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1. ADVANCE
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
EDUC 108
Prepared by: Gwendolyn A. Dimaunahan

2. The Exceptional Learner

3. The Exceptional Learner
“An Exceptional Child/Learner is one
who deviates physically, intellectually,
emotionally and socially so markedly
from normal growth and development
that he can not be benefitted from a
regular classroom program and needs
special treatment in school”.
- M.M. Cruichshank (1974)

4. The Exceptional Learner
“An Exceptional Child/Learner is an individual who, because of uniqueness
in sensory, physical, neurological, temperamental or intellectual capacity
and/or in the nature and range of previous experience, requires an
adaptation of the regular school program in order to maximize his or her
functioning level”.
- Hewett and Forness (1984)

5. Nature of Exceptionality
1. Exceptionality refers to uniqueness.
2. Exceptionality is related, in part, to the amount and
quality of previous experiences received in the home.
3. The uniqueness of the exceptional child may be in the
negative or in the positive direction.
4. Exceptionality is more quantitative than qualitative.

6. Nature of Exceptionality
5. Exceptionality has variable meanings in different
social contexts
6. Exceptionality has direction as well as intensity.
7. Exceptionality is also characterized by its
extensity or breadth.

7. Types of Exceptional Children
1. Visually Impaired (Blind and Low Vision)
2. Hearing Impaired (Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing)
3. Learning Disabled
4. Mentally Retarded (Intellectually Challenged)
5. Orthopedically Impaired
6. Speech Handicapped
7. Socially Disadvantaged
8. Emotionally Disturbed
9. Delinquent Children
10. Children with Multiple Handicaps
1. Gifted Children/Talented
Children
2. Creative Children
(-) Negative Exceptionals (+)Positive Exceptionals

8. 1. Visually Impaired (Blind and Low Vision)
(-) Negative Exceptionals
2. Hearing Impaired (Deaf and
Hard-of-Hearing)
3. Learning Disabled
a. Dyslexia – Difficulty in reading
b. Dysgraphia- Difficulty with writing
c. Dyscalculia – Difficulty with Maths
d. Dyspraxia – Difficulty with fine motor skills
e. Dysphasia – Difficulty with language

9. 4. Intellectually Challenged/Intellectually Disabled
5. Orthopedically Impaired
6. Speech Handicapped
a. Voice disorders
b. Articulation and
pronounciation disorders
c. Fluency disorders
d. Muteness (mutism)

10. 7. Socially Disadvantaged
-Orphan, Neglected children, Children of
divorce or step parents
8. Emotionally Disturbed
9. Delinquent Children
10. Children with Multiple
Handicaps

11. - They are naturally endowed with a high
degree of natural ability, intelligence or talent
- They have high cognitive ability, creativity
and superior talent in special areas
- The child with superior intellect in terms of
intelligence quotient, 25 or 130 and generally
fall within the range between 130 and 180,
or above
1. The Gifted children
Positive Exceptionals

12. Characterestics of Gifted Children
 High level of intensity.
 Enjoys learning; rapid learner
 Depth of perception
 Keen sense of observation and
extraordinary memory
 Sophisticated language and thought
process

13. Characterestics of Gifted Children
 Ability to recognize more options
 Dislikes repeating or practicing something
they already know
 Perfectionist
 Perseverance
 Higher level of sensitivity

14. The creative children are those who show
high-performance capability in several
areas such as artistic and creative work,
leadership quality, keen power of
observation, etc.
2. The Creative children

15. Characterestics of Creative children
 They maintain a playful attitude
 They prioritize.
 They monotask.
 They daydream.
 They have open networks.
 They turn adversity into advantage.
 Creative people defy peer pressure.

16. Twice Exceptional Learner
- means that they have
exceptional ability and
disability. They are
gifted but they also
face learning or
developmental
challenges.

17. Twice Exceptional Learner

18. An exceptional child has some special and unusual needs
which can be met only through special education as part and
parcel of the general education. This would involve.
• Specially designed instruction.
• Special curriculum.
• Specific facilities.
• Special services.