this is the PPT created on the chapter 'lifelines of Indian economy'. Me and some of my friends created the slide we are of kendriya Vidyalaya Aurangabad. i hope you will enjoy this ppt...........best of luck.......
3. Introduction
Transport System of India.
Road ways
o Types of road ways
i. Golden quadrilateral super highways
ii. National highway
iii. State highway
iv. Districts road
v. Other roads
vi. Border roads
o Road density
o Problems faced by roadways
Railways
Railway network in India
o Progress made by Indian railways since independence
o Problems faced by railways
Pipelines
o Location and map
4. Waterways
o Types of waterways
o Sea ports
o Map
Airways
o Types of airways
National airway
International airway
Role of transportation in India
Communication network of India
Trade
5. INTRODUCTION
Transport, communication and trade play an important
role in day to day life as they link production with
consumption. Production itself becomes easy by
transport, communication and trade as processing site
is linked with the sites of raw material. Developed
transport, communication and trade help goods and
services being distributed in the local, national and
international markets. They not only ensure movement
of people, materials and communication but also
movement of ideas, and skill from one region to another.
So, the development of efficient transport and
communication network reflects the development of
economy and the country as a whole. These means are
called lifelines of a nation‘s economy.
6. In the modern world, no country can prosper without the
co-operation and help of other countries . For this
movement of goods and material is essential among the
countries .Movement of goods and materials among the
countries is termed as trade. Trade provides with our
necessities and also add to our amenities and comforts.
Transport, communication and trade are essential for
economic integration, social interaction and defence of
the country as well as other countries.
7. TRANSPORT
Roadways:
India has one of the largest road networks in
the world, aggregating to about 2.3 million km
at present.
The growing importance of
road transport vis-à-vis rail transport is rooted
in the following reasons;
construction cost of roads is much lower than that of
railway lines,
roads can traverse comparatively more dissected
and undulating topography,
roads
8. can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such
can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas
road transport is economical in transportation of few
persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over
short distances,
it also provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of
loading and unloading is much lower,
road transport is also used as a feeder to other
modes of transport such as they provide a link
between railway stations, air and sea ports.
10. NETWORK OF ROADS IN INDIA - 33.2 lakh km.
On the basis of nature & surfacing - 1.Metalled (pucca)- 57%
2. Unmetalled (kuchcha) -43%
On the basis of construction & maintenance –
(a.) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway :
(i) NHDP Phase- I :- 5,846 km., six lane,
CONNECTING-Delhi ,Mumbai, Chennai and kolkata
(ii) NHDP Phase- II :- 7300 km.
* NS Corridors – Srinagar to Kanyakumari
* EW Corridors – Silchar(Assam) to
Porbandar(Gujarat)
(iii) Port connectivity and other projects - 1,157 km.
(iv) NHDP Phase – III:- 4,015km., 4 lane ,
-National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is the
implementing agency for NHDP programme.
-NHAI is implement 4 laning of 603km. Special
Accelerated Road Development Programme in the
North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE) ,
11. (b.) NATIONAL HIGHWAYS -- As on March 31,2006 - 65,569 km.
2% of the total length of the road
network CPWD constructs and
maintains National Highways.
35%-single lane, 53%-2lane &
12%-4 lane or more.
(c.) STATE HIGHWAYS -- 1.28 lakh km.
97%of the length of state highway is
metalled.
The State Highways are constructed and
maintained by State Government.
(d.) DISTRICTS ROADS – 4,70,000 km.
Districts authorities constructs and maintain
the District Roads
(e.) OTHER ROADS - mostly kuchcha roads, 26,50,000 km.
12. (f.) BORDER ROADS - Border Road Development Board , World’s highest
Roads from Manali (H.P.) to Leh of Ladakh (J&K)
ROAD DENSITY - The lowest density – 10 km.per 100 sq.km in J.&K.
The highest density – 375 km.per 100 sq.km. in Kerala
The national average of road density – 75 km. per 100 sq.
km.
PROBLEMS FACED BY ROAD TRANSPORT
1.Inadequate
2 .43% of road are unsurfaced.
3. Highly congested in cities & Bridges are narrow.
4.Roadside amenities are not sufficient &Emergencies services
are poor.
13. In India, roads are classified in the following
six classes according to their capacity.
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways:
15. Do you know ??
National Highway-7
is the longest and traverses 2, 369 km
between Varanasi and Kanyakumari
via Jabalpur, Nagpur, Hyderabad,
Bangalore and Madurai. Delhi and
Mumbai are connected by National
Highway-8, while National Highway-15
covers most of Rajasthan.
22. RAILWAYS
Introduced by British Govt. in 1853 - 34 km. between Mumbai to Thane
Railway Network in India
(As on March 31,2004)
1. Route Length : 63,221 km
2.Railway Station :7,031
3. Railway Engines :7,817
4. Coaches :36,510
5. Wagons :2,28,170
6. Running Track :1,07,969 km.
7. Electrified Track :17,500 km.
8. Zones :16
23.
24. PROGRESS MADE BY INDIAN
RAILWAYS SINCE INDEPENDENCE
1. The total length of railway network as on March, 2002 was 63028 km.
(i) Broad Gauge (1.67 metre) - 45622 km. (70%)
(ii) Metre Gauge (1 metre) - 14364 km. (24.6%)
(iii) Narrow Gauge(0.77 metre) - 3136 km. (5.36%)
As on March, 1951 – 53596 km. - 18% increase
2. Additional Lines on the already existing busy routes– total running track
had increased from 59,315 km. to 1,07,969 km. in 2001.
3. Electrification of route – By March,2006 the Indian railways had got
17500 km. of
railway route electrified.(26% of total route)
Purposes of Electrification –(i) relieves railways from steam
engines.
(ii) ensure more speedy
movement.
(iii) Clean and pollution free
travel.
4. Container Service - Provides door to door service for goods &
commodities by CCI.
25. 5. Computerised reservation & more and more coaches and sleepers.
6. METRO Railway - Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai & Chennai
7. Super fast Trains -
8. Biggest Government Department – 15.5 lakhs regular employees &2
lakhs casual.
26. PRESENT PROBLEMS OF INDIAN
RAILWAYS
Travelling without tickets.
Thefts of railway properties.
Damaging railway properties.
Pulling up of chains and stopping of trains.
Attacks of terrorists.
Bomb blasts.
Throwing of passengers out of trains over traffic
matters
27. PIPELINES
Pipelines have become a major
means of transport and are used in
transporting crude oil, petroleum
product and natural gas from the oil
and natural gas fields to refineries,
fertiliser factories and big thermal
power generation plants.
28. Major categories of pipeline transportation in India :-
1. upper Assam Oil fields to Kanpur via Guwahati, Barauni
and Allahabad
2. Salaya (Gujarat) to Jalandhar (Punjab) via Viramgam,
Mathura, Delhi and Panipat.
3. Hazira (Gujarat) to Jagdishpur (U.P.) via Bijapur (M.P.) –
the longest pipeline in India -1700km.
4. Mumbai HIGH with Mumbai – Pune
PROPOSED PIPELINES –
(I) Between Kandla and Panipat
(II) Between Kandla and Bina
(III) Between Mumbai and Manmad
(IV) Between Vishakhapatanam to Vijaiwada
(V) between Mangalore to Chennai via Bangalore
29.
30. waterways
India has a large number of perennial rivers and a very long
coastline of 6100 km.
Types of waterways:- (a.) Inland water transport
(b) Ocean water transport
National Waterways :-
1.The Ganga river - Allahabad to Haldia - 1620 km.
2. The Brahmaputra river - Sadiya TO Dhubri - 891 km.
3. The West Coast Canal - Kollam to Kottapuram - 14 km.
4. The Champakara Canal – Kerala -13 km.
5. Udagmandalam Canal - Kerala -22 km.
31. Major Sea Ports :- At the time of Independence - 5 sea ports
Sea ports at West Coast Seaports at East Coast
1. Kandla 1. Tuticorin
2. Mumbai 2. Chennai
3. Nhova Sheva (Jawahar Lal Nehru) 3. Ennore
4.Mormugao 4. Vishakhapatnam
5. Mangalore 5. Paradip
6. Kochi 6. Haldia
32.
33. Airways
•Air travel is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious
mode of transport.
•Civil Aviation Department of controls and supervises the
activities of airlines and gives guidelines for safe
operations of the airlines.
o AIR SERVICES :-
o 1. Air India - 26 Air Craft
2. Indian Airlines - 54 Air Craft
3. Pawan Hans Helicopters
4. Private Air Lines (Scheduled & Non-scheduled)-70
34. oInternational Airports :- India has 14 international airports
o 1.Delhi 8.Kochi
2.Mumbai 9.Hyderabad
3.Chennai 10. Guwahati
4. Kolkata 11. Bangalore
5. Amritsar 12.
Thiruvananthapuram
6. Ahmedabad 13. Srinagar
7. Panaji 14. Pune
Airports are managed by Airports Authority of India.
35.
36. The Role of Transport Network in the
development of India
1. Lifelines of the Country-
2. Transportation-
3. Turning of local market into national market
4. Help in the development of economy
5. National integration of the country
6. Cultural integration
37. COMMUNICATION NETWORK
Communication is the process in which
messages are sent from one place to another;
people sitting thousands of km. away talk with
one another and even watch one another.
Various Means of communication-
1. Postal Services –
2. Print Media
3. Telecommunication-
4. Electronic Media - Radio & Television
5. Teleprinters and Cables
38. Trade
• The exchange of goods among people, states and countries
is referred to as trade.
• Trade between two countries is called international
trade.
• Foreign Trade includes exports and imports.
(a) Export trade:-
It is the trade in which a country
supplies its surplus goods and commodities to other
nations and earn valuable foreign exchange. Import
trade is the trade in which a country obtains these
goods and commodities from other countries in which
it is deficient.
39. Balance of Trade is the difference in the value of exports
and imports.
Major items of India’s Exports - Agriculture and allied product,
ores and minerals, gems and jewellery and chemical
products, engineering goods.
Major items of India’s Imports- Petroleum and petroleum
products, pearls and precious stones, inorganic
chemical, coke, machinery, fertilizers etc.
Except 1972-73 and 1976-77, India’s trade balance has been adverse
since independence.
