History of argumentation and debate

ORIGINS OF
ARGUMENTATION AND
DEBATE
Instructor : Salirick S. Andres
Course : Argumentation and Debate

1. Explain the origins of argumentation and
debate
2. Relate the origins of argumentation and
debate in the Philippine setting
Intended learning outcomes
Argumentation and Debate | Salirick S. Andres | College of Arts
2

How did argumentation and debate began?
3

Ancient Greece
 The “Center of Learning”
in the ancient world.
 The classical age where
civilization of Greece
prospered.
 The Greeks cultivated
the mind while the
Spartans cultivated the
body.
4

Protagoras
 He is the “Father of Debate.”
 He posed themes for his
disciples to argue and
debate.
 He lived in Abdera, Greece.
 He is a Sophist who invented
the Fallacies.
 He furiously debated
Socrates on the proposition,
“All virtue is knowledge and
knowledge is virtue.”
5

Socrates
 The Greatest Ethician
of all times.
 He invented the
“Socratic Method.”
 The “Dialectic
Method” is also
attributed to him.
 His favorite quote is
“Know thyself.”
6

Corax
 He lived in Sicily, Italy.
 He is a debater-
rhetorician.
 He divided the debate
speech into four (4)
parts:
1. Introduction
2. Narration
3. Proof or discussion
4. Conclusion
7

Aristotle
 Greatest of the Greek
philosophers.
 He divided debate
into these parts:
1. Exordium
2. Exposition
3. Proof or discussion
4. Peroration
8

Cicero
 His name is Marcus
Tullus Cicero
 One of Greatest
Roman orator and
debater.
 He defended Milo in a
court case before the
Roman tribunal.
9

St. Thomas Aquinas
 Presented an almost
perfect form of
argumentation contained in
his “Summa theologiae.”
 The summa contained his
defense of the Christian
Catholic doctrine, together
with his “Summa contra
gentiles,” which is an
attack to the enemies of
the church.
10

Greek and Latin
 These two were the
“lingua francae” of
argumentation and
debate.
 Latin replaced the
Greek in the Classical
and Middle Ages.
 Dialectic is the
predominant method of
discussion.
11

Hegelian dialectic
 His name is Georg
Wilhelm Friedrich
Hegel.
 Like St. Thomas, his
dialectic was
characterized by a
series of thesis and
antithesis in order to
have a synthesis or
a new truth.
12

1400’s
13
 The first recorded intercollegiate debate
contest was between Oxford University and
Cambridge University.
 It continued up to the present with monarch’s
patronage and participation.
 It gave birth to the famous OXFORD-
CAMBRIDGE and OXFORD-OREGON
formats of debate.

Cambridge Union Society
 Founded in 1815, the Union is
the oldest continually operating
debating society in the World,
and has developed a worldwide
reputation as a noted symbol of
free speech and open debate.
 The Union has a long and
distinguished history of hosting
leading state and international
political and other figures in its
chamber, from Presidents to
Prime Ministers
and Oscar winners
to Olympic legends.
14

Cambridge Union Society
 Over its history, these have included
the Dalai Lama, President Ronald
Reagan, Professor Germaine Greer,
Prime Ministers Winston
Churchill and Margaret
Thatcher and Clint Eastwood.
 Recent speakers include
academic Richard Dawkins, former
British Prime Minister John Major,
former President of Pakistan Pervez
Musharraf, comedian Dara Ó Briain,
civil rights leader Jesse Jackson,
Olympic legend Lord Coe, violinist
and songwriter Diana Yukawa, and
actor Sir Ian McKellen.
15

Oxford Union Society
 The second oldest and
highly respected
international debate
society.
 It boasts most of
England’s Prime
Ministers and
government officials
worldwide.
 Their motto is “People
who shape our world.”
16

 The Oxford Union has a long history of
hosting international figures and
celebrities.
 Dalai Lama
 former US presidents Richard
Nixon, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan
 US diplomats Henry Kissinger, Madeline
Albright, former CIA director David
Petraeus
 former US Presidential nominees John
McCain, Newt Gingrich, US Secretary of
Defense Caspar Weinberger
 former Australian prime minister John
Howard, former New Zealand prime
minister David Lange, former PLO
leader Yasser Arafat
17

 former Australian prime minister John
Howard, former New Zealand prime
minister David Lange, former PLO
leader Yasser Arafat
 Afghan president Hamid Karzai, Russian
politician and former finance
minister Grigory Yavlinsky
 scientist Albert Einstein, physicist Stephen
Hawking, Classical Pianist Lang Lang
 comedian and writer Stephen Fry,
former US Attorney
General and Senator Robert Kennedy
 actress Judi Dench
 actors Johnny Depp, Pierce
Brosnan, Ewan McGregor, Martin
Sheen, Leslie Nielsen
18

 actor / directors Orson Welles, Clint
Eastwood, Warren Beatty
 radio presenter Scott Mills
 comedians Frankie Howerd and Jim
Bowen
 Malcolm X
 O.J. Simpson
 footballers Diego Maradona, Paul
Gascoigne
 rock star Jon Bon Jovi
 pop stars Michael
Jackson, Shakira, Leehom Wang
 singer and viral video star PSY
19

1892
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 The advent of debating contest in the United States.
 The first intercollegiate contest was held between Harvard
University and Yale University.
 It pitted the Harvard Debating Society and Yale Political
Union, their student debating groups, and other colleges and
universities followed.
 It produced a lot of world leaders including American political
leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy
Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin
D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Al Gore, George W.
Bush and Barack Obama to name a few.

Philippine scenario
21
 Our own “Balagtasan” in honor of Francisco Baltazar, “Bukanegan”
for Pedro Bukaneg, “Crisotan” for Juan Crisostomo-Soto and in
other tongues.
 The “Thomasites” (aboard US warship USS Thomas) introduced the
FFD (Filipinos Forensic Debating).
 FFD follows the Oxford-Oregon Format and was adopted in other
Philippine schools.
 In 1928, the UP Debating Club, composed of four brilliant debaters
toured and competed with 15 colleges and universities and won
without a single defeat.
 The proposition was: “Resolved, That the Philippines be granted
independence.”

1928 UP Debating Club
22
The Team’s group photo
Arrival at University of
Wisconsin

Jacinto C. Borja
 As a high-school junior at Silliman Institute
(now Silliman University), Jacinto C.
Borja was captain of the debating team.
 The following year he won the McIntyre
oratorical contest.
 At the University of the Philippines, he
served as editor of the Philippine
Collegian in 1927-1928, and distinguished
himself by winning the Palma medal in
debating as well as the Quezon medal in
oratory.
 With a strong background in writing and
public speaking, he began practicing as a
lawyer in 1930.
 Much later, in 1965, he served briefly as
ambassador to Japan. He was also
elected governor of his home province,
Bohol.
23

Deogracias Puyat
24
 He captained the 1922 winning
debate team at the Manila High
School while he was a senior.
 He went on to become the president
of the UP Debating Club, a position
he kept for two years.
 At UP he won the Kalaw gold medal
in oratory in 1924 and the Quezon
silver medal in oratory in 1925.
 He was also on the winning debating
team against the University of Sto.
Tomas in 1928.
 A native of Pampanga, Puyat was
admitted to the Philippine Bar in
1929.

Pedro M. Camus
 A gold medalist in his senior year at
the De La Salle, Pedro M.
Camus continued his winning streak
while at UP.
 He received the Palma medal in
debating in 1925 and the Quezon
silver medal in oratory in 1926.
 He represented the college of law at
the UP Student Council in 1927, and
chaired the national civic movement
in 1929.
 Originally from Manila, Camus was
admitted to the Philippine Bar in
1929.
25

Teodoro T. Evangelista
 Known as an eloquent speaker and
gifted writer, Teodoro T.
Evangelista was captain of the team
that defeated the visiting team from
the University of Oregon in 1927.
 Prior to that, after winning the
individual medal in the annual debate
of the Ateneo de Manila in 1924, he
graduated with his liberal arts
degree.
 From Bulacan, he served as editor of
the Ateneo Monthly, a magazine
well-known in high and prep schools
of the United States, as well as in the
Philippines.
26

Carlos P. Romulo
 The Adviser and Trainor of the 1928
UP Debating Club which toured 15
US colleges and universities.
 He was an editor of The Philippines
Herald.
 He was an associate professor in the
English department of UP, which
eventually led him to teach a course
in public speaking and coach the
debate team.
 He wrote in his autobiography:
“Everywhere we went we were royally
entertained and warmly welcomed.
and we won every debate.”
27

Works cited
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 http://positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/2013/7/w
hen-lolos-debating-team-vanquished-america
 Google Images

History of argumentation and debate

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