Young Woman's Pregnancy and Miscarriage in Ella Thomas' Diary

Young Woman By Ella Thomas Essay
Another young woman, Ella Thomas, described her pregnancy in a manner that further complicates
interpreting historical pregnancy. While having a miscarriage, Ella describes herself as sick but does
not appear to be bothered by the event. Despite experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, Ella does
not describe her pregnancy within these terms. If anything, she finds her symptoms a nuisance
(Thomas). Furthermore, her own pregnancy has led her to sympathize with other pregnant women.
She mentions in the diary that if she had "sole management" of a plantation that "pregnant women
would be highly favored...whether black of white" (Thomas). The distinction of "sole management"
here is fascinating because it implies that her husband would not be in charge in this case, and that if
he were in charge he would be less likely to show favor to pregnant women because he personally
could not understand the experience (Thomas).
Eventually, Ella becomes worried for her health when more serious symptoms begin to manifest.
Her symptoms are so severe that she they "frighten [her] with fears of sickness" and cause her to
call for her doctor. She notes however, that her physician Dr. Edward Eve does nothing to help her
or to alleviate her symptoms. Days later, her pregnancy miscarries, which she colloquially refers to
as an "abortion" (Thomas). Despite the bodily trauma, Ella's diary entries continues in good spirits.
The actual miscarriage, she notes, did not scare her, it only
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Ivf Research Paper
How Much Cost IVF:
An in–vitro fertilization, also called an IVF, is when a man's sperm and a woman's egg is taken and
combined in a laboratory. Once fertilization occurs, the egg is implanted into the woman's womb
where it develops naturally. In the United States, the average cost of in–vitro fertilization is around
$12,500 per cycle. Many patients require more than one cycle to achieve pregnancy. Thankfully,
most IVF Doctors give a considerable discount for multiple cycle IVF. In the United States of
America the cost of IVF can be as low as $5000 to as high as $30,000 depending on how many
cycles are needed and if a donor is needed for the egg or the sperm. The cost of IVF varies on
locale, Doctor and what is included. Most IVF costs include pre blood tests, ultrasounds and
retrieval cycle monitoring, and egg retrieval and embryo transfer. Most IVF costs do not include
prescription medications, pre–testing and diagnoses of patient's partner, anaesthesia and medical
care needed due to the IVF procedure. In addition, IVF costs do not typically include extra tests and
procedures such as Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Assisted zona hatching, Preimplantation
genetic diagnosis, gender ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Typically States with lots of Fertility Clinics cost less than States with minimal Fertility Clinic do.
Low cost IVF States are Illinois with the average IVF cost of around $10,500 per cycle, and
Washington DC has an average price of $9500 per cycle. The most expensive States are Colorado
with an average cost of $17,000 per in–vitro fertilization cycle and Texas with with an average of
$15,000 per cycle. One of the cheapest Infertility clinics in the United States is ARC Fertility. ARC
Fertility has clinics in 33 out of the 50 States, and offers affordable financing plans. For those who
cannot afford in–vitro fertilization procedures in the United State, may find travelling to a different
country for a low cost IVF

The Human Mark On The Environment
Sedentism and domestication represent not just a technological change but also a change in
worldview. Land was no longer a free good, available to anyone, with resources scattered randomly
across the landscape; it was transformed into particular territories, collectively or individually
owned, on which people raised crops and flocks. Thus, sedentism and a high level of resource
extraction (whether by complex foraging or farming) led to concepts of property that were rare in
previous foraging societies. Graves, grave goods, permanent housing, grain–processing equipment,
as well as the fields and herds, connected people to places. The human mark on the environment
was larger and more obvious following sedentization and the rise of farming; people transformed
the landscape in more dramatic ways––building terraces or walls to hold back floods.
One of the more dramatic effects of settling down was the change in female fertility and the rise in
population. A number of different effects together caused the population to grow.Among modern
foragers, a woman 's pregnancies tend to be spaced three to four years apart because of the extended
period of breastfeeding characteristic of these societies. Extended means not just that children are
weaned at three to four years of age but that they still nurse whenever they feel like it, as frequently
as several times an hour (Shostak 1981, 67). This nursing stimulus triggers the secretion of a
hormone that suppresses ovulation (Henry

Infertility is reported to affect one in every six couples...
Infertility is reported to affect one in every six couples in Ireland (CAHR, 2005). Others advise that
infertility effects one in every five couples (Murphy, 2008). Considering this high percentage rate of
people affected by infertility in Ireland one would think that there would be a great level of public
awareness about the condition and appropriate support services in place to support this vulnerable
client group. Unfortunately this is not the case. While there has no doubt been substantial advances
and developments in the medical field with regard to treating infertility through assisted
reproductive technologies (ART) which is a welcomed development for those struggling with
infertility. However, little has been done to develop ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1993:45). The results of this study found that the infertile women had symptom scores which were
the same as the cancer, cardiac rehabilitation and hypertension patients but lower scores than those
presented by the women with chronic pain and those who had a diagnosis of HIV (Domar et al.
1993:45). The level of anxiety and depression amongst the infertile participants was parallel to the
findings noted from all other groups except from the chronic pain patients (Domar et al. 1993:45).
This study clearly validates an association between the psychological symptoms associated with
infertility and those associated with other serious medical conditions. The authors advocate that
"psychosocial interventions for serious medical illness should be adapted and offered to those
diagnosed with infertility and undergoing fertility treatment" (Domar et al. 1993:45). Cwikel et al.
(2004:126) states that "infertility treatments, medical monitoring, hormonal remedies and IVF have
a strong physical and emotional effect on women and their partners". Research conducted by Greil,
et al, (2010:144) found that infertility had a negative effect on individuals due to an

Ivf Essay
[pic] In vitro fertilisation (IVF) marks a great step forward in medical technology, and Australia is a
leader in the field. IVF is now a popular procedure for couples who are infertile or are having
trouble conceiving. However, it raises ethical, moral and legal issues including the rights of an
individual, property rights, the definition of human life, scientific experimentation versus a potential
human life, religion, costs, and community, medical and taxpayer's rights. The process of IVF
involves mixing the woman's egg and the man's sperm outside of the woman's body, usually in a
petri dish. Invitro fertilisation literally means 'fertilisation in glassware'. If the fertilisation is
successful, the formed embryo is transferred to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, with such low statistics it is important to keep in mind that each infertile couple may go
through many cycles of IVF; therefore it could end up costing them tens of thousands of dollars. On
the other hand, with Australia's declining birth rate, we should provide more encouragement for
people to have children, instead of making them pay thousands of dollars. Unfortunately for infertile
couples, infertility is not considered a health problem, and therefore it is not funded by the
government. Is it fair that only financially able infertile couples can afford IVF, when it should be
available to all infertile couples? An issue that has caused great legal debate is the freezing of eggs
and embryos. Freezing allows savings eggs or embryos for later implantation; not all are used.
However, frozen embryos and eggs generally have a lower success rate. The question arises of what
happens to them if the couple decides to divorce, or one or both of them dies? These situations have
been decided through court determinations. In 1987, the status of frozen embryos was brought
before the Victorian courts with the case of Mr and Mrs Rios, who had died in a plane crash. The
embryos from Mr and Mrs Rios had been frozen in 1981. There were many ethical and moral
concerns regarding this case. Should the embryos remain frozen indefinitely, be donated, or kept for
research? The Infertility (Medical Procedures) Act

What Makes Turkey And Dubai Two Of The Top Ten Highest...
Egypt has Throughout the past 5 years Egypt has faced a tremendous downsize in a major source of
income it had most of it's civilized history. Tourism in Egypt was one of the main 3 sources of
income Egypt counted on pre the revolution that have arisen in 2011. It started growing back post
2014 falling back down after the Russian airline bombing in 2015. Our current ordeal now is the
fact that we don't only need to revive Egypt's past tourist flow but to increase it drastically to plug a
huge deficit in Egypt's GDP (Growth Domestic Product). To do so we need to look at the problem
from outsider's perspective. What makes Turkey and Dubai two of the top ten highest grossing
touristic destinations well they studied the tourist needs and wants and provided them with all the
information needed by providing applications, maps, flyers and brochures that tells them a lot of
useful things to do in their country and tips to guide them, although both of them don't have nearly
as much destinations or sightseeing spots as Egypt do. The problem that caused the decrease in
tourism in Egypt is majorly accounted to the level of security problems we had which led to massive
decreases in arrivals and declines in growth.
Egypt has a lot of touristic destinations, which has led to the creation of a strong hotel sector and
good travel links with many key source markets. The main destinations in Egypt are Cairo, Sharm el
sheikh, hurghada and luxor and aswan. But there are a lot of another

What Are Some Of The Signs Of Puberty?
Assessment 3: Scientific article review
Question 1. What are some of the signs of puberty in females? (Describe three signs of puberty). In
what state of puberty was the case described by Demeestere et al (2015) e.g. pre–pubertal, pubertal
or post–pubertal. How do we know this? (text book, Reference 1 & 4)
Puberty in females is communally marked by the beginning of the first menarche (Putte et al., 2011,
p. 548). During puberty many of the female organs begin to enlarge including the vagina, uterus,
uterine tubes and the breasts in addition to the hips as the adipose tissue will develop from within,
creating an adult form (Putte et al., 2011, p. 102). During puberty, the apocrine sweat glands become
active as a result of the influence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients treated with alkylating agents have a higher risk of causing ovarian failure than
chemotherapy agents, where's a platinum agent present a lower risk than alkylating agents (Knight
et al., 2015, p.3). These agents can all cause a decrease of follicles in addition to damaging the
ovarian blood vessels (Knight et al., 2015, p.2).
Word count = 150
Question 3. What techniques are currently used to preserve fertility in female patients? Describe two
of these techniques. What technique was used in the case described by Demeestere et al (2015)?
(Reference 1, 2, 3 & 4)
Two techniques have been used to preserve the fertility in female patients; they are oocyte
cryopreservation and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Oocyte cryopreservation is where a harvested
egg is extracted, frozen and then preserved (Imbert et al, 2014, p. 1938). In adolescent cancer
patients, the required harvested egg can be a problem, for the earnestness to start cancer treatment.
The oocytes are harvested by inserting a needle into the ovarian cortex and as a result of this; the
process is very painful and will require sedation (Knight et al., 2015, p.2). Pre–pubertal females who
have not ovulated do not have the option of OC (Knight et al., 2015, p.2). Ovarian tissue
cryopreservation is the process of taking the outer layer of the ovary and then sliced into strips and
frozen (Knight et al., 2015, p.3). This is a more favoured option

Drinking Embryos
A little girl, who is yet to be named, was made using an embryo that was frozen 18 years before by a
hospital in Shanghai. In 1988, The mother of the baby, named Huang Qiong who was 27 years old at
the time had trouble getting pregnant as she had been diagnosed with blocked fallopian tubes and
was undergoing fertility treatment. So Huang decided to have her embryo frozen. During those
years, she experienced two failed frozen embryo transfers both times and had also failed one fresh
embryo transfer.
Huang took a break from the IVF treatment to focus on her work. In 2014, one of Huang's friends
who was treated at the same hospital, got pregnant with a set of twins through IVF. This encouraged
Huang to try for a baby again. She re–started ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"It's a transformative technology."
IVF – Biological issues and the future of IVF In vitro fertilisation (IVF) literally means 'fertilisation
in glass'. That's where the familiar term 'test tube baby' came from. During the IVF process, eggs are
removed from the ovaries and fertilised with sperm in the laboratory. The eggs and sperm are
brought together in a laboratory glass dish to allow the sperm to fertilize an egg, the fertilised egg,
or embryo, is later placed in the woman's womb. Benefits of IVF In Vitro Fertilisation helps many
couples who struggle with infertility and otherwise unable to conceive. The biggest advantage of
IVF is to successfully go through a pregnancy only to be pregnant to a healthy baby. IVF allows this
to become reality for people who can't have the privilege to have babies maybe because of:
Blocked tubes: For women with blocked or damaged fallopian tubes prevents them from having
babies, so IVF provides the best opportunity of having a child using their own eggs.
Male infertility: Couples with a male infertility problem will have a much higher chance of
conceiving with IVF than conceiving naturally. We have a number of laboratory techniques to
facilitate this.
Unexplained infertility: 1 in 6 couples will suffer fertility problems and sometimes these remain
undiagnosed after investigation.
Endometriosis: Patients with

Is Abortion Right Or Wrong?
Haley Coombs
Kendra Gallos
English 3 Online
December 8, 2014
Is Abortion Right or Wrong? Abortion, do you think it is right or wrong? When you hear the word
abortion what do you think of? People, who think abortion is right, think it is right for many
different reasons. Such as they believe that it is the woman's body and feel as if they should be able
to do whatever they want to with their body. Other people, people who think abortion is wrong feel
as if it is murder, that if they do not want a child they shouldn 't have sex. Some even feel that if
someone becomes pregnant and do not want the child that they should put it up adoption, not every
couple that wants children can have them; there are all kinds of different reasons that they cannot
have kids. In this world there are millions of people, we all have different opinions and trains of
thought. Abortion, this is a topic you either support or don't. There are so many people that do not
think that abortion is right. Murder, most of the time we hear that word when people speak of
abortion. "Killing an innocent, unborn child is cruel"
(http://abortion.procon.org/view.answers.reader–comments.php?questionID=1447) says Jamie N. as
she expresses her opinion about abortion. Abortion is wrong in many different ways, some call it
selfish, some call it cruel, and many call it murder. Your mother gave you the chance to life; she did
not kill you while you were still in her womb just because she did not want you. If

In Vitro Fertilizatio is Helping Couples to have a Baby
A baby will bring happiness and joy to the family. Unfortunately, nowadays some couples have
problems regarding bearing a baby because of infertility. The definition of infertility is when
couples are unable to become pregnant. This problem is a big depression to all couples who want to
have a happy family and becomes a major issue for couples. Because of this problem and the growth
of technology, human being discovered a new technology and creates a solution for this problem,
which called In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). IVF gives a high chance to couples to have a baby. What is
the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)? According to the Perla who is the author of " Is in vitro fertilization
for older woman Ethical?" article, the IVF is the process of uniting between sperm and ovum under
certain condition in laboratory. This technique is used when a woman is unable to bear children. It is
a process that required chemical methods to stimulate a female's ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
Then these eggs are removed and incubated with sperm. After fertilization and formation of zygote,
the zygote is placed inside a woman's uterus to grow. IVF is complex and expensive process. Only 5
% of infertile couples have used this method. However, since the IVF and other similar techniques
are introduced in the United States in 1981, these methods have led to birth of more than 200,000 in
infants. IVF is not always the first step to have a baby. This technique uses when using fertility
drugs,

Infertility Treatments Are Necessary in Today's Society Essay
Infertility Treatments: Is it Ethical?
In recent years, several factors have altered the definition of a family. We live in a time where
careers, education, and work are now put before starting a family, making it more difficult to have
children. The traditional family archetype has changed with a rise in single and homosexual
parenting. This change, even though it is a positive one, can result in several people being unable to
bear children. Infertility treatments have become a popular choice for these people who cannot have
children. These treatments have become popular in books, movies, and other forms, which has
brought attention to the ethics of the practices. The ethics of these treatments are challenged by the
health risks on people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those who are infertile may feel distressed that they are not able to become a parent, especially if it
is one of their life goals. Infertility treatments are vital in giving infertile people the chance to fulfill
their lives with a family.
Infertility treatments need to be available simply for the reason that they are helpful for people
whose health conditions inhibit them from producing a child of their own. According to the CDC,
6% of married women are infertile and 11% of women have troubles getting pregnant. (CDC). They
are also beneficial to single women and men facing infertility issues. People that are infertile may
have problems with reproductive organs, hormonal glands, or genetic disorders that impede on these
couples ability to get pregnant. Infertility can be difficult to those trying to get pregnant. Research
has shown that infertility has negative emotional and psychological effects on a person facing
infertility. People dealing with infertility often feel depressed, distressed, as if they were grieving a
loss. (health.harvard.edu) It can also cause negatives effects on the relationships between couples
facing infertility. Infertility treatments are necessary because they give people facing health issues
the chance to have a child. Health issues should not be a reason why people cannot have children.
Not only are infertility treatments beneficial in aiding people facing infertility but other

Abortion Is Morally Wrong?
Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal of the fetus from the mother's womb. It is
estimated that there are 30–40 million abortions conducted a year (Trupin). Abortions have been
legal in the United States since the Supreme Court's decision in the 1973 Roe v. Wade case, however
there is still a major controversy surrounding abortion as to whether or not abortions are morally
acceptable. While some argue that abortion is morally impermissible, as it involves the killing of a
fetus, others will contend that abortions are morally acceptable because the fetus is not a rationale
human being. When discussing the controversy of abortions, common questions revolve around the
moral status of the fetus, and the rights of the woman. Prominent philosophers such as Judy Jarvis
Thomson and Don Marquis have opposing stances on the issues. Thomson comes to the conclusion
that abortion is morally permissible based on a series of analogies and thought experiments focusing
on women's rights. Unlike Thomson, Marquis argues that abortion is morally wrong except in
extreme cases, based off of his reasoning of why killing is wrong. This paper will first reconstruct
Marquis' argument, and then argue that his argument is weak because it contains flaws that makes
his conclusion invalid. In his article "Why Abortion is Immoral," Don Marquis attempts to develop
a general argument that concludes abortions and killing an adult human are morally the same, so the
majority of abortions

Physical, Cognitive And Social Development Stages Of Human...
Human development is a science that focuses on the observations regarding physical, cognitive and
social behavior of humans throughout their lifespan. Social workers must be aware of the various
dimensions that are part of normal development to help clients understand what is typical during
each developmental stage. Using a multidimensional approach, the social worker is able to assess
both strengths and risks factors of each evolving stage. Each stage of development involves
reaching certain milestones. It's important to understand that sometimes these milestones are not
reached due to environmental, personal or external factors that affect the normal process
development. The professional social worker must take into account factors such as culture or
sexual preference while assessing typical development. According to (Ashford and LeCroy, 2013)
there are seven different human developmental stages beginning with the physical development of
the fetus and ending with death in the late adulthood stage. Young adulthood is a stage of human
development were many decisions take place. A typical young adult is between the ages of twenty–
two and thirty–four years old. Initial choices in love, lifestyle, values, and occupation occur. The
young adult is seeking to develop meaningful relationships, while building an occupational identity,
thinking about forming a family, seeking independence from its parents, and experiencing high
stress with the growing responsibilities. Besides all

Abortion
Abortion is one of the most controversial topics of all times. The definition most people associate
with abortion is the termination of unwanted pregnancy. In their essay, "The Wrong of Abortion",
Patrick Lee and Robert P. George argue that intentional abortion is unjust and therefore objectively
immoral no matter the circumstances. Also, they argue that "the burden of carrying the baby is
significantly less than the harm the baby would suffer by being killed; the mother and father have a
special responsibility to the child; it follows that intentional abortion (even in few cases where the
baby's death is an unintended but foreseen side effect) is unjust " (24).
I am personally in between pro–life and pro–choice. On the one hand, I agree ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that the woman has a duty or a responsibility of taking care for her child regardless if
she wanted the baby or not. "Since we have special responsibilities to those with whom we are
closely untied, it follows that we in fact do have a special responsibility to our children anterior to
our having voluntarily assumed such responsibility or consented to the relationship" (23). Abortion
is clearly used to avoid responsibility and the authors call this unjust or intentional killing.
Nevertheless, while the authors argue that abortion is intentional killing most of the time, they also
claim that causing death as a side effect is morally permissible. For example, if the pregnant woman
has cancer in her uterus that will surely endanger the woman's life, then Lee and George claim that,
in this case, it can be morally right to remove the cancer with the baby still in her womb, even if the
baby (fetus) dies as a result. They consider the baby's death as a side effect as well as the ending of
the pregnancy itself but they claim that the mother's life is more important. This type of abortion is
known as indirect or non–intentional killing (21). However, they also assert that not every death that
is caused because of side effects is right. For instance, if the mother or the father have a bad habit of
smoking when they know for a fact that this will endanger the baby's (fetus)

Abortion And Abortion
Abortion; is defined, "the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely
followed by the death of the embryo or fetus. This is the definition of abortion of which I will be
reviewing its ethical status. After Roe vs Wade, the supreme court simultaneously decided that
women have the right of privacy under the 14th amendment; making it acceptable to abort a
pregnancy within the first trimester. The main argument on abortion is really a debate on human life,
and whether it has value from the moment of conception. Each and every human life is composed of
intrinsic value, and has the right to live. Killing an innocent human being is wrong, and fetuses are
innocent human beings; making it morally wrong ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Is a fetus human? At first it seems self–evident; that the fetus in question is obviously a human fetus
and not a bovine fetus, or a feline fetus. Michael Toley in his article "Abortion and Infanticide
"argue that further qualifying properties must be added to the concept of being human to discount a
fetus being human; such as the argument of personhood. The argument is as follows; that a "fetus" is
not a person unless it contains one of the following qualities: "1) consciousness and the capacity to
feel pain, 2) reasoning, 3) self–motivated activity, 4) the capacity to communicate, and 5) the
presence of self–concepts, and self awareness". Any such qualifications would be out of no where,
unless there is support given by biology or neurology to discount the fetus of having the
metaphysical property of being human. I truly do not understand how such a metaphysical
validation can be proven by the physical sciences, but the burden of proof would not be to disprove
the possibility of the sciences achieving this; but on the positive affirmation that there is a
possibility in the first place. So at first glance fetuses appear to be human, and by being human they
are endowed with essential value, and violates on this value is; within the immoral action. Now a
second and third question comes to mind , is the fetus encroaching on the mother's intrinsic value,
and if so does

Abortion: Controversial Issues in Society Today
One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I chose abortion as
the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the
human fetus from the mother's womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural
birth. Most religious people believe that abortion should be completely banned. They agree with the
idea that it is simply a type of murder and murdering a person is a crime and abortion is just a
different type of killing. Some other, generally non–religious people believe that abortion should be
not be banned and it should be a personal choice whether a women gets an abortion or not. There
could be some cases where the women has no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Russia's government is making free abortions available to women who fall into several newly
defined categories, through their twenty second week of pregnancy. Critics of the free abortions
blame Russia's declining birth rate on cheap abortions. In the past six months, twice as many deaths
as births have been recorded in Moscow. Of course it's sad, said Vaganov. The whole story is sad,
the number of abortions still being performed is sad, mortality figures are sad....
The thing is that you can just see more of what used to be hidden from the public eye he said. We
are just trying not to hide the new realities of life, and we are not neglecting the old ones.;
P.O.V; The journalist is trying to show that the united states is not the only one facing challenges in
abortion and is possibly biased towards the united states.
Source:Cable News Network, Inc.2011
Article 4.
A pregnant leukemia patient who became a flashpoint in the abortion debate in the Dominican
Republic died Friday morning, a hospital official told CNN. The 16–year–old, who had been
undergoing chemotherapy, died from complications of the disease, said Dr. Antonio Cabrera, the
legal representative for the hospital.
Her case stirred debate in her country, as her life was potentially at risk because of anti–abortion
laws in the Dominican Republic.
Doctors were hesitant to give her chemotherapy because such treatment could terminate the
pregnancy –– a

Extend Fertility Analysis
Extend Fertility – Analysis
Extend Fertility – Analysis
This assignment is about a critical analysis of Christy Jones, founder of Extend Fertility and her
business plan about offering the service of retrieving and freezing young women's eggs to 'beat the
biological clock' for the future use. Her business idea was to offer the service of combining the best–
of class science, service, and storage of the eggs.
Finding the Idea
After several years of studying and then working to gain experience, women tend to prefer first
being successful in their job and build a career and delay parenthood until they are a older (Wilkie,
1981). A study from the New York Post showed that about 43 % of women with higher education
between 33 and 46 are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of course it is very good that nowadays there is the possibility to freeze your eggs, but how can the
best scientist and the best clinic help when your target group doesn't know you. Additionally, as the
target group are educated women in their twenties, they are most likely still at university or in
bigger cities. So showing presence there and to educational work would be a good idea.
Dealing with Competitors
As this was a fast moving business and the topic of freezing eggs wasn't new to competitors, Jones
knew that she had to act fast. Her goal was to become leader in this industry including the scientific,
service, storage, marketing and education aspect. With working closely with the scientific leaders,
building exclusive strategic partnerships within the industry and being the only company with an
FDA approved egg–freezing science, Jones wanted to make sure that she is and stays market leader
in this industry. Though, it might have been very hard to be the only company receiving exclusive
rights for FDA approval. When fulfilling the regulations, also other companies can be FDA
approved (FDA, 2009). Additionally, a market analysis regarding other fertility centers and their
plans for the future would be helpful. There, new opportunities for alliances might come up. Also,
sharing studies and improving the procedure could be a possible side effect when working with
other organizations. There were also other companies on the market with the idea of

Tourism Is A Key Pillar Of New Zealand 's Economy
Tourism is a key pillar of New Zealand's economy. The tourism industry in New Zealand
contributes to nearly 3.7% of the country's gross domestic product. Though a key pillar of the
economy, it is also raised a lot of problem in its environment. Tourism is gradually damaging the
environment of New Zealand and it has raised an alarm for the country to consider its pillar sector.
New Zealand has magnificent sceneries such as the Mt. Victoria, the Fiordland National Park, The
Southern Lakes and the Expansive national museum. This essay endeavors to ascertain that tourism
in New Zealand is causing environmental issues in the country.
Discussion
Tourism has adversely affected the environment of New Zealand in the following ways: its biggest
impact is on the loss of quality land. Some of New Zealand's unhampered natural environments are
experiencing human interference in their natural setting. Some environments such as in the
Fiordland National Park the tall tussock grassland is slowly degrading. Only a small percentage of
10% of this grassland that existed is present. This grassland has slowly been degraded since 1984.
Through the reduction in grassland covered areas in New Zealand leads to a lot of soil erosion. Soil
erosion leads to the loss of rich nutrients that help improve the environment. Soil erosion leads to
desertification in the land. Reduced soil fertility has a direct impact on the produce of the
environment and farming. Deteriorated soil further leads to the

Infertility In The Handmaid's Tale By Margaret Atwood
Infertility is the incapability or failure conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse or
due to an impairment a person's capacity to reproduce either as an individual or with his/her partner.
While infertility can cause issues in men and women, women are more susceptible to having issues
conceiving naturally. 1 in 8 women (or 12% of married couples) have trouble getting pregnant or
sustaining a pregnancy (2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth, CDC). There is a process in
which three stages such as ovulation, fertilization, and implantation that a women's body must go
through to get pregnant. When there are issues in these stages, infertility is diagnosed and examined
by a doctor therefore, making it hard to conceive a baby naturally. Throughout this paper, I will
explain three common causes of infertility in females like endometriosis, sexual transmitted
diseases, and poor nutrition. In the story The Handmaid's Tale, by Margaret Atwood, women are
infertile because of pollution, STD's, and radiation. If in fact, radiation caused the women of Gilead
to be infertile it could possible because the radiation caused a chemical or hormonal imbalance.
With that being said, the world we live in today, the leading causes of infertility in the U.S. is
endometriosis. Infertile women are 6 to 8 times more likely to have endometriosis than fertile
women (Verkauf BS). This syndrome is found mostly in women because this is where the
endometrial tissue grows outside of

Failed Vasectomy Reversal Ivf Success Story
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Failed Vasectomy Reversal IVF Success Story
Two kids after failed vasectomy reversal: The Carro family's story
Jessica Lovell, a former Las Vegas news anchor and reporter, was 35 when she married 43–year–old
Tony, who runs a legal services company and who already was the father of two pre–teens. When
they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After each IVF cycle, in March, April and June, her eggs were fertilized with Tony's sperm, and the
resulting 15 embryos were frozen, allowing Jessica's body time to recover before embryo transfer.
"Frozen transfer made a lot of sense, when Dr. Shapiro explained it," she says. "You go through all
this medication to do retrieval, then you're asking your body to get back in the mode of accepting
transfer right away. It's better to wait a month or two and then start over again, making sure that
your body is ready to take the embryos in. It worked for me."
Ultimately, two embryos survived the thaw and growth stages, and both were transferred. One
became Jessica and Tony's first child together, daughter Sunnye Lucille.
Repeat IVF after failed vasectomy reversal

Soon, the Carros decided to try again. This time, the day before egg retrieval, Tony got cold feet.
The idea of a fourth child suddenly became overwhelming. When Jessica came into the office upset
and uncertain about what to do, Dr. Shapiro offered to retrieve Jessica's eggs and freeze them until
the couple was ready, and even offered to let them pay for the retrieval when they were ready to
move ahead.
"It was such a tough, emotionally charged time for us, and Dr. Shapiro knew it," she says. "What he
did for us just shows what kind of person he is."
Four months later, Tony was back on board, and the couple decided to move forward with fertilizing
Jessica's frozen eggs.

Infertility Essay
Infertility is the inability for a couple that is sexually active to become pregnant after twelve months
of trying to conceive. This is a complex medical issue. A common mistake made about infertility is
that it can occur in not only women but men as well and it is much more common amongst both
men and woman. The causes of infertility can be range from environment or physical factors. Risk
factors associated with infertility for both sexes include age, tobacco use, alcohol use, weight, and
physical activity (Peterson 170). Once a man or woman is diagnosed, they can then begin treatment.
In some cases, infertility can be corrected by hormone therapy or surgery. If these options do not
succeed, parenthood may still be at reach through other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the ovaries may not release an egg regularly or they may not
release a healthy egg. These women usually have irregular periods or no periods at all. In women,
reproductive history, demographics, and lifestyle habits also have been associated with reduced
fertility (Infertility). The causes of infertility in men and women vary widely, and medical imaging
typically plays a role in their diagnosis and treatment. Infertility can be treated with medicine,
surgery, or assisted reproductive technology (Infertility). Medicines can include fertility drugs for
example clomiphene or follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone injections. Another
options would be surgery to help women with fibroids, scarring, or even endometriosis. Lastly,
assisted reproductive technology can consists of in vitro fertilization or looking into a surrogate.
When a couple is experiencing infertility, a gynecologist generally evaluates the woman, as well as
a semen analysis is ordered for the male. Male infertility would be then suspected if the results from
the semen analysis were abnormal. The initial workup usually consists of medical history and
physical examination, as well as endocrine system and genetic evaluation in some cases (Peterson
177). Infertility takes a toll of some people's lives and most of the time it is overlooked or not
noticed fully. "Married couples who are unable to have children are at

Abortion Essay
ABORTION: LIFE OR DEATH
Abortion is one of the maximum controversial topics that has been always argued over for many
years all around the international that poses the questions demise or lifestyles. Abortion discusses
one's interplay wherein ethics, emotions, clinical, and law come into location. According to the
Webster Dictionary abortion is the lack of the fetus or unborn baby before it could live outdoor the
womb. The killing a human existence is a contradiction to the norms of society, from a biblical point
of view, one will accept as true with that abortion is inaccurate because it is a sin that is said in
Exodus 20:13, the 6th commandment of the law of God "Thou shall now not kill", and such an act
should be outright unlawful. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People just like the seasoned–preference trust that it's miles a woman's body and choice and may
decide whether or not the fetus is needed or not.
Abortion turned into taken into consideration legal in the 18th century below the common regulation
and become extensively exercise inside the United States, after the despair abortion become deem
illegal. According to the Guttmacher institute the estimate variety of abortion within the Nineteen
Fifties and 1960s ranged from two hundred,000 to 1.2 million. Around 1967–1973 there has been 14
states that made amends and four states withdrawn from the abortion legal guidelines. New York
changed into the primary nation to allow abortion which stated that ladies may have an abortion as
much as 24 weeks of pregnancy, Hawaii observed will girls will have an abortion up to 20 weeks. In
1991in the case of Rust v Sullivans the upholding of the 'gag rule" of 1988 medical doctors' had
been forbidden to speak about abortion with their sufferers as long as they had been receiving
federal price range.
Ever since the women's rights motion gained force the pro–choice group has argued for abortion as
a rightful preference. Abortion is perceived as an option that empowers ladies with the right to
exercise her preference to prevent undesirable pregnancy. In the case concerning "Roe v. Wade"
within the country of Texas regarding banning abortion besides in the case of sparing

The Effects of the One-Child Policy in China Essay example
Would it be fair for the Government to control how many children you have? Is it fair for them to
kill your unborn children? Since 1949 under the rule of Mao Zedong, the communist Chinese
government had enforced policies that control families and couples in China. The Government has
forced the people to have more children at one point and less at another. The One–Child policy in
China limits Chinese couples to one child each. The three exceptions to the policy are: Minority
ethnic groups, urban single–child residents, and the policy only enforced on the Han Chinese. The
one–child policy was a bad idea for China for three reasons: punishments (inequality), unfair
treatment of women, and china's fertility rate was already decreasing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most females are not respected and are heavily pressured by their parents. Many Chinese women
are expected to be in arranged marriages and are not respected in their family or the work–place.
Woman that aren't even born yet suffer from infanticide. If the parents came to find that they were
having a girl from ultrasound– they would abort that child and try for a boy causing pre–birth
ultrasounds to be banned. "Negative social consequences, particularly sex discrimination. With boys
being viewed as culturally preferable, the practice of female infanticide was resumed in some areas
shortly after the one–child policy took effect." (Document E) "I hate to say it but the one–child
policy should party be blamed for some social issues in youth today." "She wished she has a brother
or sister to share all the attention." (Document F) This evidence supports the claim that the one–
child policy was a bad policy because women have always been culturally no preferable, causing
unborn females to be aborted.
The final reason that the one–child policy was a bad idea is because of the fact that China's fertility
rate was already decreasing and was one of the lowest rates compared to Brazil, South Korea, and
Thailand in 1979 making the policy pointless and unnecessary. "The claim by the Chinese officials
that the one child policy has helped avert over 400 million births simply cannot be substantiated by

The Voice Of John Series Multiple People
The Voice of John featured multiple people such, Dr. Alveda King, founder of King of America, Dr.
Georgia Purdom, holder of a PhD in Molecular Genetics, Bodie Hodge, holder of a BS and MS in
Medical Engineering, Dr. Francis Schell, MD, a Pennsylvania representative for Human Life and
women who have had abortions. The Voice of John made the viewer look at abortion through a
prism of countless angles, opinions, and stories that will bring the real truth to light.
At the start of the film, they hit the viewer with a gut–wrenching situation that begins in 1977, when
a young nurse was working in the obstetrics unit at a major hospital, where she stumbled upon a
LIVE baby, who was placed in a 'dirty utility room,' left to die! What she didn't understand at the
time, was that Roe vs. Wade had just been passed by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled in favor
of the legalization of abortions. The staff in the facility scolded her as she tried to explain that a
baby was alive and was in need of help after left to die! After hearing the doctors' instructions, she
went against their orders and decided to hold the baby in her arms and listen to his soft whimpers,
crying for survival. As she continued to hold the baby, she decided to baptize him, ultimately saying
"I name you John, and I will tell the world what I saw here today. I will be your voice!" The film's
ultimate purpose is to convince the viewer and bring about the issues associated with abortion.
When talking about abortion,

Kids Having Kids Essay
Linnie, from one of the poorest areas of Washington, D.C., started having sex when she was only
eleven. Girls from disadvantaged homes are three to four times more likely to have children. By the
time Linnie was fifteen, she was pregnant. As soon as she found out, her boyfriend of five years left
her. This is very common when it comes to teenage pregnancy. More teens are having sex and
getting pregnant then ever before! These girls must decide what to do about their child, and that is a
very hard decision! There are about four million teens that are sexually active in the U.S. Only about
half of them use protection. There are many influences in a young person's life. Mass media is a big
part of the influence. Television ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you have sex then you must know something can happen and you are risking having a child. If
you decide to keep the child you must realize that your years of being a kid are basically over. You
will have many more responsibilities as a teen with having a child then just a regular teen! You will
have to get a job to support yourself as well as your child. That could even mean quitting school.
The solution to pregnancy for teenage girls is one of these choices: abortion, adoption, or raising the
child yourself. No matter which is chosen, there will be an emotional cost. Choosing abortion or
adoption usually means that the woman isn't prepared to become a parent and knows it. Children
need diapers, food, toys, medical care, clothes, and many other things. Most teenagers cannot afford
to buy all those things and still pay for themselves. When teens choose abortion they can eventually
go back to living their old lives. In the past few decades, abortion has become very common! Since
abortion is so common these days, the adoption rate has decreased rapidly. The questions that
adoption agencies ask are much tougher than ever before. When teens put their children up for
adoption they have the option of still seeing them. A down side to adoption is that the girl will still
have to go through nine months of being pregnant. If you choose to raise your child then you have
to get a job and make enough

Surrogate Motherhood Essay
Surrogate Motherhood: Good or Bad?
There are many controversies surrounding the idea of surrogate motherhood, by its definition, it is a
course of action that goes outside natural reproduction. Although surrogacy was first brought up in
the bible it is only until recently that it has actually become an issue for criticism and debate.
Factors such as the growth of infertility in modern society, coupled with the declining number of
children available for adoption, and the development of surrogacy contract and commercial
surrogacy agencies in
1976, have resulted in increasing publicity and public interest in the formation of agreements
between infertile couples and surrogate mothers (Stuhmcke, 3). Surrogate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this case the child would not be related to the legal mother in any way, and would have the genes
of the surrogate mother, this is also known as partial surrogacy
(http://kizuna.cwru.edu/rlgn120/projects/feminism/opinions.
html).
Laws about surrogacy vary from state to state. However, only a few states have actually passed laws
concerning the matter, the others have simply dodged the issue. Partial surrogacy in comparison to
total surrogacy is much more difficult to work out legally. There are the issues of half–siblings, the
biological mother's role in the child's life, whether or not the woman raising the child will be able to
handle such issues, and what the child will be told when he/she gets older. For such reasons,
surrogate motherhood has been avoided by lawmakers in most states
(http://www.phoenix.net/~townhall/surrogat/surlaws.html).
The initial demand for surrogacy is likely to come from women, or the partners of women incapable
of pregnancy, and there are many ways a couple can go about finding a surrogate mother. There are
agencies in states that have legalized surrogacy, and there are also online databases, such as
www.surrogacy.com, which display message boards of people looking to be surrogate mothers or
couples looking to use a surrogate. Before an arrangement is made there are
many

The Reproductive System
Do you know how you were born? Do you know how you came to be? The reproductive system is
the system that made that all possible. Without the reproductive system you wouldn't have been
born. In order to produce offspring, the male and female reproductive systems have to be different.
Each system has different parts, problems and care. Each system have different purposes, the male
reproductive system's function is to produce sperm, while the female reproductive system's function
is to produce ova, store ova and house a fertilized egg.
The male reproductive system is divided into two categories: internal and external reproductive
organs. External organs are outside the body and internal organs are inside the body.
The external ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The system is comprised of a variety of different parts. The first part is the ovaries. The ovaries
contain thousands of immature ova at first that eventually mature during puberty. The ovaries
produce estrogen and progesterone which allow the ova to mature. Next are the fallopian tubes.
They are tubes that carry the ova from the ovaries to the uterus. The uterus is a pear shaped organ. It
shelters and nourishes a developing baby, or fetus. The endometrial lines the uterus. It thickens
during pregnancy. The opening of the uterus is the cervix. The vagina is the muscular passage from
the uterus to the outside of the body. It serves as a passing place for menstrual fluid and other
discharge.
The menstrual cycle is something that a lot of girls and even guys have questions about. The
menstrual cycle is something that only girls go through once they experience puberty. It is nothing
more then the route of an egg through the female's reproductive system. The menstrual cycle starts
as the egg matures in the ovary. The egg is then released from the ovary during the process called
ovulation. The egg then travels in the fallopian tube until it reaches the uterus. If it is not fertilized
by a sperm, through fertilization, then it out of the body in a process known as menstruation, or a
period.
More problems affect the female reproductive system

The Stressful Stigma Of Infertility
The Stressful Stigma of Infertility In the United States, it is estimated that infertility affects 7.4% to
15% of men and women of reproductive age (Lewis, Liu, Stuart, & Ryan, 2013). Infertility is
defined as "failure to conceive after at least 1 year of attempting to achieve a pregnancy with
unprotected intercourse." (Lewis et al., 2013). These issues have been increasing in industrialized
countries over the past half century, and couples facing these concerns often undergo assisted
reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI). These processes are designed to allow couples to have healthy babies who are
usually born at full term. Approximately 30% result in the pregnancy of multiples, most often twins
(Ottosen et al., 2009). However, there is definitive evidence showing that women undergoing
assisted reproductive technologies often experience feelings of depression and anxiety. These
feelings can stem from multiple sources, including the social construction of gender and
motherhood, the power relationship between a woman and her partner, or other significant aspects
of her social position such as socioeconomic status. Understanding these issues can change the
current process of assisted reproductive technology and help give agency to women who might want
to undergo fertility treatments. In a study conducted by Volgsten, Skoog Svanberg, Ekselius,
Lundkvist, and Sundstrom (2008), 439 females, all of which

For Choosing Ivf Australia, We Bride On Ourselves On Our...
HEADING Thank you for choosing IVF Australia, we bride on ourselves on our success rates and
price. This sheet has all the essential information about the causes of infertility in both male and
females, the treatments to these and different issues that may come with these procedures. Infertility
is the inability to conceive a pregnancy after 12 month of unprotected sex. Infertility in male and
females can occur from various reasons such us the production of sex cells(gametes) and hormonal
issues as well as other reasons. Infertility is growing rapidly in today's world, it is becoming a
bigger and bigger problem in Australia as 1 in every 6 couples are effected by infertility (19). A
solution to this growing problem is Assisted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Abnormal shape of the cervix can also or changes of texture in the cervical muscle can cause issues
for the sperm travelling from the vagina to the uterus.
Immunological Factors: Some Females may have antibodies to sperm produced by the cervical
muscles, sometimes the immune system of the mother can prevent the embryo from attaching to the
wall of the uterus and cause a miscarriage
Ageing: Reproductive functions decrease the older a woman gets, this is due to fewer eggs being
left in the ovary and the quality of the egg also diminishes. When a woman is in her 30's there is an
increased chance of chromosome abnormalities like down syndrome.
Causes of Male Infertility (4)
Varicocele (Veins around testicles in the scrotum): A swelling of the veins that drain the testicles.
The most common reversible cause of infertility in men. The exact reason for Varicocele is
unknown, one cause may be the abnormal testicular temperature regulation. Varicocele reduces the
quality of the sperm.
Infection: Infections can interfere with the production of sperm and the sperm health. These
infections include inflammation of the epididymis or testicle, as well as some sexually transmitted
diseases. Some infections can cause permanent testicular damage however in most cases sperm can
still be retrieved.
Ejaculation issues (location vas

Abortion Essay
Abortion may be one of the most ongoing disagreements throughout time, some may consider this
act as wrong such as specified in this quote by Mother Teresa: "The greatest destroyer of peace is
abortion because if a mother can kill her own child, what is left for me to kill you and you to kill
me? There is nothing between." Abortion not only murders an unborn child, causes guilt for the
mother's decision to end her pregnancy and may cause problems to the mother's health; abortion is
irreversible that child will not have life. Some women having an abortion can suffer from damage to
the uterus, internal bleeding including having pieces of the baby left inside her body causing
difficulties. By means of ending the pregnancy, the mother may ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Research displayed that almost 85,000 women in Uganda were treated for problems of unsafe
abortions in 2003. The cost for treating an unsafe abortion has cost a total of 14million dollars each
year in Uganda. By these statistics, women should be considered most important since if the women
die so will the fetus. Women have been found to suffer emotional distress after having had the
abortion. Around 42 million women worldwide obtain a legal abortion each year, although many
experience emotional relief over 30 % have experienced significant psychological distress that does
not vanish over time. By examining California state Medicaid records of more than 56,700 low–
income women, the research team found that women who aborted were 72 percent more likely to be
admitted to hospital for "adjustment reactions," depressive psychosis and bipolar disorder in the first
four years after their pregnancy than those who carried their babies to term. Statistics show that it is
better for a woman to give birth to their baby rather than terminate their pregnancy regardless of
their age of conceiving. Thoughts of suicide, a horrific mark of mental illness, the figures should be
enough to convince anyone who cares about young women to desire a ban on abortion for minors,
no pregnancy: 23%; pregnancy, no abortion: 25%; abortion: 50%. In December 2005 report, the
South Dakota Task Force to Study Abortion, appointed by Gov. Mike Rounds (R.), cited

Abortion Essay
¨Abortion isn't a lesser evil, it´s a crime.Taking one's life from another, that´s what the mafia does.It
´s a crime.It´s an absolute evil¨ (Pope Francis).
Abortion is a serious issue in the world, pretty much what an abortion does is murder the still
developing baby or fetus inside the mother's womb.I am doing this issue because everyone should
have the right to live, the declaration of independence even states that all people have the right to
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness taking that away is a violation of humans rights.
Abortions,even those that are legally available, are dangerous, can cause unwanted health
problem,and should be illegal.
Abortions and medical Problems
One of the main problems with abortion is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Abortions and Adoption
One of the main things that people should think about before getting an abortion is the choice of
adoption. Adoption is better than abortion in many ways even child welfare experts also view
adoption as the healthiest solution for children who mothers did not have an abortion or cannot care
for their children. "Adopted teens are less likely to engage in more high risk behaviors (such as drug
use, violence, or suicide attempts) than non–adopted teens.Should adoption be encouraged". "
Adoption is healthy, satisfying, and good for adopted persons, not an enduring challenge to identity
and wholeness. The adopted person may have additional questions or curiosities to sort out, but
adoption is not a psychological burden or pathology...Adoption is the way one joined one's family,
not a defining characteristic or lifelong process.should adoption be encouraged".If you are ever
thinking about getting an abortion if you are pregnant think of the other ways you can care for your
child think of adoption if you can not care for the baby yourself.my counterparts would argue that
adoption isn't always the best answer and using adoption would increase the number of people in
different countries therefore over populating them which will lead to a decrease in food, water,
shelter, or any essential needs that we as a civilization have.
Abortion and Race Abortion and race

The Problem Of Fertility Treatment
Fertility treatment is utilized when a couple is not able to conceive naturally. Most commonly, the
underlying problem could be medical. For instance, a woman may not be ovulating or a man may
not be producing enough amount of or healthy sperm.Depending on the causative problem, various
forms of treatment are offered different to the couples. Usually, couples try treatments for many
months or even years . However, these are not always effective. In addition , these treatments can be
quite costly. However, if successful , these can bring pleasure and happiness in the lives of the
struggling couples. The following options may be available for childless couples: IVF(In Vitro
Fertilisation),AI(Artificial Insemination) ,AIH(Artificial Insemination by Husband),AID(Artificial
Insemination by Donor),and Surrogacy.
The issue of infertility can be heart–wrenching specifically for couples who have wanted to have
children all their lives. In the Holy Bible , we read several stories about temporary infertility .
God promised Abraham and Sarah a child, but she did not bear a son, Isaac, until age 90 (Genesis
11:30).
Isaac, Rebekah's husband, prayed fervently, and God answered, resulting in the births of Jacob and
Esau (Genesis 25:21).
Rachel prayed, and at long last God "opened her womb." She bore two sons, Joseph and Benjamin
(Genesis 30:1; 35:18).
Manoah 's wife, who was infertile for a time, gave birth to Samson (Judges 13:2).
Elizabeth in her old age gave birth to John the

Surrogacy : Traditional And Gestational Surrogacy
Surrogacy is arrangement in which a woman is hired to carry and give birth to a child who will then
be given to another couple or person. The child is usually related to the birth mother, but in some
cases, may be related to the surrogate mother. Maria Trimarchi (2008) from a health article on
infertility, informs readers of the "two types of surrogacy: traditional and gestational". With
traditional surrogacy, the surrogate mother 's egg is utilized and then fertilized and this makes her
the genetic mother of the child. In gestational surrogacy, the egg is provided by the intended mother
or a donor (Trimarchi, 2008). The egg is fertilized through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and then
placed inside the surrogate mother (Cheung, 2014). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A woman battling Crohn's disease had "frozen embryos created with her eggs and a friend 's sperm
[which] were implanted in a surrogate" because she did not want to risk carrying a child (Cohen,
2013). Carrying a child could have negatively affected her and the child's health if she were to
become pregnant and could have proven to be fatal. This process can be used for men who have
cancer and want to have children in the future, whether it is by themselves or with a partner. This is
the only way for couples to have biological children of their own, especially for couples where one
partner is sick and could possibly be infertile.
Surrogacy not only helps infertile men and women, but has also been helpful to homosexual couples
because they face physical barriers that do not allow these couples to bear biological children. A
child can only be conceived when opposite sex cells combine and because homosexual couples have
the same sex cells they are not able to have a child. One clinic in Los Angeles was created to help
these couples find surrogate mothers and was "responsible for over 300 births" for gay couples in
2005 (Bellafante, 2005). However, in certain countries gay rights have not been granted because it
contradicts the religion of the country. In India, gay marriages are not legally recognized by the
government, so gay couples there are not allowed to pursue surrogacy. Thailand's government has
been known to be more

Essay on Ethics of In Vitro Fertilization
In Vitro Fertilization
"The unexamined life is not worth living." With these words, Socrates stated the creed of reflective
men and women and set the task for ethics: to seek, with the help of reason, a consistent and
defensible approach to life and its moral dilemmas (Walters 22). Ethical inquiry is important to us
when we are unsure of the direction in which we are heading. "New philosophy calls all in doubt,"
wrote John Donne in the wake of the Copernican Revolution and of Charles I's violent death,
suggesting that new thoughts had challenged old practices (Donne). Today, new practices in the
biomedical sciences are challenging old thoughts: "New medicine calls all in doubt" (Walters 22).
Few moral convictions are more deeply ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the study of ethics is all about what is right and what is wrong, it is not possible to come to a
correct conclusion unless one is directly appointed by God to make this conclusion. God is the only
One who can correctly decree what is ethical and unethical; we as imperfect humans should not
even attempt to do this job.
IVF raises many of these difficult moral issues. If the above conceptions about the nature of ethics
were correct, however, discussion of these issues would either be futile (because morality is a matter
of personal choice or opinion) or superfluous (because morality is what a divine or secular authority
says it is) (Walters 23). In this paper, I want to suggest that it is not only possible, but also necessary
to inquire into the ethics of such practices as IVF because the fact that we can do something does
not mean that we ought to do it.
To begin with, I will provide the basic medical facts involving IVF to give a solid understanding of
what goes into the whole process and what facts involving this process cause the questioning of the
ethical and moral issues. Infertility affects about 4.9 million couples in the United States, or one in
every twelve. Approximately one–third of infertility cases can be traced to causes in the female
(Encarta). However, a small proportion of infertile

Thesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Adolescent pregnancy has long
been a worldwide social and educational concern for the developed, developing and underdeveloped
countries. Many countries continue to experience high incidence of teenage pregnancy despite the
intervention strategies that have been put in place. In 1990 approximately 530,000 teenagers in the
United States became pregnant, 51% of whom gave birth (Coley & Chase–Lansdale, 1998).
Available literature suggests that fertility rates in developing countries have declined in the past two
decades (Dickson, 2002; Caldwell & Caldwell, 2002). It is argued that due to changing socio–
political circumstances, women have reassessed the timing of childbirth and the role of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prevailing societal norms and values as determined by social, economic, cultural, psychological and
developmental factors have influence on the behaviour of its youth. There is increasing evidence
that adolescents are influenced by their environment, therefore reproductive behaviour might be
influenced by community characteristics (National Population Unit, 2000).
Much research has been done on factors that predispose girls to falling pregnant in their adolescent
years (Furstenberg, Brooks–Gunn & Morgan, 1987; Dryfoos, 1990). Researchers have found a
number of personal, family and social factors, which are often –5–
associated with teenage pregnancy (Dryfoos, 1990). The high incidence of teenage pregnancy has
become a major societal and educational concern, as it seems to perpetuate poverty and low levels
of education (Furstenberg, Brooks–Gunn, & Morgan, 1987).
Consequently, the majority of researchers have focused on socio–economic predictors and
consequences of teenage pregnancy. Although knowledge on social factors has expanded in the past
decade, research on the psychological effects of teenage pregnancy has been largely ignored. The
current study seeks to explore the impact of pregnancy during adolescence, on the psychological
processes. There is still a need to understand factors within an individual, which put an adolescent at
greater risk of falling pregnant and how development

The Importance Of Abortion
Abortions are sometimes not given the proportion that it should have. Which causes young teens to
abort or not be educated enough on the affects after. In today's society women all around the world
have many opinions on abortions. Some believe that no matter the circumstances you should not be
allowed to kill your unborn child. Others believe that you should have the choose to do what is best
for you and the baby. Sometimes mothers have an understandable reasoning, such as not being able
to provide, care, or rape victim. Just imagine a world with abortions not existing, what would
mothers do.?
It is often argued that women should not have the right to have an abortion. Some people believe
that once you are pregnant, killing the fetus is murder. Some may say that the right to abortions is
acceptable and all women should have the right to make their own choice. In my eyes I am against
abortions, but I do believe that women should do what's best based on the circumstances. To take
away the ability of a woman choice to do with her body is basically taking away their civil rights.
Just think about a young teen girl becoming pregnant and not ready to take care of the baby, the
young teen only choice might only be abortion, so taking that right away affects not only the mother
but their life. However, there are many health risks that comes with having an abortion. Such as,
depression, felling guilty, and suicide attempts. Not many people think about the risk of having an

Paleolithic Venuses Essay
Paleolithic Venuses
1.) Discuss the meaning of the Paleolithic Venuses. Identify Rice's position and explain it. Discuss
four other interpretations of these figurines mentioned in class or in the reading. Do any or all of
these interpretations support the views of the 19th century evolutionist Johann Jakob Bachofen?
Paleolithic Venuses are prehistoric sculptures that are traditionally thought, by experts to be images
that adore and glorify female fertility. There are three reasons why most historians who study the
Paleolithic era support this traditional idea. One, most analysts only use a sampling of the 188
figurines and most of them are pregnant. Secondly, the name Venus itself conjures up the notion of
fertility. Thirdly, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And the result was that only 70% or 132 figurines were used to complete the study. Out of the 132
figurines used for the study, it was determined that 23% were of women under the age of 15. 17 %
were statuettes of pregnant women. 38% were of non–pregnant women in the reproductive stage,
and 22% were of , post reproductive women. It was then concluded by Rice that there is no evidence
to support the traditional view that the Paleolithic Venuses represent fertility since the largest group
of statues were of adult women while the smallest group were made up of pregnant females.
However, these results did not completely satisfy her. She then raised the question that since these
figurines were not sculptured for fertility purposes, then why were these sculptures made? Rice
believes that the answers to this question lie in the cultural aspects in the Paleolithic society. IN the
article she discusses the roles and status of women in the society. She talks about the various
responsibilities that women have in each stage of their lives. The three important jobs that women
had in the society are being the reliable source of food, providing a stable home including social and
sexual partnership, being the givers of life. Four other interpretations of these figurines include; the
association with a fertility cult, erotic art, calendar counting, and the theory these figures represent
the leaders of the Paleolithic era. These interpretations cannot answer for all of

Persuasive Essay About Teen Pregnancy
Teen pregnancy......what comes in mind when you hear the words "Teen Pregnancy"? Well, teen
pregnancy are young female girls that become pregnant under the age of 20. A female can become
pregnant from having sexual intercourse and after she have started to ovulate. Young female girls
will become pregnant without even thinking about the consequences and the type of environment
the baby will be in. Not because the young mother is poor or rich, but because they're not ready to
take care of another human being. Not to mention, pregnant teens are young themselves, so their
also growing. There are plenty of problems that are the cause of teen pregnancy, and many of those
problems can be solved.
One reason for teen pregnancy is the lack of information that is given to students in middle and high
school about sex and how to prevent it from happening. Also, the lack amount of talks from parents
that they can give to their teen. I wouldn't say there isn't any education given out to students about
sex, but there isn't ENOUGH to make pre–teens and teens to fully understand and have the right
mind set about sex. Many schools won't really focus on the topic about teen pregnancy because it
really doesn't have much about academics and that's really understandable, but at the end of the day
teens are also human and do make mistakes. I believe schools should give education about teen
pregnancy as much as the other subjects. The topic of teen pregnancy shouldn't be left out because
talking to your teen about sex can definitely influence their lifestyle. Many teens would learn about
sex in the streets which it totally horrible because 9/10, the streets will educate them to have sex
rather than not to. The solution to this problem is that parents and schools should educate their
teens/students with more education about teen pregnancy, so that the number pregnant teens can
decrease in near future.
Another reason for teen pregnancy is social media. Social media can have a huge impact on how
teens can view their lives by influencing them with a different kind of lifestyle. Not to mention,
teens can easily be brainwashed by what they see on there and think what they see on social media
is good, is actually wrong. Social media will have

Gestational Surrogacy: Assisted Reproduction
Introduction
Surrogacy is a method of assisted reproduction that helps intended parents start families (La Jolla
2012). While there are two forms, traditional and gestational, gestational surrogacy is the most
widely used today. The reason for this is because it allows for both intended parents to have a
genetic tie to their child. Whereas in traditional, only the intended father had the genetic tie. While
both processes are extremely pricy, costing at least $100,000 in the United States, gestational
surrogacy is more expensive because it requires the use of In Vitro Fertilization (BabyCenter 2016).
In addition, surrogacy is expensive because of the legal fees, which can be up to $14,000, that are
included in the contract (BabyCenter 2016). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nevertheless, by stating that these women cannot be empowered by making the decision of
becoming a surrogate mother would be taking away their agency. Empowerment takes many shapes
and forms, but overall, empowerment is solely up to the individual. For women such as Aasia, she
felt empowered by making a decision to be a surrogate mother without consulting with her husband.
She chose not to tell him because she knew he would discourage her from going through with the
process. However, at the end of the film, she explains how she is grateful that she was able to
provide for her

Young Woman's Pregnancy and Miscarriage in Ella Thomas' Diary

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