. Her stories are really interesting, I always look
forward to hear them. I knew she would be the perfect person to interview and when I asked her
about my history assignment she was more than happy to help. She thought it was a great idea
because history can teach us many important values.
The first event Sarah talked to me about was a true unfortunate event she always heard about
growing up. She knows it happened in Janub, Lebanon but doesn't remember exactly when. An
earthquake happened there that destroyed all of the old buildings which were an important part of
Lebanon's history. Even though the old buildings being gone did make her sad, what saddened her
the most were the lives of so many families that were lost. She always hated that part of history
where so many people unluckily died. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This happened during the Lebanese war in 1982 when Sarah was eighteen at that time. Her whole
family had to take cover in the house's hallway where there were no windows to stay safe. Everyone
was beyond scared and they had to stick close to each other because the hall seemed so small to so
many people trying to survive. All the kids were crying and the parents were trying to comfort them
when suddenly a bomb was dropped next to their neighbors house. They all wanted to help but
couldn't until it was calm again. When they went to check on their neighbors believing they were
dead, they found them alive but injured. She couldn't explain how happy she was at that time. I'm so
proud of her that she is still able to smile today after everything she went

Hezbollah Causes
Hezbollah is a Shia militia in southern Lebanon that aims to destroy Israel in order to help spread
Pan–Islam throughout the Middle East, get the Palestinians that are taking their land out of Lebanon,
and repay the Israelis for their abusive occupation. Hezbollah's actions are inspired by the principles
of Shia islam that make the militiamen willing to die to become a martyr and to better Islam.
Although Hezbollah is in Lebanon, it is largely an extension of Iran, who began funding them after
their Islamic revolution in 1979. Before the Iranian revolution, Hezbollah had only begun to form
but had not yet occupied a large presence in Lebanon. The formation of Hezbollah began with Israel
and King Hussein's joint effort to kick the PLO out ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the battle of Karbala, Hussein and all of his family members were slaughtered, but they died in
honor, and were all known as martyrs. Shia muslims today wish that they could have been on that
battlefield and could have died fighting for Islam. At the ceremony of Ashura that commemorates
the battle of Karbala, men and young boys crack their heads open and parade for hours while
tapping their heads. The immense blood loss causes them to feel an intense and sedated happiness,
with the rapid release of endorphins and serotonin. To Shia muslims, this indicates that hey have
gone to heaven. To them, the intense happiness that they feel as blood flows from their heads marks
God coming down, and them getting to feel what heaven is like. This incredible feeling, along with
the honor of being a martyr, is why the Shia members of Hezbollah are so willing to die for Islam.
With no other options to resort to, many suicide bombings were executed as Shia muslims wanted to
help the cause of Islam–and its pre–destination–and become a martyr, which would give their family
much honor. Also, they will be able to have the intense happiness of heaven that they experience
during Ashura after dying for Islam. These suicide bombings caused the death of hundreds of
Israelis at the expense of only one Hezbollah militiaman, which enabled Hezbollah to

Essay About Dominican Republic
I. Introduction a) Story/ Personal Experience: When I was around 14 years old my uncle went to to
visit Dominican Republic with his Lebanese girlfriend, who was visiting the country for the first
time. When they arrived to my house, I was eating something Dominicans call "kipes", which is a
fried wheat ball with meat inside. When she saw me eating she got closed to me and said "so you
like Lebanese food," and I laughed and said "this is Dominican, and that we have been eating this
since forever." Then she insisted that what I was eating was called Kibbeh and that Dominicans
probably created their own version of this supposedly Lebanese dish. So after arguing wit her and
telling her that all Dominican dishes are influenced by African or Spanish cuisine, she insisted that
the Kibbeh has been part of Lebanon even before Dominican Republic was discovered. a) Overview
of the Topic: To understand how and why Arabic immigrants arrived to the Dominican Republic, we
must analyze Dominican and the history of the Ottoman empire during the 19th century. There were
two main waves of immigration of what today is known as Lebanon and Syria, which at that time
was the Ottoman empire. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though they started other methods to transport their products, this wasn't effective enough, so
the majority of merchants in this area decided to look for job opportunities overseas. All the ones
that arrived to Dominican Republic dedicated to the manufactory and sale of products and organized
a club called "The Syrian Lebanese Palestinian Club" in an effort to keep their identity and costumes
strong from Dominican

Nationalism In Israel
In the passage of canonic book, Torah and the rest of the Bible it is clearly explain that Israel is the
promised land by the Supreme being where the Jewish fated. For all over the time before the Zionist
movement raise, Jews everywhere keeping their eyes remain fixed to the Jerusalem (Rubin, n.d.).
The spirit of nationalism developed in Europe during late nineteen–century. These spirits influence
the Jews returning to Israel and build a state nation through the human organization and action.
Through ups and down Jewish was succeed bring Israel to be a state nation. I am agreeing with the
consciousness of nationalism spirit of Jewish, without this spirit Israel would not be Israel that we
can see today. However, bringing one country to independence was not that easy. Israel facing a lot
of controversy during their independence and was attacked by the neighborhood country after they
announce their independence in Tel Aviv, 1948 (Rubin, n.d.).
According to Rabinovich & Reinharz in Israel in the Middle East book, 1948 is the year where Arab
and Israeli first war begin. During that time, Israel was busy building their pre–country
administration, creating state institution and settling the immigrants come all over the Europe and
the Islamic world. When Israel was busy stabilizing their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The war between Israel and Lebanon ended up with the Lebanon agreement. Despite this, as cited in
Israel in the Middle East book, there are three foreign issues where Israel resolves. First, Israel and
Lebanon war were replacing by the shille community suicide bombing. Second, Lebanon war
succeeds beating Yasir Arafat and PLO. Third, Iran–Iraq war ended up with Iraq victory. Sadam
Hussein who is Iraq president use military to create a border, occupies Kuwait, and threatens Saudi
Arabia. Because of Sadam Hussein military aggression, Persian Gulf War happened in

Israel 's Invasion Of Lebanon
Israel's 1982 invasion into Lebanon brought down the phase of Lebanon's political history, which
started with the 75–56 war. The civil war made a mark of trends that has been rising since 1958.
The civil war of 1975–96 had the Lebanese front against the Lebanese's national movement, which
were a reformist coalition and the Palestinian allies. The heart of the issue in this war was the
change in political circumstances in Lebanon. The political aspect and the economy were run by
French mandates. The government split each section's part of Lebanese seats and service positions.
A Maronite Christian would hold the presidency seat. A Sunni Muslim would hold the premiership
and a Shi'a Muslim would hold the speakership. By diving the positions up to the power families it
gives deep roots to Lebanon's religious groups. The agreement to share the power was formally
called the National Pact in 1943. These transformations disputed the dynamics of power between the
older ruling families and undercut the authority of the state. An uprising in Sunni Muslim social
forces brought an increased labor movement and a deprived Shi'a peasantry, which stood up against
the ruling families.
The Lebanese national movement constituted the new social forces. The goals of this group were
expressed in 1975 to diminish the political monopoly, to destroy the government sections, and to
change the Lebanese state into a democratic one. This program showed the desires of the non
Maronite Christian and

Rapid Growth Of The Real Estate Sector
In the past fourteen years Lebanon have witnessed a rapid growth in the real estate sector, which
raised the prices of the apartments by 560% from the year 2000 till year 2010 which recorded a peak
in the prices in this sector, to stabilize on this prices till recent time. A slight decrease in this prices
was registered in year 2006 because of the Israeli aggression , and in the year 2008 due to "7th of
may" incidence , but after each incidence causes a decrease in prices a remarkable increase is
recorded, not just to the past value but more. This raise of prices , minimizes the opportunity of new
families to buy houses to start a new life in. Even if this families decided to rent a house instead of
owning them, they would not be able to have one with low rent price, since the Syrian crisis force
Syrian people to immigrate towards the Lebanese area. Surely the Syrian people would rent houses
instead of buying ones, since they are expecting to go back to their country in the near future. That
fact raised also the renting prices. The Lebanese government tried to help its people by offering
loans on long term with low interest , also it stimulates the banks to offer citizens such loans by
pumping money towards it with low interests also. But upon observing the arbitrage of the Lebanese
government , and the percentage of defect, we can conclude clearly that a problem will occur in the
near future , either by the stoppage of loans , or by the near collapse of this sector ,

President Ronald Reagan 's Foreign Policy
Reagan's Foreign Policy
Some may say, President Ronald Reagan was defined by his foreign policy. Some may also consider
that he made difficult decisions during his presidency in America. Unfortunately, he also made many
mistakes as a president. Some think that his foreign policy is one of the errors that he made. Even
though he was an important factor in ending the Cold War, people on his foreign policy team ended
up killing American soldiers. Historically, many considered that a person either liked Reagan or they
were against him. Reagan 's stance on foreign policy was for everyone to be at peace through
America's strength.
Ronald Reagan said on March 23, 1983," We maintained peace through strength; weakness only
invites aggression". This quote struck the heart of the people of America. Reagan wanted to"begin
an era of renewal". ("The Reagan Presidency, n.d.") He believed that our nation would be the perfect
example of freedom and a guide of hope for the people who do not have the opportunity to have the
same freedom that we have. Also, Reagan was completely against communism that was spreading
around the world, at the time, and believed that the Soviet Union could not be trustworthy. On
March 3, 1983, in one of his famous speeches, he called the Soviet Union an "evil empire" and also
stated that the Soviets were "the focus of all evil in the modern world." ("Cannon, 2016")
Reagan had a cabinet government that assigned a higher position to the president's secretary of

Lebanon Daily Language Analysis
As an avid football fan, I enjoy watching the super bowl which is a favorite pastime of millions of
Americans. The super bowl is an important piece of culture for our society. Something just as good
as the super bowl is the 30–second commercial that costs about 4 million dollars to air. The super
bowl is one of the biggest platforms for companies to advertise their product and ideas and that is
just what Coca–cola did with their very entertaining and controversial commercial in 2014. Coca–
Cola celebrates multiculturalism in their commercial. The Lebanon Daily News defended Coca–
Cola an iconic American brand for its stance to air a super bowl commercial where 'America the
Beautiful' sung in 8 different languages. The Lebanon Daily News is addressing ... Show more
This appeals to emotion by promoting diversity throughout the country and that person of different
nationalities can feel patriotic. This is a value that the audience can relate too if they are Americans.
The author this in a way to promote that there is diversity in America and many people can relate to.
The rhetorical analysis the author uses predominately throughout the article by exploring how they
feel about the commercial. This strategy creates why the author's argument is even

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Telework
Telework, a new trend in management starting from the 1970's most notably depicting the new
information age where most people felt that teleworkers were definitely out there, has significantly
and progressively increased with no global consensus on how to clearly define and unify both the
criteria and the requirements for a universal telework system. Shockingly, when we studied the
history of work, we discovered that working from home preceded working from the office. In fact,
in the middle ages, the routine was for artisans to work on raw materials from home and then supply
them to traders, buyers, and/ or merchants. It was only when the industrial revolution began that the
workers had to commute to where the factories and the large machinery were functioning. (A ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An employee out of sight might seem to be out of supervision, out of productivity, and out of work.
This shift from the traditional in–office work to the out of sight work seemed to greatly frighten
many managers who felt the urge to change their management styles into a more trusting and
effectively communicative ones. Thus, came the high needto shed the light on both advantages and
disadvantages of telecommuting for both sides of the coin: the employee and employer.
For a relatively new management strategy, there aren't enough research and studies out there to
scientifically prove its efficacy and benefits. The majority of the people have always reported that
they hated their jobs and felt uncreative and increasingly unproductive down the years. Employers
have mainly struggled with constant turnovers and the lack of highly qualified workforce that might
have been bound by geographical constraints in many cases. An investigation into this practice
would help foster some depth into this spectrum in order to generally increase work productivity and

The Long Historical Journey Of Lebanon 's Shia Community
Dr. Haytham Mouzahem a Middle Eastern writer describes the long historical journey of Lebanon 's
Shia community. The Lebanese Shia 's attained global identity in the 1980s, 5 years after Hezbollah
was founded in 1975, with military operations carried out opposing the Israeli occupation in
Lebanon, and the beginning of Hezbollah 's relationship with Syria and the Islamic republic of Iran
ever since. According to some historians and Shia scholars in Lebanon and the west, the actual
occultation of 'Shi 'ism ' in Lebanon was incorporated by 'Abu–Dhar Al Ghaffari ', a companion of
Prophet Muhammad and also the fifth person to accept the religion of Islam. Abu–Dhar moved to
'Jabal Amel ' in the south of Lebanon where he began spreading the religion of Shia Islam where he
later died in 652 AD; and that is why the greater Shia population resides in the southern region of
the country .
Additionally, other historians state that the Shia tribe from Hamadan migrating into Syria and
Lebanon increased the Shia population in the country during the time of the Umayyads reign, again
creating Southern Lebanon a important region for the Shia 's, later spreading into the North. During
the time of the Crusades 85% of Lebanon consisted of Shia Muslims until Ibn Taymiyyah, a
powerful extremist clergy issued a fatwa to kill the Shia 's, after which many died, fled the cities,
converted to the religion of Sunni Islam or Christianity and adopted 'Taqiyyah ', a practice that
meant hiding the

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