using computer in business

1. Presentation
On
Computer application in management
Submitted To – Dr. Neeraj Singh Submitted By –Ankita Srivastava
(Faculty of IBM) Hrishikesh Pandey
C. s. j. m. university, Ravi kant
Kanpur Shivam Singh
Sonali Mishra
(Institute of business management)
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2.  Application portfolio development
 Introduction to a micro database manager
 Program development cycle
 Flowchart
 Input-process-output model
 Report generation
 Label generation
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3. APPLICATION PORTFOLIO
DEVELOPMENT
Evolution of the practice - Likely the earliest
mention of the Applications Portfolio was in Cyrus
Gibson and Richard Nolan's HBR article "Managing
the Four Stages of EDP Growth" in 1974.
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4.  Application Portfolio Management – IT
application portfolio management (APM) is a practice
that has emerged in mind to large-size information
technology (IT) organizations since the mid-1990s.
Application portfolio management attempts to use the
lessons of financial portfolio management to justify and
measure the financial benefits.
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5.  Business Case for APM - According to Forrester
Research, “For IT operating budgets, enterprises spend two-
third or more on ongoing operations and maintenance”.
With a large majority of expenses going to
manage the existing IT applications, the transparency of the
current inventory of applications and resource consumption
is a primary goal of application portfolio management.
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6. The Database manager is a program module
which provides the interface between the low level
data stored in the database and the application
programs and queries submitted to the system.
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7.  Database typically required lots of storage space
(in gigabytes).
 This must be stored on disks.
 Data is moved between disk and main memory
as and when needed.
 The goal of database system is to simplify and
facilitate access to data.
 The performance in terms of response time, is
also very important.
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8. DATA BASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
DATA BASE
MANAGER
OPERATING
SYSTEM
COMPUTER
HARDWARE

9. Database manager interacts with the file manager of the
operating system by storing raw data on disk using the file
system usually provided by a conventional operating
system. The database manager would translate a DML
(Data Manipulation Language) statement into sequence of
low-level file system commands for storing, retrieving and
updating data in the database.
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10. By defining security checks and constraints, the
database manager ensures that the database is
safe. The database manager is endowed with the
power of letting the users use the database and
also deny it. It is the sole responsible person to
provide access rights to a user like - read only,
read-write etc.
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11. Agency
Culture
Targeted
Program
Development
Operational
Strategies
Follow-Up
Analysis
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12. There are four major stages in the program development
cycle –
 Stage A: Agency Culture
In Stage A, Agency Culture, the programmer
develops an understanding of the agency’s mission and
helps develop the strategic programming goals of the
agency.
 Stage B: Targeted Program Development
In Stage B, Targeted Program Development, the
programmer beings focusing on the unique programming
needs of specifically targeted participant groups.
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13.  Stage C: Operational Strategies
In Stage C, Operational Strategies, a written
program plan that is a “script for operation” is developed,
and the program is staged.
 Stage D: Follow-Up Analysis
In Stage D, Follow-Up Analysis, the program is
evaluated and a disposition decision made on the basis of
evaluation data that has been collected.
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14. Flowchart
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an
algorithm, workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of
various kinds, and their order by connecting them with
arrows.
Flowcharts are used in analyzing, documenting or
managing a process or program in various fields.
A simple flowchart representing a process for
dealing with a non-functioning lamp is below -
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15. N NO
YES
Y NO
NO
Lamp doesn’t work
Lamp
plugged
in?
Bulb
burned
out?
Repair lamp
Plug in lamp
Replace bulb
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16. History
The first structured method for documenting process flow,
the “flow process chart”, Was introduced by frank gilibreth
to members of the american society of mechanical
engineers(ASME) In 1921 in the presentation “ process
charts first steps in finding the one best way.”
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17. Flowchart Symbols –
Symbol Name Functions
Start/End An oval represents a
start or end point
Arrows A line is a connector
that shows relationship
between the
representative shapes
Input / Output A parallelogram
represents input or
output
Process A rectangle
represents a process
Decision A diamond indicates
a decision 17

18. Types of flowchart
Sterneckert suggested that flowcharts can be modeled from
the perspective of different user groups and that there are
four general types:
• Document flowcharts
• Data flowcharts
• System flowcharts
• Program flowchart 18

19. INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT MODEL
The input-process-output (IPO) model or input-
process-output pattern, is a widely used approach in
system analysis and software engineering for
describing the structure of an information processing
program or other process.
The system would divide the work into two
categories:
 A requirement from the environment (input)
 A provision for the environment (output)
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Input Process Output

20. Real Life Applications -
 Corporate business - The usage of such systems could
help to create stronger human organisations in terms of
company operations in each and every department of the
firm.
 Programming – The majority of existing programs for
coding, such as Java, C++, would be based upon a
deterministic IPO model, with clear inputs coming from
the coder, converting into outputs, such as applications.
 Scientific – A calculator, which uses inputs, provided
by the operator and processes them into outputs to be
used by the operator.
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21. REPORT GENERATION
The objective of this lesson is to learn how to create basic
reports, charts, and pivot tables using Excel’s powerful
tools. Novus Business and IT Training Program.
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22.  Report generator - A report generator is a computer
program whose purpose is to take data from a source
such as a database, XML stream or a spreadsheet, and
use it to produce a document in a format which satisfies a
particular human readership.
 Report generation - Report generation functionality is
almost always present in database systems, where the
source of the data is the database itself. It can also be
argued that report generation is part of the purpose of a
spreadsheet.
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23. Label generation
Every zone on the Internet has, either implicitly or
explicitly, a set of rules governing the labels allowed in
that zone. Sometimes, these are implicit and trivial, such
as, “I only permit labels that have something to do with
my company,” or, “We name all our hosts after moons of
Jupiter.”
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24. Benefits of a well-defined LGR
process
There are a number of aspects of label and variant
evaluation for root zone allocation that are not properly
the subject of case-by-case analysis. The primary benefit
of the LGR process is as a mechanism that delivers
hands-off evaluation for these aspects.
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