Electronic mail, commonly called email, allows digital messages to be exchanged between an author and one or more recipients over the internet or other computer networks. Email systems operate on a "store and forward" model where email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages so that users do not need to be online simultaneously. The basic components of an email message are the message envelope, header, and body. Originally supporting only text, email has been extended through standards to allow attachment of files and multimedia content.

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2. Electronic mail, most commonly referred to as email or e-
mail since ca. 1993,is a method of exchanging digital messages from an
author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across
the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems
required that the author and the recipient both be online at the same
time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based
on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and
store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be
online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to a mail
server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.
Historically, the term electronic mail was used generically for any electronic
document transmission. For example, several writers in the early 1970s
used the term to describe fax document transmission. As a result, it is
difficult to find the first citation for the use of the term with the more
specific meaning it has today.
An Internet email message consists of three components, the
message envelope, the message header, and the message body. The
message header contains control information, including, minimally, an
originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses.
E-Mail

3. Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject header field and a
message submission date/time stamp.
Originally a text-only (ASCII) communications medium, Internet email was
extended to carry, e.g. text in other character sets, multi-media content
attachments, a process standardized in RFC 2045 through 2049. Collectively,
these RFCs have come to be called Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME). Subsequent RFC's have proposed standards for
internationalized email addresses using UTF-8.
Electronic mail predates the inception of the Internet and was in fact a crucial
tool in creating it,but the history of modern, global Internet email services
reaches back to the early ARPANET. Standards for encoding email messages were
proposed as early as 1973 (RFC 561). Conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in
the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. An email sent in the
early 1970s looks quite similar to a basic text message sent on the Internet today.

4. Email is an information and communications technology. It uses
technology to communicate a digital message over the
Internet. Users use email differently, based on how they think
about it. There are many software platforms available to send
and receive. Popular email platforms include Gmail, Hotmail,
Yahoo! Mail, Outlook, and many others.
Network-based email was initially exchanged on the ARPANET
in extensions to the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), but is now
carried by the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP), first
published as Internet standard 10 (RFC 821) in 1982. In the
process of transporting email messages between systems,
SMTP communicates delivery parameters using a
message envelope separate from the message (header and
body) itself.

5. A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as
individuals or organizations) and a set of the dyadic ties between these actors.
The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the
structure of whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the
patterns observed in these structures.The study of these structures uses social
network analysis to identify local and global patterns, locate influential entities,
and examine network dynamics.
Social networks and the analysis of them is an
inherently interdisciplinary academic field which emerged from social
psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. Georg Simmel authored early
structural theories in sociology emphasizing the dynamics of triads and "web of
group affiliations." Jacob Moreno is credited with developing the
firstsociograms in the 1930s to study interpersonal relationships. These
approaches were mathematically formalized in the 1950s and theories and
methods of social networks became pervasive in the social and behavioral
sciences by the 1980s. Social network analysis is now one of the major
paradigms in contemporary sociology, and is also employed in a number of
other social and formal sciences. Together with other complex networks, it
forms part of the nascent field of network science
Social network

6. Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-
time transmission of textmessages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally
short in order to enable other participants to respond quickly. Thereby, a feeling similar
to a spoken conversation is created, which distinguishes chatting from other text-based
online communication forms such as Internet forums and email. Online chat may
address point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one
sender to many receivers and voice and video chat, or may be a feature of a web
conferencing service.
Online chat in a less stringent definition may be primarily any direct text-based or video-
based (webcams), one-on-one chat or one-to-many group chat (formally also known
as synchronous conferencing), using tools such as instant messengers, Internet Relay
Chat (IRC), talkers and possibly MUDs. The expression online chat comes from the
word chat which means "informal conversation". Online chat includes web-based
applications that allow communication –often directly addressed, but anonymous
between users in a multi-user environment. Web conferencing is a more specific online
service, that is often sold as a service, hosted on a web server controlled by the vendor.
Online chat