Gated Communities Essay

Gated Communities Essay
Introduction: 1.1 Gated communities physical and social description For over the few past decades
the world has witnessed a growing gap between economic classes of a community. This clear
division between rich and poor has led to major discrimination in all sorts of daily life interaction,
from public transportation to housing, education, work and many more. However today a new form
of social and cultural discrimination is being added to the list: the gated high fenced walls
communities. These communities are physically and socially excluded from the public, creating a
barrier within a larger community. Gated communities are an extreme form of housing boundaries,
they are an enclosed residential subdivision, privately operated. Their access ... Show more content
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First off, the lifestyle community includes resort areas for people who are seeking recreational
activities such as golf club, country club, etc. It provides its inhabitant with common amenities and
services. Developers of such projects seek to commodify community (Hillier and McManus, 1994).
The aim of these community is to create a sense of identity and belonging among the neighbors, thus
living a common lifestyle. The second type of gated communities, the prestige communities are
communities usually located in a wealthy and attractive locations, and are for rich and famous
people who want to be socially exclusive and who are looking to portray a specific image of
themselves. According to Blakely and Snyder (1997) there is three main type of prestige
communities and they varies based on the degree of prosperity of its residents. Finally, the third and
last type of gated communities, the Security zone, are a type of settlements that heavily emphasize
on security of its inhabitants by closing streets and restricting public access in order to limit crime
and traffic issues. They are usually located in the inner city
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Syrian Jets Bombed A Marketplace
Syrian jets bombed a marketplace in Douma, Syria, killing more than 100 people in August of 2015
(Robins–Early 5). This was an attack that occurred in the midst of the Syrian civil war, a war
between the government (President Bashar al–Assad), and rebel civilians. The current civil war
revolves around a conflict regarding the balance of power within the country, while an immense
number of innocent civilians are being caught in the center of the violence and instability that the
brutal war is causing. Over 4 million people have left the country as refugees, while some are unable
to escape to horrific violence (Robins–Early 1). Amongst those who are stuck within the country,
children are quitting school to make money to support their families, as their parents die in the midst
of the war. Innocent people– citizens of the region– are being infected by diseases that have been
eradicated for a decade and a half. The Syrian civil war has caused much violence and instability to
increase amongst the citizens of the war–torn country, as seen through the loss of education and
childhood that the children must face, along with the disease epidemics that the entire population
must face.
The war has caused many innocent deaths, including those of children, and those who are still alive
are facing tremendous changes that are affecting their education and childhood. Since its start in
March of 2011, more than 70,000 innocent civilians have lost their lives to the war. According to the

The Significance of Radical Thought and Attitudes in the...
The Significance of Radical Thought and Attitudes in the Civil War Period
The Civil War caused turmoil and upheaval that affected every strand of life in England. It
challenged and upturned the deeply ingrained feudal system with a Monarch as the head of all
moral, spiritual and governmental life, and moved thought and order towards new democratic ideas
and systems of rule. This period saw a new experimentation in ideas and attitudes among the
population, which was not welcomed by many. As Christopher Hill writes "What was new in the 17
centaury was the idea that the world might be permanently turned upside down". In the wake of
Charles's regicide there was a "popular mid–seventeenth–centaury ... Show more content on
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As. Michel Lynch states: "It was the great issue that defined settlement", or peace in this case. One
group challenging this were the "True Levellers" mockingly known as "Diggers:" With beliefs in
equality, community and "true religion for all" they argued that land was "a common treasury" and
lived in communes detached from society. The most famous commune was on St George's Hill,
where common land was taken over by a group numbering around 50 led by Winstanly. Their ideas
derived and supported from the Bible were radical in that they directly threatened the gentry and the
landowners. As Michel Lynch states they ". were regarded as an intolerable affront to established
rights of property referring to a lifestyle of "sexual promiscuity, heavy drinking and frequent
blaspheming", usurping land laws and ownership. Reactions and accusations followed that they
were "Drunk on the Bible", thus dramatising many aspects of Digger practice. Just how seriously
they challenged established order was evident in violent clashes that culminated in their removal
under Cromwell's orders Lynch further poses an interesting idea that "In an exact sense they were
communists". He is suggesting that here may lie the original seeds that led to later Communism.
That the first statue of Winstanly was erected in Russia after Lenin's consolidation of power shows
the extent of their influence in later history and

How Did Stephen Crane Fight In The Red Badge Of Courage
During the novel The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane, Henry fights alongside his
comrades in the first battle that he had participated in, yet he flees in the second one he participates
in. What caused him to react this way? His reasons for his actions are quite cowardly and
dishonorable but justified nonetheless. "Here they come, here they come!" yelled one of the soldiers.
The first battle started when Henry shot the first shot. He works the crowd like the soldier he is,
feeling like beast, shooting his rifle, shot after shot after shot. He is confident and strong. He is a
part of this regiment and together they push forward, they "helt 'em back". In the second battle, from
his point of view, it seemed as though

Disadvantages Of Refugees
Refugees are not benefit to host nations
Refugees have been an issue for the international community as they have fled to many countries
around the world, such as Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan (Almontaser & Baumann, 2017). The
definition of refugees is people who are forced to leave their home country because of war race,
religion, nationality political or persecution (Beumar, 2009). In particular, after the civil war in Syria
the number of refugees is rising rapidly; more than 4.8 million Syrians fled to abroad since 2011
(UNHCR, 2016 cited in Almontaser & Baumann, 2017). For host nations, the influx of refugees has
caused some negative effect on security and economy. Some people claim that refugees are not a
major reason of security problems and refugees can bring labour forces to the host nation and
increase government tax revenue. Although many people argue that refugees have several benefits to
host nations, refugees continue to have negative effects on host nations including the increase of
security problems and government spending.
To begin with, one major disadvantage of refugees for host nations is that some security problems
increase, including crime rate and civil conflict. Firstly, the influx of refugees can lead to many
violent incidents that result in the increase of the crime rates in the host countries. According to
Milton, Spencer and Findley (2013), some refugees are more likely to express themselves in the
form of violence because they have experienced war

Rebel Engagement Examples
Alternative Available Sources of Funding and Support Determine Rebel Engagement Understanding
the relationship between state and society pre–conflict crucial in determining how rebel groups
decide on their level of engagement with civilians. If the RCD and M23 act as "quasi–state(s)" in
somewhere like the eastern Congo, we must again look at the relationship between state and society
before the conflict began. Young (2004) notes that the Congolese state during the colonial period
had a strategy on revenue accumulation based around the manipulation of elites rather than a all–
encompassing integration of the population into state institutions. This strategy expedited the
extraction of mineral and natural resources, while opposing figures were ... Show more content on
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Keller (1997) discusses how internal civil wars rely on military support and arms from across
borders. Analysts have long highlighted the relevance of "transboundary formations" that "link
global regional, national, and local forces through structures, networks, and discourses that have
wide–ranging impact, both benign and malign" (Callaghy, Kassimir & Latham 2001: 5). Non–state
actors are able to consolidate their power through their interactions with the international and
regional community (Bayart 1993). Mampilly (2011) argues that it is crucial to consider the impact
of transnational actors on the behavior of rebel groups as it relates to civilian governance. These
relations can bolster non–state actors, including armed groups (Guyer 1994; Ferguson & Gupta
2002). Zahar even argues that because insurgents view themselves as "independent political
entities," they "work to legitimize themselves by interacting with transnational actors" (2001: 60).
Mampilly comments that transnational actors support rebel groups by providing them with resources
that influence their ability and will to deal with civilian governance (2011: 89). Rebel groups
incorporate these transnational actors into their governance systems in order to supplant or
supplement their dependence on civilian support, and therefore, their own capacity to provide
civilians with goods. And so in general, it is feasible to assume that help drawn from other states
will have a damaging effect on civilian governance

Dalai Lama Research Paper
The conflict between different countries or different ethnic groups within a country causes war.
Many populations want this radical movement to stop. Civilians are affected by the outbreak of wars
and it influences the way the country or population can recover with most individuals not having a
safe or secure future. Former Chief of the Australian Defence Force, General Peter Cosgrove states
"Populations caught up in war naturally want it to stop, they want to live in peace, governed by
themselves, safe, secure and with the prospects of a better future." A population, that is considered a
peaceful segregation, went under a religious and political dispute in the 1930's was the Tibetan
Buddhists. The Republican of China decided that the neighboring country needed to be under
communist law. "Tibet today is one of the most repressed and closed societies in the world." –
Senator Robert Menendez, Chair of US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 2012 , China left
Tibet in the accomplishment of hundreds and thousands of Tibetans dead, also imprisoning and
torturing thousands more. The XIV Dalai Lama fled Tibet to India to carry on the Buddhist
traditional followings and teachings to his adherents.
Many Buddhists who live around the world see the Dalai Lama as the central part of any peace
building in Tibet. The Dalai ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its has similar beliefs as Mahayana with the belief of Bodhisattvas. They focus on the supernatural,
magic and tantric of peace. It is practised in Tibet and Nepal; it adopts local religious beliefs and
customs. Enlightenment is a strong belief as is it guided by Gurus (a persons who have achieved
high levels of meditation and understanding) Oxford Studies of Religion (2009). The paths traveled
through enlightenment is conscientious and uses three means mudras incorporating bodily postures,
mantras the spiritual sounds and mandalas of spiritual maps of the various regions of the

Liam O 'Faherty's The Sniper'
"The Sniper" In 1919, the Irish Civil War had begun, and it had all started because the Irish wanted
to separate from Britain. The two sides during the war, were The IRA and The Free Staters. In "The
Sniper" Liam O'Flaherty uses scenes of violence to illustrate the theme: "War divides brothers". Use
of conflict. "Suddenly from the opposite roof a shot rang out and the sniper dropped his rifle with a
curse". (O'Flaherty 1) This shows that the IRA Sniper was willing to reveal himself, just for a
chance to smoke. "The lust of battle had died in him. He had become bitten with remorse".(2) This
shows that he was killing people for his job, but when he shot the enemy sniper, he wondered if he
knew him. And he suddenly felt guilt and regret.

Analyzing O 'Flaherty's Short Story The Sniper'
Inside a Sniper's mind
Most people agree that a soldier is still a human when at war. O'Flaherty, however, may say that war
turns humans into soldiers that kill without remorse until they have realized they just took human
lives. Furthermore, O'Flaherty depicts said soldiers as having little regard for human beings. Using
irony and foreshadowing in his short story "The Sniper" O'Flaherty shows that war turns a person
into an unpredictable soldier that views people as objects.
O'Flaherty uses dramatic irony of a sniper unknowingly killing his brother to show that war makes
one a heartless killer, which emphasizes the effect that war can have on a person. After an intense
sniper duel, the sniper sprinted with adrenaline flowing through his veins, right before checking the
body: "wondered did he know him" and "Perhaps he had been in his own company before the split
in the army" (O'Flaherty ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dublin's setting at this time was "enveloped in darkness but for the dim light of the moon that shone
through fleecy clouds." The moonlight shining though indicates that at times there is only a little
light and other times there is complete darkness. Based on this twilight, the reader can infer that
something may happen during this time. O'Flaherty adds that even though the sniper should not
ignite a cigarette due to the risk, he "places a cigarette between his lips .... And puts out the light".
The quote tells us that the sniper is inclined to do erratic actions that put him in dangerous positions.
According to how the sniper acts during hazardous situations. As a result, the reader can then deduce
that the sniper will be in more precarious circumstances because of his recklessness. Most people
would never ignite a cigarette during a war because of its risk, but the sniper still does to depict war
like a game of chess,

Examples Of Suspense In The Sniper
The story the sniper is a suspenseful short story written by Liam O'Flaherty. The story is about a
republican sniper that has the face of a scholar that is involved in the Irish civil war. The story the
sniper uses suspenseful phrases such as hurriedly, immediately, suddenly, and slowly to describe the
pace of the story. The thesis of The Sniper is that the story uses timing to create suspense. The story
the sniper uses back to back action to create suspense. One example of this in the story the sniper is
when an armoured car appeared along with an informant, which the sniper kills. Right after this the
sniper gets shot by an enemy sniper across the road. This makes the story suspenseful because the
events are happening rapidly which shows how often danger was evident. "The sniper raised his
rifle and fired. The head fell heavily on the turret wall. The woman darted toward the side street.
The sniper fired again. The women whirled round and fell with a shriek into the gutter ( Liam O'
Flaherty 1)." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example is when the sniper kills his opponent, right after this event the story spends three
paragraphs talking about his remorse and his curiosity of who the enemy sniper was. This is
suspenseful because it stops the action of a long chain of events. Another example of the sniper
using slow pace for suspense is right after the sniper gets shot. This is suspenseful because the story
is running at a fast pace until he gets shot and hides behind the roof. This makes the story
suspenseful because it makes the reader wonder when the next event will

Hezbollah Causes
Hezbollah is a Shia militia in southern Lebanon that aims to destroy Israel in order to help spread
Pan–Islam throughout the Middle East, get the Palestinians that are taking their land out of Lebanon,
and repay the Israelis for their abusive occupation. Hezbollah's actions are inspired by the principles
of Shia islam that make the militiamen willing to die to become a martyr and to better Islam.
Although Hezbollah is in Lebanon, it is largely an extension of Iran, who began funding them after
their Islamic revolution in 1979. Before the Iranian revolution, Hezbollah had only begun to form
but had not yet occupied a large presence in Lebanon. The formation of Hezbollah began with Israel
and King Hussein's joint effort to kick the PLO out ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the battle of Karbala, Hussein and all of his family members were slaughtered, but they died in
honor, and were all known as martyrs. Shia muslims today wish that they could have been on that
battlefield and could have died fighting for Islam. At the ceremony of Ashura that commemorates
the battle of Karbala, men and young boys crack their heads open and parade for hours while
tapping their heads. The immense blood loss causes them to feel an intense and sedated happiness,
with the rapid release of endorphins and serotonin. To Shia muslims, this indicates that hey have
gone to heaven. To them, the intense happiness that they feel as blood flows from their heads marks
God coming down, and them getting to feel what heaven is like. This incredible feeling, along with
the honor of being a martyr, is why the Shia members of Hezbollah are so willing to die for Islam.
With no other options to resort to, many suicide bombings were executed as Shia muslims wanted to
help the cause of Islam–and its pre–destination–and become a martyr, which would give their family
much honor. Also, they will be able to have the intense happiness of heaven that they experience
during Ashura after dying for Islam. These suicide bombings caused the death of hundreds of
Israelis at the expense of only one Hezbollah militiaman, which enabled Hezbollah to

The Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane
Traditions of War: The Red Badge of Courage as Satire
Stephen Crane once said "Let a thing become a tradition, and it becomes half a lie" (Maggie, A Girl
of the Streets 230). This sentiment proves true in how he describes the tradition of heroism in his
novel The Red Badge of Courage. While Crane writes what is considered to be one of the most
important novels about the Civil War, his views on the war and the heroics of those fighting the war
are mostly critical. Like Ernest Hemingway, Crane writes a story that shows that those fighting "will
die like a dog and for no good reason." At times his novel seems to satirize the traditional view of
war making men more manly or brave. In addition to discussing the traditions ... Show more content
Crane "applies the hardships of urban life, which he has witnessed firsthand, to those of the soldier's
life that he can only imagine" (Bolton 33). When using urban and factory images to describe the
war, Crane writes frequently about the machine of the military. Battle is referred to as being "like the
grinding of an immense and terrible machine," whose job it is to "produce corpses" (75). The book
is filled with similar sentiments. When thinking of the enemy, Henry imagines them as "machines of
steel" and claims that the men have "torn bodies" which "expressed the awful machinery in which
the men had been entangled" (Crane 60; 78). These images help to create a military that many could
see as mechanical and not necessarily humane or interested in the lives and souls of its members
which could also describe how many factory owners felt about their employees.
Another aspect of the army being more industrialized is that the individual soldier is not celebrated
and the army is a group that does not encourage individuality. Crane warns about the risks of the
group when he says in another story, "Every sin is a result of collaboration" ("The Blue Hotel").
This quote shows that because of the group dynamic, tragic events (or sins) occur that may not have
resulted from an individual acting alone. In this text, Henry loses his individuality which takes

Essay Comparing The Red Badge Of Courage And The Locket
The novels The Red Badge of Courage and The Locket are a very significant piece of readings. The
books tell a historic event by giving highly descriptive details and activities that would put you in a
place of where it is being held. The two readings have numerous of similarities of settings and
themes. Throughout the readings, they use symbolism to help convey the meaning of the text.
However, they do have some differences which make these two storybooks great, understanding,
and easy to distinguish.
There are varieties of similarities of setting in the novels. First, they both begin in an unknown battle
in the Civil War during the 1860s. But then the concept of nature is being used second to describe
the settings that were taking place. The Red Badge of Courage setting in nature is peaceful, but later
on the setting turns into a disturbing way of the earth. The Locke's setting characterizes nature in the
beginning of the men gathered around during the war and the second setting is how the characters
are traveling through the beautiful season of spring. In this image, it gets the readers' attention and
understanding to get the warmth and feelings of the outside without physically being there.
The symbolism of Nature is used strongly throughout both storybooks. They comparison of Nature
is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first part is a "flashback" which shows how the war went on. It gives us a brief introduction of
the locket and how it was taken away from one of the characters in the story. The second part is fast
forward into the life back at home of the character's lover. it demonstrates how life is at home when
someone is downhearted or other feelings that might occur at home. These two parts are essential
because the readers can get a understanding of both sides of the story which is in the war and back
home. However, it makes the readers get a better knowledge of how and what the characters were

Ethnic And Religious Division Of The Lebanese Civil War
In this day and age, we find ourselves at odds with our "identity" as we find that not only are we
representing ourselves, but we also have ties to religion, sect, tribe, and family (Angrist). This shows
that despite the cohesiveness and threads that attach us, it has the power to pull people, families, and
in some cases countries apart. This conflict comes to a head when religion and ethnicity are
interwoven. Hence when divisions occur, this can lead to violent wars that destroy trust between
individuals. This can ingrain a sense of uneasiness and distrust that plagues people's ideas and leaves
a country divided. This is particularly evident in Lebanon. Ethnic and religious division led to the
festering of feelings of marginalization and discrimination, which boiled over into the Lebanese
civil war, a war that claimed the lives of 150,000 people (Szekely). The anger and frustration birthed
from this to chaos, and conflict has in turn increased the division between ethnic and religious
factions and led to the crumbling of Lebanese nationalism. This essay is specifically aimed at
assessing the relationships between ethnic and religious divisions in Lebanon and explores how it
contributed to the civil war. This is done by identifying and analyzing the main actors and makes an
explanation of the historical divisions stemming from the National Pact, branching out to include the
consequences of the civil war on the political structures and the identities of the

How Is Henry Fleming A Hero
In the first battle, Henry Fleming can be depicted as a brave yet naïve warrior. His exposure to the
true horrors of war altered his outlook. Observing his reactions to the second battle in "The Red
Badge of Courage" by Stephen Crane, one can easily determine his mind set was the direct opposite.
Initially, Henry had enlisted because he wanted to be viewed as a hero and to appear fearless. Crane
exemplifies this through his quote "He arose and began to pace to and fro excitedly. The thrill of his
enthusiasm made him walk with an elastic step. He was sprightly, vigorous, fiery in his belief in
success. He looked into the future with clear, proud eye, and he swore with the air of an old soldier."
In the second battle, Fleming

History Of World War I: The First Modern War
Some may think war Is dumber and pointless but war shapes our world whether people want to
admit it or not. But I know that war drastically affects the economy of all nations which is one
reason I like history. Mainly the history about war. I remember a show I watched about World War 1
that called it the first modern war. Which it brought up several good points like how it was the first
war to have airship raids, chemical warfare, submarines, and my favorite ..... tanks. While WWI was
tragic it did sow the seeds for how we fight to day. It was in World War 2 where the modern day
tactics evolved. Just like in World War 1 tanks where used alongside infantry but now they had
turrets and better mobility along with better armor since it was

Essay On American Sniper
American Sniper is based on a book written by Chris Kyle that is a memoir, he talks about what had
happen while he was stationed in Iraq, the people he lost, the things he had to go through. Chris
Kyle, in the movie it begins with him and his little brother, we see that his father is the abusive type
and Chris has always been one to measure up to his father's likings. When Chris's job of a rodeo
clown doesn't work he sees how america keeps having things happen so he decides to join the U.S
Navy Seals. He meets his wife, and she sees how slowly but surely Chris starts losing himself in this
job he says he does for her and everyone to be free. He sees terrible things happen while he's there,
he shoots woman, kids, all to save his men when in the end he loses a lot of men that are his friends.
He was so well known as a great sniper that the men in Iraq put a bounty on him and would identify
him with his tattoos. He has two kids back at home that he rarely sees while he is making records in
the military. After his last nine months, he decides he is done and wants to come back home. When
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But, the sound effects just like everything else with the movie was amazing. The shooting of the
guns were so loud it was hurting my ears, the sound of the dust storm at the end was making me
think that was really what a dust storm sounded like. The fighting in the movie, the crying of his
daughter after she was born, the sound of the drill really got to me when a man named "The
Butcher" was threatening a family for speaking to the military he turns the drill on and all you hear
is the drill, it was so distinct. It wasn't very loud but I felt all I could hear was that drill. As he
plunges it into the kids brain and leg I swore the sound got deeper and quieter but still was the one
thing I could hear over

Bravery In The Red Badge Of Courage By Stephan Crane
Henry, the main character from, "The Red Badge of Courage" by Stephan Crane, showed many
different emotions and reactions to battle. The essay will show how nature and human life are
similar. In the same sense that the emotions that Henry portrayed fear and bravery in numerous
occasions throughout the story; in the end his youthfulness got the best of him. In the first battle
Henry stayed with his unit. However, in the second battle, he ran away from the battle. From these
two extremely different reactions, it can be determined that Henry was going through internal battles
as well as external battles. In the first battle, Henry is shown as young and naive. He really did not
understand what was about to happen around him. While he was scared at first, when the enemy
started getting closer, he forgot about being scared and just started shooting. Part 2 of chapter 5
states that "He suddenly lost concern for himself, and forgot to look at a menacing fate." Henry saw
many soldiers die during this first battle. As things kept going, his emotions changed from scared, to
excited, to angry, to sad, and then to surprised. He was amazed at everything that had happened
during the first battle. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He seemed to be feeling pretty good about his accomplishments in the first battle. However, he was
not expecting the second battle so soon. When he saw his comrades starting to run, he lost sight of
his mission. He started to feel scared all over again. Part 3 of chapter 6 says that "He ran like a blind
man." It also states that Henry "Thought that all the regiment was fleeing." In both quotes, Henry
was facing those fears and trying to show bravery as mentioned before as the them of the story. He
honestly thought that he had done the right thing. But then he found out that his side had actually
held off the

Israel 's Invasion Of Lebanon
Israel's 1982 invasion into Lebanon brought down the phase of Lebanon's political history, which
started with the 75–56 war. The civil war made a mark of trends that has been rising since 1958.
The civil war of 1975–96 had the Lebanese front against the Lebanese's national movement, which
were a reformist coalition and the Palestinian allies. The heart of the issue in this war was the
change in political circumstances in Lebanon. The political aspect and the economy were run by
French mandates. The government split each section's part of Lebanese seats and service positions.
A Maronite Christian would hold the presidency seat. A Sunni Muslim would hold the premiership
and a Shi'a Muslim would hold the speakership. By diving the positions up to the power families it
gives deep roots to Lebanon's religious groups. The agreement to share the power was formally
called the National Pact in 1943. These transformations disputed the dynamics of power between the
older ruling families and undercut the authority of the state. An uprising in Sunni Muslim social
forces brought an increased labor movement and a deprived Shi'a peasantry, which stood up against
the ruling families.
The Lebanese national movement constituted the new social forces. The goals of this group were
expressed in 1975 to diminish the political monopoly, to destroy the government sections, and to
change the Lebanese state into a democratic one. This program showed the desires of the non
Maronite Christian and

Women's Role In The Civil War
Women in the Civil War
During the course of the Civil War it became a woman's job to take over a man's jobs. Men were at
war so it was necessary for their positions, or occupations in the workforce to be filled rapidly. Jobs
such as teaching (1), nursing (1), and running a business (4) were converted to be women's jobs. The
term schoolmistress became more common than school master (1). In the beginning it was
¨unrespectable¨ for women to enter a hospital, but now that their work was needed more than ever,
women filled the positions despite what society thought (1). Women also began to work in factories
making supplies, such as guns and ammunition, for battle (1). Some women became suppliers, and
they would distribute supplies on the battlefield (4). One women, named Vivandiére, was a
uniformed female mascot who completed chores in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of women's jobs were volunteer, but some, who expected to be paid, were paid as little as
seven dollars a day (1). Some women stayed home to keep up with daily chores and their children,
as completing their natural job, motherhood (5). Many wives and mothers had to make due with
what was given to them, as they had very little (1). Many women used ¨home remedies¨ instead of
proper treatment and care, since they had to little money and supplies (1). Women made powerful
motions through the hostility and did undercover work in the war as spies (2). A couple hundred
women even sneakily became warriors. Women disguised themselves like men, so they could fight
for their side like Mulan in the Disney movie, Mulan (2). Women were sneaky enough to get
uniforms, so they could fight and fought just as hard as the men (3). Many women were found dead
in the lines after keeping themselves hidden for several years at a

The Relations Between Syria And Lebanon
The post 9/11 world has bought about huge changes throughout the Middle East and many countries
are experiencing challenges unprecedented since the end of the Second World War. United States
foreign policy, the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, and the geopolitical struggle between Iran and
Saudi Arabia throughout the Middle East has made the region politically unstable and ripe with
conflict and human suffering. This dire situation is a great example of how interconnected the
relationships of Middle Eastern countries are and how these relations often disseminate out and
affect the region as a whole. As such, an analysis of the bilateral relations between two Middle
Eastern countries allows us to partly understand how, when given historical context, this situation
came to be and what factors influence these relationships.
The bilateral relationship between Syria and Lebanon provides a great and unique analysis of the
factors that influence relationships between Middle Eastern states because of their shared but
complicated history. Both these countries used to be one in the same up until the early twentieth
century and their relations have gone through various evolutionary stages that have had a greater
political impact on the region altogether. In this paper I will examine the relationship between Syria
and Lebanon and seek to explain the key factors that influence this relationship.
The current relationship between Syria and Lebanon has largely been defined by the civil war

Going To The Movies: American Sniper
"American Sniper"
Going to the movies is a great way of spending quality time with your friends and family. People
spend a great number of money on the movies. The film "American Sniper," directed by Clint
Eastwood is a tremendous movie and was released December 25, 2014. This film stars many
talented actors such as, Bradley Cooper and Sienna Miller. It tells a story about a United States
Navy Seal on his first tour of duty in Iraq. The movie went on to break box office records it differs
from the 2012 best seller. It is a story line for a Navy SEAL that has been named the american
sniper. That is on a mission to kill a enemy that he describes as a savage. Chris Kyle the sniper has
the most recorded kills as an american sniper. He was the best the Navy SEALs have ever had. The
movie has mostly positive reviews it is a great movie. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"He has the most confirmed sniper kills in American military history; he was nicknamed "the
Legend" by his SEAL teammates."(par 4) He stated that "he refers to the enemy as "savages" and
describes the "despicable evil" he encountered in Iraq." (par 6) Most of the other folks would agree
that Chris Kyle is "the legend". As one critic stated "what you're getting is a glimpse of a man at a
particular moment in time." (par 7) With all the statement that have been stated would make it hard
not to believe that Chris Kyle is a hero. Chris Kyle had some much training he had to go through.
One critic stated "he had been at war or training for a war for a decade. In places, he sounds
downright nasty, but that's what we created. This is what these people have to be."(par 7) That
statement is a way of saying any Navy SEAL is a tough

Gender Roles In Post-Civil War
In some cases, women have come together to facilitate cooperation across ethnic divisions, as
gender cuts across social cleavages. Women can use their "gendered identities and social
experiences" where political, ethnic or religious identities are at the root of conflict (Anderlini 2007,
126). Women have formed cross–party caucuses around common issues and interests that
specifically tend to affect women (Anderlini 2007). An example of this is seen in Rwanda in the
formation of the Forum of Women Parliamentarians who "unite as women, irrespective of political
parties" and cogitate "the challenges that surround [them] as women" (140). In order to ensure
gender equality, these women review laws and offer amendments to discriminatory statutes ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2008). To measure the level of economic development in this study I use GDP growth. This
demonstrates economic development in a state on a year–to–year basis. This variable is referred to
as GDP growth.
Next, I control for several factors that also influence the recurrence of war in a post–conflict society.
First, the duration of previous civil wars affects the probability of winning and the amount of time
actors must fight to achieve victory should they choose to resume fighting. Previous war duration in
years is used to control for this.
I also control for a country's regime type using the Polity 2 measure from the Polity IV dataset.
These data range from –10 to 10, with –10 being the least democratic and 10 being the most
democratic. I use these to create a dichotomous variable, which equals 1 if a country's polity score is
equal to or greater than 6 and 0 otherwise. This is done in an attempt to consider whether or not the
level of democracy is significant to the attainment of gender equality. This variable is referred to as

Non State Networks That Emerge During War
Non–state networks that emerge during war are largely informed by the country's peacetime
dynamics, adjusting to opportunities and challenges in a less 'secure' environment. Are they
inherently predatory, undermining the state and stripping its assets or can they be foundations from
which a strong civil society can be built upon as, ostensibly, relative stability returns? Different
actors in a conflict have different tools at their disposal and thus divergent mechanisms for
harnessing power. Picard (2000) categorises four organizational networks that emerged during
Lebanon's fifteen– year civil war: ideological and welfare–based entities; loosely controlled armed
groups; autonomous principalities; and corporatist structures. It goes without saying that these
categories are not rigid and can exhibit overlapping characteristics. Their separation however serves
a useful analytical purpose and reveals the diversity in the means devised, to both maintain local
legitimacy and maintain a steady revenue stream, devised by those who take part in war making.
Loosely Controlled Armed Groups
The Lebanese Shi'ite militia, Amal was composed of a variety of local self–defence groups
controlling small territories such as villages or individual streets in the southern suburbs of Beirut as
well as in southern Lebanon during the country's civil war. The movement was established by
Iranian–born cleric Musa al–Sadr to mobilize the largely marginalized Shi'ite population,
developing an armed

Civil War Failure
There are different factors that cause the state to collapse. This section will explain the different
factors. These factors may affect the longitude and strength of the violence. This paper argues that
despite the factors impacting the civil war the policies applied to solve the conflict highly depend on
the control of the state on the lands within the country as well as the differences between the
different groups.
Lack of Public Services: the lack of public services is the primary factor of the collapse of states. In
Columbia, for instance, there is a weak government that is absent from vast parts of the country,
which makes people left without public goods like education and health. In Somalia, if there is a
government at all, people are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In North Korea, all the production means are held by the government and are barely used. The lack
of property rights causes a lack in investment because people cannot invest as they cannot acquire
the means of production or to claim property on them. The absence of the property rights is one of
the main factors that cause states to collapse due to its impact on the economic situation of country
and it causes inequalities and

Essay about International Relations: Beirut, Lebano and...
"Beirut wasn't sensible and it never did serve a purpose. It was goofy from the beginning." (Gen.
Colin Powell) That quote summarizes the United States time spent in beirut, Lebanon. Lebanon was
not a country of prevailation at the time of the United States arrival. The entire country was ruled by
regional militias and was overrun by its public. America, France, and Britain all arrived to help
Lebanese government take control of their own country again. All of these 3 world superpowers
were there after the PLO pulled out of Lebanon, and these superpowers were known as an alliance
called Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF). Lebanon was not a country of relief but a country of
stress and despair. This country needed help and it was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the information of that informative statement, MNF had also detected that Syrian government
was suspected. (CNN Library) Why would Siberia be involved? Siberia was involved after Ronald
Reagan pledging and lying about ordering withdrawal of all U.S. troops from Lebanon. After that,
upon request of Lebanon, Reagan was offered to go back to Lebanon because Lebanon had wanted
authorization for the MNF to help regain control of Lebanon. The UN had authorized Reagan to
deploy 1800, because Reagan had seen it as a limited time mission. (Micah Zenko) We're still
wondering, what made Reagan redeploy marines into Lebanon? Well, what brought them back was
the assassination of Lebanese President Bachir Gemayel, the massacre of refugees, and regional
chaos. So, we still ask, what was our reasons of a long stay in Lebanon? This is all answered simply
by the fact that America has a dominant, big daddy, eyes on ego ever since we were colonized. This
ego has led to many successes and very few failures. sadly, this attack being a failure. There were
claims on U.S. Marine officers claiming that they did not take proper steps to protect the barracks
against terrorists attacks. (CNN Library) Obviously, since that tragic attack, as an international
network with advancements in technology, we have have changed pour security and improved it
with the privileges of having such high tech hardware and software to keep not only

Civil War And A Revolution
According to the UN, the death toll in Syria almost reached two hundred thousand over the last three
and a half years, and the number of displaced Syrians reached 9.5 million. Because of the
complexity of the situation, a lot of people don't even know exactly what is happening over there.
The first thing that might pop into one's mind is that a civil war is going on there. On the other hand,
others argue that it is a revolution against oppression that has been brutally responded to. Evaluating
the situation in Syria requires solid understanding of specific terms of a civil war and a revolution.
Also, is there a general consensus on what a civil war or a revolution is? Can the situation in Syria
simply be classified into one of these two?
The first important thing to know is that there is no single definition of a civil war that historians or
political scientists have agreed upon. However, a commonly used definition to judge a situation is
that of the correlate of war project, which explains a civil war as a sustained military combat,
primarily internal, resulting in at least 1,000 battle–deaths per year, in which government forces are
in conflict with a revolting force capable of effective resistance, determined by the latter 's ability to
inflict upon the government forces at least 5% of the fatalities that the insurgents sustain. Under this
classification, there have been 53 civil wars from 1946 to 1992 (Civil War in the Post–Colonial
World 1946–92). Other Definitions are

Alma Monologue
Currently I find myself on the planet Almas. It is here that Akial was last spotted. He was teacher at
the Jedi academy. Where he most likely lived a leisurely lifestyle. However, after the Republic was
brought down, my dear father was pushed to live a life on the run. I first found out about his status
as a teacher here on Almas from a couple of wandering tradesmen while I was still enslaved by the
Hutts. From the moment the moment the two supposed tradesmen stepped into Oyell the Hutts hall,
I knew that both were not accustomed to the roles they were now playing. The one that talked the
most was the Chiss, kinda of an arrogant species if you ask me. The other was considerably younger
and he was of the human race. They certainly did not carry ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The items Oyell was interested in was the Aquata Breathers, the couple wobble balls and an
Imagecaster. All items that are often utilized by the forbidden Jedi. Oyell listened to their limp
nagotions before acting on his suspicion that they were actually Jedi trying their hand at a new trade.
The fight that ensued was quick, but devastating. We lost seven hired guns, while the arrogant Chiss
man was shot through the back of the head by a blaster pistol, he was still swinging his lightsaber
when blast hit. He fell otop his lightsaber that was still aglow, chopping his body in half from hip to
shoulder. Shortly after the falling of the Chiss man the human dropped his weapon and surrendered.
The human was imprisoned with us for over three months according to the Galactic Standard
Calendar. I was put in charge of watching over the human, and to report anything he told me. In this
time I learned much of the Jedi and their ways. At one point he remarked how he sensed the force
was strong in me, but there was also much conflict. I told him he was stupid as an old Gran and if he
kept talking such

The Effects Of Climate Change On Africa 's Security...
The Lacuna in the Climate–Conflict Literature
The extant literature shows two trends. First, a few large–N studies which showed strong
correlations between climate and conflict used civil war datasets as the measure of the outcome
variable. The use of an aggregated country level civil war data may be missing the most important
features of the accuracy, degree, and severity of the impact of climate change on Africa's security
environment. The use of civil war and political violence datasets to capture the impact of climate
change may produce misleading outcomes. Unlike civil conflict and political violence, climate–
related conflicts may be mirroring the ebb and flow of climatic conditions. Different from civil wars
and political violence, climate–related conflicts may become intense during the drier months and
recede during the rainy or wet months of the year. Using aggregated country–level civil war datasets
to measure climate–induced conflicts misses the important nuances we need to determine cause and
effect–the causation linking climate change to violent conflict, and exposes such analysis to the
ecological fallacy trap. The drawback of using aggregated data has been addressed by studies using
sub–state, micro–level data, and case studies. Most of the studies that used sub–state data also
reported connections between climate and conflict, and most were situated in the Horn of Africa or
in countries with histories of volatilities. Finally, there are those who suggested

Disadvantages Of War
When two people are angry and hurt each other, it is called a fight. When two countries are angry
and try to hurt each other, it is called war. War was fought when two countries are not ready to solve
out their problems by talking together. The Wars Often fought because one country wants some
source or all of the land that another country has. If it wants the land badly enough, it will fight to
try to win it. Sometimes when other countries see this problem, they might get into the war to
protect the country that wants to keep its land. This is how countries involved to protect each other.
It is called "forming an alliance." When groups of countries, or alliances, fight, it is sometimes
called a world war. War always never a good thing because people were killed, some people get
hurt, and it all costs a lot of money. But sometimes wars have to be fought because they want to
protect themselves, and they want to protect others from the enemy who sometimes are in charge of
countries.
The armed conflict of the world over is always perceived from the perspective of the person who
engaged in war. The impacts of these conflicts are most often measured in terms of the strategic and
economic losses. But the disadvantaged, which fight the most; the women, children and the aged
people, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the last 30 years, It is clear that, thousands and lakhs of children, many under the age of 11,
have been joined into armies around the world. in country like Liberia, children was found as young
as seven have been in battle, in Cambodia, a survey tells the wounded soldiers found in the war
places, more than 20 percent are age between 11 to 15. when they were recruited In Sri Lanka, most
of the Tamil Tigers, who killed by the Sinhalese military attack, more than half were still in their
teenagers, and some were girls. According to a survey the number of child soldiers worldwide
between 2 lakhs to 3

Precaution Book Report
r bad behavior, he became a sailor for his profession, going on his first Stepke 2 voyage in 1806.
Eventually, he became a midshipman in the navy on January 1, 1808. He stayed in the navy for three
years. When his father died in 1809, Cooper inherited $50, 000. He married in 1811 to Susan
Augusta De Lancey, after quitting the navy. One evening, when his wife was unwell, he complained
to her that contemporary books were unsatisfactory. In reply, his wife set down a wager that he
could write a better book. He took up the wager immediately, and as a result, he wrote the book
Precaution. Precaution was heavily influenced by the style of Jane Austen. This began his writing
career. He went on to write the hugely popular Leatherstocking Tales, starting ... Show more content
Munro has clear boundaries. Inside his fort, he was master and overseer of all. Outside the fort, he
had to rely on the "uncivilized" wisdom of the younger men like Uncas. Munro is at a disadvantage,
in the "outlands of America." Hawkeye is almost completely void of boundaries. He is an Indian's
white man. He knows most Indian dialects, most of the Indian leaders, and a great deal about their
culture. Hawkeye is virtually an Indian. He does not hesitate to stretch his boundaries, especially in
defense of his friends, even attempting to be the scapegoat for Cora when Magua is given
permission by Tamenund, the old leader of the Delaware Indians, to take her captive. Munro has
clear boundaries; Hawkeye does not. Munro is a powerful man inside his boundaries, but Hawkeye
is an influential man wherever he goes. While Munro is clearly respected by all his men, Hawkeye's
plans and comments are valued by all that know him. The boundaries of Munro are clear. Hawkeye's
are not. Munro's changes and boundaries heavily reflect American Romanticism. His choices and
feelings become his downfall. Munro dies a solitary death, instead of thinking about what he still
has in his surviving daughter,

Analysis Of Jack Coughlin's Shooter
Shooter War is truly violent and awful job, especially for a sniper. Shooter is about a Marine scout
sniper named Jack Coughlin that plays a small role in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. His new style of
urban sniping makes it much easier for his fellow Marines. He takes out threats before they can even
come close to his men. He is at the front of the action as the ¾ battalion moves from town to town
on a campaign to Baghdad. In this journal, I will visualize a sandstorm, clarifying Jack meeting the
person he shot, that lived, and connecting Jack meeting his enemy and a football game.
The only thing that can bring the war in Iraq to a grinding halt is a sandstorm. Trying to visualize
such an occurrence is mind–boggling task; this task however ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The moment when Jack meets the man he shot, is similar to shaking hand with the opposing team
after a football game. After a football game both teams line up and shake hands and say "good
game" to each other. During this time you are showing clemency for the people you were just
beating on moments ago. In many cases there are a few players numbers that you remember
specifically. When you shake these specific players hands you might give them an additional pat on
the back as you walk by. In that split second of respect for each other, as your looking each other in
the eye, you often remember the most from the whole night. The same person you were trying to
hurt is now the same person shaking your hand. Usually whoever was the obvious winner between
the two players pats the loser on the back, almost saying a condescending "good try" to the other
player. When Jack met the man he shot, he obviously won the conflict between the two, so he was
tried to be altruistic almost like giving him a pat on the back. The losers of the fight or game
normally have a sad, disappointed look on their face. Just like the losing team in football. The same
face Achmed had when talking to Jack. Meeting someone personally after winning a fight with them
is a humbling

Liam O Flaherty's The Sniper
In short stories, many people may overlook how greatly an author described the setting. It is
important that a well–thought–out framework is included in a piece of literature. "The Sniper" by
Liam O'Flaherty, gives a fair setting of Dublin, Ireland at the break of the night. On a rooftop, across
the large city street, the sniper unknowingly faced his brother. They're inevitably against one
another, both now torn apart by civil war. The night they clashed was what the author seemingly
described the most. Setting for this story creates conflict because the sniper had extreme difficulty
seeing his brother in the darkness. The narrator had said, "The long June twilight faded into night.
Dublin lay enveloped in darkness but for the dim light of

A comprehensive study on civil war: models and real cases
A comprehensive study on civil war: models and real cases
The history of ethnic civil war consists of ethnic fragmentation appeared along the societal path to
globalization. Over time, human enabled a comprehensive study of variables and motives in attempt
to theorize a historical pattern of civil war. Two important models, one constructed by Paul Collier
and Anke Hoeffler, and the other by James Fearon and David Laitin, provided hypothesis of the
causes of civil war based on social, economic and political measurements. However, as Horowitz
states, "a bloody phenomenon cannot be explained by a bloodless theory", civil conflict can never be
concluded to a certain pattern; despite the general trend, chance events such as natural disasters ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rwanda, which underwent two civil wars in 1963 and 1990, has one of the highest population
densities in Africa.
On the other hand, Fearon and Laitin concentrated on state capacity in building their model to
predict the risk of war. They concluded civil war as the consequence of a weak central government;
variables that measure state capacity, particularly instability, poverty and population, were selected
in the process. Political instability reflects a government's inability in counterinsurgency; poverty
demonstrates its failure to provide welfare to the people; and a large population adds challenges to
the overall balance and management of different regions. During the economic breakdown in
Yugoslavia, facing public calls for urgent economic reform, the Communist government "blocked
promising reform initiatives" in order to maintain the monopoly control of the government and the
country's industries. The mediocre Yugoslavian government failed to pull the nation out from
poverty, which eventually led to the collapse of the Republic.
Overall, both the CH model and the FL model highlight the interactive patterns between the
independent variables and the risk of war, and thus support their hypothesis of the civil war
mechanism. Nonetheless, although both models provide certain degree of prediction to the risk of
war, neither applies to the reality perfectly.
First of all, hypothesis proposed by both models are broad representation of a generalized

Lebanon Research Paper
Lebanese emigrated for so many different reasons that depend on the individuals. For some
Lebanese they depart for economic reasons; they leave from Lebanon to work, and think to come
with good money, but they stay emigrated because they get used to their new life outside of
Lebanon. Lebanon is a small country, the citizens are growing dramatically, there are not enough
jobs for everyone; so they are forced to leave the country to look for jobs. According to Pearlman,
the Crown Junior Chair in Middle East Studies and Assistant Professor of Political Science at
Northwestern University, "Destination countries vary in three dimensions that interact to affect
migrants' connectedness to their home countries: resources, integration, and proximity" (107). The
individuals emigrates because they want to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
United Emirates opens great job opportunity for Lebanese, if they have a college degree. Some
emigrated because of religions, because they felt that they are losing power toward the other
religious sects, they want to be understood and live in peace with others. Especially during the civil
wars, when the Syrian tried to conquer Lebanon, they separated the religions into groups. Some
emigrated for education, because of the school system in Lebanon is hard, and the high cost of
universities in Lebanon. The people who immigrated to other countries will combine the cultures of
the two countries, and will understand the diversities of these countries.In my situation, I emigrated
from Lebanon in 2006 with my family for a better educational system in the United States. In 2004,
my father and my brother left Lebanon before us to find a house, job, and settle before the rest of the
family came to the United States. My brother came with my dad, because he was 17 years old and if
he waited until he came with us, he would have to do separate paperwork, which would take

Maturity In Stephen Crane's The Red Badge Of Courage
Throughout life, everyone goes through experiences that reconstruct them from immaturity to
maturity through circumstances and situations life throws at them. In the beginning of Stephen
Crane's book The Red Badge of Courage he shows us this transformation through the protagonist
Henry Fleming's story. From when he enlists in the army, he is faced with the question of whether or
not he should flee from a battle and struggles to face the issue. The Red Badge of Courage is a story
of Henry's personal struggles with conscience, fear and bravery. Henry, or "The Youth" as Crane
calls him, goes through a psychological transformation from a naive, cowardly individual to a
mature, brave soldier. The challenges he faces in war help mold him into his future–self, a national
hero.
The story begins with Henry dreaming of becoming a hero like the Greek gods and enlists in the
army thinking of it as an easy way of turning into a hero. From the first time the thought of enlisting
in the army lingered in Henry's head, his mother was against it knowing he was not fitt for warfare,
but Henry never took heave of his mother's advice. When leaving to the army, she said, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If so be a time comes when yeh have to be kilt of do a mean thing, why, Henry, don't think of
anything 'cept what's right, because there's many a woman has to bear up 'ginst sech things these
times, and the Lord 'll take keer of us all."(Crane 10).
This quote explains that his mother was very concerned for him and advised him to never do
shirking as that is the worst possible thing a soldier can do. When Henry arrived at his regiment's'
camp he started to doubt himself and questioned himself whether or not he would

Intertextuality Interlace Stories In The Hakawati
The Hakawati utilizes the intertextuality interlace stories which are popular in the real world such as
Arab/Persian tale of "Qays and Layla." This story is about a young man who loves a woman whose
father prohibits their marriage. Unfortunately, this young woman is married to another man and dies
far away from Qays. At this point, Qays roams the earth missing her as Majnun, the crazy one.
Similarly in The Hakawati, Layl and Shams fall in love, but Layl and Shams are of the same sex
(male). Layl disappears and Shams goes insane when he misses him and Shams is referred to in the
novel as "Majnoun, the crazy one" (The Hakawati 479). Thus, the iconic images of Layl and
Majnoun marks The Hakawati in its tendency to interlace with popular myths. ... Show more content
The closest friend of Osama's mother, Mrs. al–Farouk, leaves to Italy by force with her younger
daughter while her husband and elder daughter stay in Lebanon and die. Elie, who is the leader of
the militia, gets Osama's sister Lina pregnant and as a result he marries her, but he never shows after
the wedding. Thus, the disruptive narrative of The Hakawati is the result of the violent experience of
the Lebanese Civil War. The civil war expanding over two decades of Lebanese history, intensely
affected the narrator

What Caused The 1992-1996 Afghan Civil War : Will History...
What caused the 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War: will history repeat itself?
Khushal H. Safi
GST 6302
February 4, 2015 I. Introduction Many arguments are made for why war occurs and how to achieve
peace. While the analysis helps humanity understand why conflict occurs, it fails to prevent the
march toward war. This paper explores Kenneth Waltz's three levels, or "images' of conflict. Waltz,
the founder of neorealism, established the foundation for one of the two currently accepted
international relations schools, the other Neoliberalism. This essay compares Waltz's theory to other
contemporary thinkers, then applies it to the 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War. The paper concludes by
noticing the similarities events during the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, Waltz depicts the international–system level of international institutions, principles, and
systems as perpetually anarchic, or without a central enforcement mechanism (Waltz, 1988, pg.
618). Waltz contends multilateralism is a root of conflict because international systems are
comprised of states at their core level, thus the response to wayward actors depends upon another
state's desire/need to confront the actor.
A. Individual–Level Analysis Waltz's individual–psychological image looks at reasons why humans
are drawn to conflict. At the most rudimentary level, Waltz assessed war is personally advantageous.
Hans Morgenthau, the father of Political Realism (a principle which Waltz's Neorealism theory is
based), naturally agrees with Waltz's individual image. Morgenthau's "Politics Among Nations: The
Struggle for Power and Peace" postulates world leaders seek power to "control the minds and
actions of other men" (Morgenthau, 2006, pg. 30). The drive to achieve political power is not always
based in war. However, it is always rooted in conflict because power is achieved at the expense of
another.
In the article "Motivations for Conflict: Groups and Individuals," Stewart and Brown also agree
with Waltz. Their "private motivation hypothesis" argues leader and fighters seek profit through
conflict (Stewart & Brown, 2007, pg. 224). Typically, marginalized and unemployed youth seek out
a leader who assist them escape their meager existence.

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