This chapter discusses research methodology and its key components. It identifies 6 main parts of chapter 3: 1) research design, 2) locale of the study, 3) population and sampling technique, 4) data gathering procedure, 5) research instrument, and 6) statistical treatment of data. It describes the different research designs including descriptive, experimental, and qualitative designs. It also explains concepts like research locale, population, sampling techniques, data collection procedures, types of research instruments including questionnaires, interviews and checklists, and the importance of statistical treatment of data.

1. CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH
METHOD AND
PROCEDURES

2. Learning
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
1. Identify the different parts of
chapter 3,
2. Determine the importance
of each part in crafting a
research paper, and
3. Evaluate what
methodology is applicable
in their paper.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. Parts of
chapter 3
1.Research Design
2.Locale of the Study
3.Population and
Sampling Technique
4.Data Gathering
Procedure
5.Research Instrument
6.Statistical Treatment
of Data
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4. Research Design

5. Research Design
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•It refers to a scheme or plan of action for
meeting the objectives
•A blueprint for conducting a study that
maximize control over factors that could
interfere with the validity of the findings.

6. Types of Basic Research Design
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1.Descriptive Design
2.Experimental Design
3.Qualitative Method

7. 1. Descriptive Design
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• Most common method used in researches.
• Used when the purpose of the study is to inquire about the
prevailing conditions of events, objects or people.
• The method describes “what is” in relation to the variables
under consideration.

8. Characteristics of Descriptive Research
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• It ascertains prevailing conditions of facts in group or case
study.
• It gives either a qualitative or quantitative, or both,
description of the general characteristics of the group or
case under study.
• What caused the prevailing conditions is not emphasized.
• The study of conditions at different periods of time may be
made the change that took place between the periods
may be evaluated for any value it gives.

9. Characteristics of Descriptive Research
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• The variables involved in the study are not usually
controlled.
• Studies on prevailing conditions may or can be repeated
for purposes of comparison and verification.

10. Sample Descriptive Design
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11. 2. Experimental Design
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• 1 central characteristics:
- manipulating the independent variable and
measuring the effect on the dependent variable
• the classical experimental designs consist of h the
experimental group and the controlled group.

12. Experimental Group
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- Independent variable that can be manipulated
- While in the control group, the dependent variable is
measured when no alteration has been made on the
dependent variable.

13. Control group
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• The dependent variable is measures in the experimental
group the same way, and at the same time, as in the
control group.

14. 03/15/2021 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 14
Independent
Variable
Dependent
Variable
Experimental
Group
Changed Measured
Control
Group
Unchanged measured
Table representation

15. 3. Qualitative Method
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1. Historical Method
2. Ethnographic Method
3. Phenomenological Method

16. 03/15/2021 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 16
1. Historical Method – the objective is to
interpret events in the light of the present
situation
2. Ethnographic Method – defined as the
environment or setting where the behavior
occurs.
3. Phenomenological Method – described as an
approach in sociology that is based on
human character as the subject matter of the
discipline.

17. Locale of the study

18. Locale of the Study
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•The setting of the study.

19. Research Locale example
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• The study will be conducted in the Philippines. The
respondents will be interviewed in their houses or any
comfortable place that the respondent will choose to. The
researchers also gathered respondents residing in USA.
These respondents will be interviewed via video chat. The
researchers chose the place of implementation because it
will give the researchers the needed information for people
with spina bifida. The study will be conducted in the first
semester of the academic year 2016-2017.

20. Population and
Sampling Techniques

21. Population/Universe:
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- in statistics denotes the aggregate from
which sample (items) is to be taken.
- A population can be defined as including all
people or items with the characteristic one
wishes to understand.

22. 03/15/2021 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22
-Sampling frame is the list from which
the potential respondents are drawn .
-A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully
representative) collection of units from
a population used to determine truths
about that population” (Field, 2005)

23. Sampling
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- Sampling: the process of learning about population on
the basis of sample drawn from it.
Three elements in process of sampling:
- Selecting the sample
- Collecting the information
- Making inference about population

24. 24
SAMPLINGMETHODS
NON
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY MIXED
JUDGMENT
QUOTA
CONVENIENCE
SNOWBALL
SIMPLERANDOM
STRATIFIED
RANDOM
SYSTEMATIC
CLUSTER
MULTISTAGE
MULTIPHASE
LOTQUALITY
ASSURANCE
03/15/2021 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

25. Judgment/Purposive/Deliberate
Sampling
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- It depend exclusively on
the judgment of the
investigator.
- Sample selected which
researcher thinks to be
most typical of the
universe.

26. Convenience Sampling
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- Convenient sample
units selected.
- Selected based on
their availability.

27. Quota sampling
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- Within the quota,
selection depends on
the personal judgment.

28. Simple Random
Sampling
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- Each unit has an
equal opportunity
of being selected.

29. Data Gathering
Procedure

30. Data Gathering Procedure
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- Data collection is defined as the procedure of collecting,
measuring and analyzing accurate insights for research
using standard validated techniques.. In most cases, data
collection is the primary and most important step for
research, irrespective of the field of research. The
approach of data collection is different for different fields
of study, depending on the required information.

31. Research Instrument

32. Research Instrument
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- A research instrument is a tool used to
obtain, measure, and analyze data from
subjects around the research topic. You
need to decide the instrument to use based
on the type of study you are conducting:
quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method.
It can be Questionnaire, interview,
observation, or checklist.

33. Questionnaire
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- The most common instrument or tool of research for
obtaining the data.
1. Closed form – it has fixed number of questions and a
limited choice of answer. The respondents should
choose one or more suitable answers.
2. Open form – it consist a number of questions. The
answers are in the form of essay and the content may
vary depending on the respondents.

34. Interview
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- It is a sense of an oral
questionnaire. instead
of writing the response,
the interviewee gives
the need information
orally and face to
face.

35. Checklist
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- The simplest device, consist
of a prepared list of items.
The presence or absence
of the item may be
indicated by inserting the
appropriate word or
number.

36. Observation
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- Perceiving data through
the senses: sight, hearing ,
taste, smell, and touch.
- Most direct way used in
studying individual
behavior.

37. Statistical treatment

38. Statistical treatment
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- Is a way of removing researcher bias by interpreting the
data statistically rather than subjectively.
- Statistical treatment of data is essential in order to make
use of the data in the right form. Raw data collection is
only one aspect of any experiment; the organization of
data is equally important so that appropriate conclusions
can be drawn. This is what statistical treatment of data is
all about.

39. Example
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40. The way to get started
is to quit talking and
begin doing.
Walt Disney
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