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Autonomic nervous system
1.
Autonomic Nervous System Prof.
Dr. Rashid Mahmood
2.
6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous
System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 2 Autonomic Nervous System ā¢ Importance: ļ Controls of all visceral functions of body ļ Pharmacology ļ Medicine ļ Examination
3.
Objectives Goal/Aim: To give
the understanding of the physiology of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) ā¢ To describe the physiologic anatomy of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system. ā¢ To classify the receptors of ANS, and relate them with the functions of ANS ā¢ To describe the functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system. ā¢ To list the neurotransmitters secreted at the at nerve endings of ANS. ā¢ To list the components of Visceral reflex Arc and give examples. ā¢ To tell the correlation of adrenal medulla with ANS6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 3
4.
Control of body
functions ā¢Nervous system ā¢Hormones Skeletal muscles Visceral functions 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 4
5.
MCQ 1 1. Regarding
Autonomic outflow and Autonomic nerve fibers A. Sympathetic outflow is from T-1 to S-3. B. In the parasympathetic nervous system the axons of postganglionic neurons are usually longer than those of preganglionic neurons C. In case of sympathetic nervous system all the preganglionic nerves synapse in the sympathetic chain ganglia. D. Sympathetic nervous system is part of afferent division of the peripheral nervous system E. Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal nerve through White Ramus Communicans to enter the sympathetic chain 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 5
6.
Organization of Nervous System 6-Jan-18
Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 6
7.
Autonomic Nervous System ā¢Visceral
functions ā¢Heart ā¢GIT ā¢Urinary Bladder 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 7
8.
Preganglionic and postganglionic
neurotransmitter 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 8
9.
Visceral Reflexes Components of Visceral
Reflex 1 2 3 4 567 Ganglion on the way of efferent nerve 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 9
10.
Autonomic Nervous System ā¢Higher
control: ā¢Spinal cord ā¢Brain Stem ā¢Hypothalamus ā¢Limbic System 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 10
11.
Divisions of Autonomic
nervous system ā¢Sympathetic nervous system ā¢Parasympathetic nervous system 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 11
12.
Sympathetic Division 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 12 Notes: 4 possible routes of sympathetic nerve after entering corresponding sympathetic chain ganglion (paravertebral ganglion): 1. synapse & come out at the same level in Grey RC to accompany corresponding spinal nerve 2. Come out without synapse & synapse in collateral (prevertebral) ganglion outside sympathetic chain ganglion 3. Go up inside sympathetic chain & synapse in cervical ganglia before coming out 4. Go down inside sympathetic chain & synapse below L2 before coming out Spinal cord Ventral horn Spinal nerve Leave spinal N. thru White RC Sympathetic chain
13.
6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous
System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 13 Sympathetic Division
14.
Parasympathetic Division 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 14
15.
Organization of Autonomic NS 6-Jan-18
Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 15
16.
MCQ 1 1. Regarding
Autonomic outflow and Autonomic nerve fibers A. Sympathetic outflow is from T-1 to S-3. B. In the parasympathetic nervous system the axons of postganglionic neurons are usually longer than those of preganglionic neurons C. In case of sympathetic nervous system all the preganglionic nerves synapse in the sympathetic chain ganglia. D. Sympathetic nervous system is part of afferent division of the peripheral nervous system E. Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal nerve through White Ramus Communicans to enter the sympathetic chain E6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 16
17.
MCQ 2 Regarding Neurotransmitters
and Characteristics of Autonomic Nervous System A. Acetylcholinesterase is the chemical transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. B. Noradrenalin is chemical transmitter at all neuromuscular junctions in autonomic nervous system C. GnRH (Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone) is a hormone, not a neurotransmitter D. The characteristic of the autonomic nervous system is that it exerts either excitatory or inhibitory effect on its Effector organs E. Sympathetic nervous system is always excitatory 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 17
18.
Basic Characteristics Cholinergic & Adrenergic (Noradrenergic)
Fibers
19.
Sympathetic Parasympathetic Cholinergic Cholinergic Cholinergic Adrenergic Cholinergic Sweat
Glands, Piloerecror Muscle, A few Blood Vessels 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 19
20.
6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous
System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 20
21.
6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous
System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 21
22.
MCQ 2 Regarding Neurotransmitters
and Characteristics of Autonomic Nervous System A. Acetylcholinesterase is the chemical transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. B. Noradrenalin is chemical transmitter at all neuromuscular junctions in autonomic nervous system C. GnRH (Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone) is a hormone, not a neurotransmitter D. The characteristic of the autonomic nervous system is that it exerts either excitatory or inhibitory effect on its Effector organs E. Sympathetic nervous system is always excitatory 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 22 D
23.
MCQ 3 Which of
the following statements is NOT TRUE concerning the Autonomic Nervous system A. Nicotinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptors B. Sacral outflow of parasympathetic nervous system is from S-2 to S-4 C. Parasympathetic nerve fibers have a ganglion close to or in the organ which they innervate D. Limbic system is involved in the control of Autonomic Nervous System E. Acetylcholine is the chemical transmitter at all neuromuscular junctions in autonomic nervous system 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 23
24.
Receptors Cholinergic Muscarinic Nicotinic Adrenergic Alpha Alpha 1
Alpha 2 Beta Beta 3 Beta 1 Beta 2 Autonomic receptors
25.
N1 N2N2 N2 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous
System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 25
26.
Adrenergic Receptors6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous
System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 26
27.
Function of the
autonomic nerves is determined by the type of receptor 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 27
28.
6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous
System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 28 General outlay of ANS Sherwood
29.
Autonomic receptors 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 29 Receptor Type Neurotransmitter Affinity Effector(s) with Receptor Type Effect on Effector Cholinergic Nicotinic ACh from autonomic preganglionic fibers All autonomic postganglionic cell bodies; adrenal medulla Excitatory ACh from motor neurons Motor end plates of skeletal muscle fibers Excitatory Muscarinic Ach from parasympathetic postganglionic fibers Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands Excitatory or inhibitory, depending on effector Adrenergic Ī±1 Greater affinity for NE than for E Most sympathetic target tissues Excitatory Ī±2 Grater affinity for NE than for E Digestive organs Inhibitory Ī²1 Equal affinity for NE and for E Heart, Kidney (Renin release), Fat cells Excitatory Ī²2 Affinity for E only Arterioles, Uterus, UB, intestines, bronchioles Inhibitory 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
30.
MCQ 3 Which of
the following statements is NOT TRUE concerning the Autonomic Nervous system A. Nicotinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptors B. Sacral outflow of parasympathetic nervous system is from S-2 to S-4 C. Parasympathetic nerve fibers have a ganglion close to or in the organ which they innervate D. Limbic system is involved in the control of Autonomic Nervous System E. Acetylcholine is the chemical transmitter at all neuromuscular junctions in autonomic nervous system E6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 30
31.
Autonomic Functions 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 31
32.
Sympathetic functions 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 32
33.
Parasympathetic functions 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 33
34.
Autonomic functions 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 34
35.
Autonomic functions Organ Parasympathetic
Sympathetic EYE 1. Miosis 2. Near Accommodation 1. Mydriasis(Ī± receptors) 2. Opposite HEART 1. ā Heart rate 2. ā force of contraction 3. ā Conduction of velocity Opposite (Ć-1 receptors) BLOOD VESSELS 1. Dilation ? 1. Alpha receptors: Constriction 2. Ć-2 receptors : Dilatation e.g. Coronary arteries, skeletal muscles
36.
Organ Parasympathetic Sympathetic Lungs
1. Muscle contraction 2. ā secretion Opposite(Ć-2) GIT Stomach, Intestine 1. ā Motility 2. ā Secretions 3. Sphincters relaxed Gall Bladder/Ducts: Contraction Opposite URINARY BLADDER 1. Muscle Contraction 2. Sphincter relaxed Opposite MTABOLISM 1. Anabolism Catabolism (Ć receptors) ā¢ ā glycogenolysis ā¢ ā lipolysis ā¢ ā BMR
37.
Organ Parasympathetic Sympathetic Kidney
Nil ā Renin Mental activity Nil ā Skeletal Muscle Nil ā Glycogenolysis ā Stretch
38.
Autonomic Functions ā¢Opposite ā¢Excitatory/Inhibitory (Exception:
Salivary Glands) ā¢Parasympathetic: ā¢Localized ā¢Sympathetic: ā¢Diffuse 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 38
39.
39 Function of Adrenal
Medulla ā¢ Catecholamines ā¢ Epinephrine (Adrenaline): 80% ā¢ Norepinephrine (Noradrenalin): 20% 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
40.
Self-Study Topics 1. Value
of dual autonomic supply 2. Denervation Hypersensitivy 3. Autonomic control areas in brain stem and hypothalamus 4. Sympathetic and parasympathetic tone 5. Mass discharge vs. Localized response āAlarmā or āstressā response 6. Autonomic reflexes 7. frequency of stimulation required for full activation 8. Differences between functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine 406-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
41.
EOLA 1. Which of
the types of autonomic fibers release acetylcholine (Ach)? 2. Would a drug that interferes with Ach action at nicotinic receptors block the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, or both, at effector organs? How about for a drug that interferes with Ach action at muscarinic receptors? 3. Name some organs that are innervated only by sympathetic nerves and not by the parasympathetic nerves 4. In which organs actions of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity are not antagonistic? Answers: 1.All preganglionic , parasympathetic postganglionic, a few postganglionic sympathetic e.g Sweat glands 2.Both, It will block only parasympathetic actions 3.Blood vessels (most arterioles and veins), Sweat glands 4.Salivary glands 6-Jan-18 Autonomic Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 41 Feedback
42.
Thank You 6-Jan-18 Autonomic
Nervous System | Ā© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 42
Editor's Notes
All preganglionic , parasympathetic postganglionic, a few postganglionic sympathetic e.g Sweat glands Both, It will block only parasympathetic actions Blood vessels (most arterioles and veins), Sweat glands Salivary glands
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