Introduction to Body fluids (Basic concept & compartments of body fluids (physiology)

1. Introduction to Body Fluids
Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

2. 2
Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
BODY
FLUIDS

3. Preamble
• Questions ?
1. What are the Functions of Body Fluids?
2. How much is daily Intake and Output of Fluids?
3. How much is Water Content of Different Body
Tissues?
4. Name the body fluid compartments.
5. What is meant by Transcellular Fluid?
6. What is meant by Interstitial Fluid?
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 3

4. 4
Objectives
• Goal /Aim
• By the end of this session students should be able to understand
the basic concepts of Body Fluids
• Specific objectives
• Student should be able to
1. Describe the Functions of Body Fluids
2. Compare the Intake and Output of BODY FLUIDS
3. Explain the Water Content of Body Tissues
4. Differentiate between different BODY FLUID
COMPARTMENTS
5. Differentiate between Isotonic, Hypotonic & Hypertonic
Fluids

5. 5
Objectives
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
1. Describe the Functions of Body
Fluids

6. 6
Functions of Body Fluids
1. Homeostasis
2. Transport mechanism
3. Metabolic reactions
4. Texture of tissues
5. Temperature regulation
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

7. 7
Objectives
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
2. Compare the Intake and Output of BODY
FLUIDS

8. 8
INTAKE
Normal Exercise
Ingested
2100 ?
Metabolism
200 200
Total 2300 ?
BODY FLUIDS
Intake = Output
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

9. 9
OUTPUT
Insensible Loss
Skin 350 350
Lungs 350 650?
Sensible loss
Sweat 100 5000?
Feces 100 500
Urine 1400
2300 6600?
BODY FLUIDS
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

10. 10
Objectives
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
3. Explain the Water Content of Body Tissues

11. 11
Water Content of Body Tissues:
Tissue % Water by
Weight
Kidney
Heart
Lung
Skeletal Muscle
Brain
Skin
Liver
Skeleton
Adipose Tissue
83
79
79
76
75
72
68
22
10
BODY FLUIDS
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

12. 12
• AGE
• SEX
• OBESITY / ADIPOSE TISSUE
BODY FLUIDS
Amount/ ratio of body fluids
DEPENDS ON
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

13. 13
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
N
ew
born
1
to
510
to
1617
to
3940
to
59
60+
Age
Percentage Male, %
Female, %
BODY FLUIDS
T.B.W IN NORMAL HUMANS AS % BODY WT:-
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

14. Assessment Question 1
List any two Functions of Body
Fluids.
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 14

15. 15
Objectives
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
4. Differentiate between different BODY FLUID
COMPARTMENTS

16. 16
BODY FLUID
COMPARTMENTS
BODY FLUIDS
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

17. 17
20%
40 %
BODY FLUIDS
Intracellular
fluid
Interstitial
Fluid
Plasma
Extracellular
fluid
Average
Adult
70 Kg
Male
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

18. 18
BODY FLUIDS
Plasma(25% of ECF)
Interstitial Fluid
(75% of ECF)
(Surrounds all cell
except Blood Cells)
(Includes Lymph)
ICFTCF=IL
ECF
20%
ICF
40%
Capillary Membrane
Cell Membrane
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

20. 20© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

21. 21
T.C.F.= Transcellular Fluid
• Cerosal spaces:
Peritoneal Cavity, Pericardial Cavity,
Pleural Cavity
• Joints
• Urine
• Intraocular Fluid, and
• Digestive Juices etc.
BODY FLUIDS
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

22. 22
BODY FLUIDS
Blood Volume
• 5 liters
• 7 % of Body Weight
• 3 Liter ECF +2 Liter ICF
• HEMATOCRIT
• TRUE HEMATOCRIT
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

23. Assessment Question 2:
If an adult male blood volume is 5L,
& interstitial fluid volume is 13L,
then what is the volume of his ECF?
Ans: 13+ (5-2)= 16 L

24. 24
REGULATION OF FLUID EXCHANGE AND OSMOTIC
EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN E.C.F & I.C.F
CRYSTALLOIDS: Small Solutes e.g. inorganic ions,
urea, glucose
COLLOIDS: Larger solutes e.g. Proteins, lipids
BODY FLUIDS
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood

25. 25
MCQ1
Concerning Osmosis:
1. In a dilute solution, the osmotic pressure exerted by a
solute is inversely proportional to the molar concentration
of that solute
2. Quantitatively, proteins account for most of the total
osmotic pressure of the plasma
3. In the process of digestion, when a large molecule is broken
down into smaller molecules, this results a fall in osmotic
pressure
4. Solutions of sodium chloride and glucose that are of equal
molarity exert similar osmotic pressures
No
No
No
No
Yes/ No
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
Self assessment

26. 26
MCQ2
Concerning the movement of water across
cell membrane
No
No
Yes
Yes/ No
1. If two solutions are separated by a membrane, the
concentration gradient of water is higher in the solution
of higher osmotic pressure towards the solution
of lower osmotic pressure
2. An erythrocyte immersed in a fluid
whose tonicity is twice that of plasma
will shrink to less than half its original volume
3. Organic chemicals contribute more to the osmotic
pressure of intracellular fluid than to that
of extracellular fluid
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
Self assessment

27. Objectives
27
5. Differentiate between Isotonic, Hypotonic &
Hypertonic Fluids

28. 28
Semi-permeable Membrane

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood
Assessment Questions 3
•If plasma osmolarity
increases, what will happen to
the size of RBCs?
Ans: They will shrink

32. Objectives
32
6. Classify Dehydration & Overhydration

33. 33
DISORDERS RELATED
TO BODY FLUIDS

34. 34
Causes of Abnormal states of ECF & ICF volume
and osmolarity
Fluid intake
1. Ingestion of water, &
2. Intravenous infusions
Fluid loss
1. Dehydration
1. Diarrhea
2. Vomiting
3. Sweating , &
4. Burns
2. ↓ intake
1. Diseases, &
2. Anorexia

35. 35
Dehydration
• Significant ↓in water content of the body
• Three types (On the basis of ratio between water loss
and sodium loss)
1. Isoosmotic dehydration
2. Hyperosmotic dehydration
3. Hypoosmotic dehydration

36. 36
Overhydration
• Significant ↑ in water content of the body
• Three types (On the basis of ratio between water loss
and sodium loss)
1. Isoosmotic overhydration
2. Hyperosmotic overhydration
3. Hypo-osmotic overhydration

37. Take home points
• Functions of Body Fluids include control of Homeostasis: they are
essential for Transport mechanism, Metabolic reactions, Texture of
tissues and Temperature regulation etc.
• Under normal conditions Intake of body fluid is equal to Output
• Body Fluid Compartments are divided into Extracellular, and
Intracellular Compartments.
• Extracellular fluid Compartment includes Interstitial Fluid and
Plasma
• Amount of Body Fluids depends on age, sex and obesity / adipose
tissue
• If a cell is placed in Hypertonic Fluid, it will shrink; and if it is placed
in Hypotonic fluid, it will swell up.
• Dehydration & Overhydration may be isosmotic, hypoosmotic &© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 37

38. Learning Resources
• Guyton and Hall (Text book of physiology), 13th Edition
• Ganong (Text book of physiology), 25th Edition
• Berne & Levy Principles of Physiology (Koeppen BM), 7th
Edition
• Human Physiology Stuart Ira Fox, 13th Edition
• Human Physiology : from cells to system Lauralee
Sherwood,9th Edition
• Internet
© Prof. Dr. Rashid Mahmood 38

39. 39
Assessment Question 4
What is the complete name
the physiology book
“Guyton”?

40. Thank You
Body Fluids | Presented By: Name 40